Therapists in Hereford, AZ

Photo of Jennifer R VandeWeg, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer R VandeWeg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Hereford, AZ 85615
Sometimes things feel hopeless, and fear can hold us back from seeking help when we are too preoccupied with being judged, especially as a parent working with a child that has mental or behavioral health challenges. Successful treatment begins with fostering trust, hope, and implementing strategies that really work. I am a culturally competent therapist with experience working with youth of all ages, adults, veterans, and families. I have a lot of experience working with foster youth in the system and helping adoptive/foster parents be preventative in handling behaviors in order to strengthen attachment.
Sometimes things feel hopeless, and fear can hold us back from seeking help when we are too preoccupied with being judged, especially as a parent working with a child that has mental or behavioral health challenges. Successful treatment begins with fostering trust, hope, and implementing strategies that really work. I am a culturally competent therapist with experience working with youth of all ages, adults, veterans, and families. I have a lot of experience working with foster youth in the system and helping adoptive/foster parents be preventative in handling behaviors in order to strengthen attachment.
(520) 317-7580 View (520) 317-7580
Photo of Nicole Spahl, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nicole Spahl
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you find yourself struggling to get up in the morning, not finding joy in activities that you used to love, feeling nervous in social situations or having challenges in trusting others? Are you struggling with pregnancy, post-partum or in your new role as a mother? For many people, their adult lives and relationships are complicated by childhood trauma, or unhelpful beliefs about themselves and others which they learned at a early age. Daily stressors that others seem to manage without difficulty may seem daunting and overwhelming for you. Life doesn't have to feel this way, it can be so much better.
Do you find yourself struggling to get up in the morning, not finding joy in activities that you used to love, feeling nervous in social situations or having challenges in trusting others? Are you struggling with pregnancy, post-partum or in your new role as a mother? For many people, their adult lives and relationships are complicated by childhood trauma, or unhelpful beliefs about themselves and others which they learned at a early age. Daily stressors that others seem to manage without difficulty may seem daunting and overwhelming for you. Life doesn't have to feel this way, it can be so much better.
(520) 525-2668 View (520) 525-2668
Photo of Monica Gasper, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Monica Gasper
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Hereford, AZ 85615
Waitlist for new clients
My preferred clients are adults and older adolescents who have varied needs to include trauma recovery, LGBTQ+, veterans, and couples therapy. I am a military veteran so have a true understanding of military issues. I am not afraid of complex issues or socially "taboo" topics. I appreciate clients who are invested in bettering themselves, are inquisitive, and willing to learn. If you are a person who wants an open, honest, therapist who will ask you to question yourself in order to learn and grow then I may be what you're seeking. I am in-network with BCBS and TriWest.
My preferred clients are adults and older adolescents who have varied needs to include trauma recovery, LGBTQ+, veterans, and couples therapy. I am a military veteran so have a true understanding of military issues. I am not afraid of complex issues or socially "taboo" topics. I appreciate clients who are invested in bettering themselves, are inquisitive, and willing to learn. If you are a person who wants an open, honest, therapist who will ask you to question yourself in order to learn and grow then I may be what you're seeking. I am in-network with BCBS and TriWest.
(520) 222-6543 View (520) 222-6543

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sophia (Krell) Fleming, LCSW, SEP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sophia (Krell) Fleming
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Sophia Fleming, LCSW, SEP offers counseling sessions for adults throughout Arizona who are yearning to experience more peace and more joy in their lives. Typically, when one seeks counseling, he or she feels "stuck". Sophia has a knack for guiding clients to untangle the pieces. Sophia has had the honor of working and training at The Meadows, a world-renowned treatment center, and has received training from world-renowned therapists Pia Mellody on codependency, love addiction/ love avoidance, and inner child work, Claudia Black focusing on couples therapy, and Peter Levine developer of Somatic Experiencing.
Sophia Fleming, LCSW, SEP offers counseling sessions for adults throughout Arizona who are yearning to experience more peace and more joy in their lives. Typically, when one seeks counseling, he or she feels "stuck". Sophia has a knack for guiding clients to untangle the pieces. Sophia has had the honor of working and training at The Meadows, a world-renowned treatment center, and has received training from world-renowned therapists Pia Mellody on codependency, love addiction/ love avoidance, and inner child work, Claudia Black focusing on couples therapy, and Peter Levine developer of Somatic Experiencing.
(623) 552-5832 View (623) 552-5832
Photo of Amirah Saldivar-Smith, MA, LPC-S, LCDC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amirah Saldivar-Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, LCDC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sierra Vista, AZ 85635
Nowadays, world events have more impact on our individual lives than in the past. Despite the desire to maintain a healthy lifestyle balance, these situations such as global pandemics have made it more difficult. Do you want to build relationships, change your career path, or simply live happier? If so, I am here to provide support and share effective strategies to make your goals a reality. I am here to listen, provide support and guidance.
Nowadays, world events have more impact on our individual lives than in the past. Despite the desire to maintain a healthy lifestyle balance, these situations such as global pandemics have made it more difficult. Do you want to build relationships, change your career path, or simply live happier? If so, I am here to provide support and share effective strategies to make your goals a reality. I am here to listen, provide support and guidance.
(254) 556-3778 View (254) 556-3778
Photo of Ann Twilley Garcia, MA, LPC, Counselor
Ann Twilley Garcia
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sierra Vista, AZ 85613
Waitlist for new clients
Do you sometimes feel you are not good enough? Do you have challenges in your life and continue to repeat patterns that don't give you what you want? Or maybe you walk around through life with guilt and shame. I believe we all possess the ability to heal ourselves and just need guidance to do so. I primarily use somatic therapies, working with the nervous system. You will be supported in effectively identifying and addressing beliefs and behaviors that sabotage your efforts to make the changes you desire. You will be given the tools to find peace and freedom in your life and achieve your goals.
Do you sometimes feel you are not good enough? Do you have challenges in your life and continue to repeat patterns that don't give you what you want? Or maybe you walk around through life with guilt and shame. I believe we all possess the ability to heal ourselves and just need guidance to do so. I primarily use somatic therapies, working with the nervous system. You will be supported in effectively identifying and addressing beliefs and behaviors that sabotage your efforts to make the changes you desire. You will be given the tools to find peace and freedom in your life and achieve your goals.
(520) 349-0707 View (520) 349-0707
Photo of Edna Cecilia Rosas-Gutierrez, MSc, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Edna Cecilia Rosas-Gutierrez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Sierra Vista, AZ 85635
I am a licensed counselor with 18 years of experience. I am fully bilingual -English and Spanish- as well as bicultural. I provide therapeutic services to forensic clients as well as clients who present with mood disorders, grief and loss, and sexual addictions. I provide services to adult clients.
I am a licensed counselor with 18 years of experience. I am fully bilingual -English and Spanish- as well as bicultural. I provide therapeutic services to forensic clients as well as clients who present with mood disorders, grief and loss, and sexual addictions. I provide services to adult clients.
(520) 348-3260 View (520) 348-3260
Photo of Rowena S Laino - Insight Counseling & Wellness Arizona LLC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Insight Counseling & Wellness Arizona LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Imagine your ideal self, free from the burdens of depression, anxiety, or relationship struggles. Are sleepless nights, irritability, or trauma holding you back? In therapy, you can discover effective coping strategies tailored to your unique circumstances. Together, we'll harness your strengths to create actionable solutions, utilizing proven, evidence-based approaches that align with your goals. This journey will empower you with lifelong skills for a better life and help you understand the roots of your challenges. Let’s unlock your potential and pave the way for lasting change. You deserve to thrive.
Imagine your ideal self, free from the burdens of depression, anxiety, or relationship struggles. Are sleepless nights, irritability, or trauma holding you back? In therapy, you can discover effective coping strategies tailored to your unique circumstances. Together, we'll harness your strengths to create actionable solutions, utilizing proven, evidence-based approaches that align with your goals. This journey will empower you with lifelong skills for a better life and help you understand the roots of your challenges. Let’s unlock your potential and pave the way for lasting change. You deserve to thrive.
(623) 294-8834 View (623) 294-8834
Photo of Carlton F. Perk Clark, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carlton F. Perk Clark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
You are on the right track: seeking out assistants, allies. Kind of depressed? Anxious? Troubles in your relationship? Feeling alienated or a loss of direction? There are lots of ways to describe it, and initially that's all I'll ask you to do. You'll have the freedom of a confidential discussion and a trained professional to help illuminate issues, set goals, and pursue your concerns. You may want insight into your situation. You may want tools. You certainly want results, and to develop some capacities that you haven't seen for a while. That works for me. And I offer clinical supervision to other therapists as well.
You are on the right track: seeking out assistants, allies. Kind of depressed? Anxious? Troubles in your relationship? Feeling alienated or a loss of direction? There are lots of ways to describe it, and initially that's all I'll ask you to do. You'll have the freedom of a confidential discussion and a trained professional to help illuminate issues, set goals, and pursue your concerns. You may want insight into your situation. You may want tools. You certainly want results, and to develop some capacities that you haven't seen for a while. That works for me. And I offer clinical supervision to other therapists as well.
(520) 433-9132 View (520) 433-9132
Photo of Maria Greer, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maria Greer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My therapy practice is focused on developing client’s strengths, helping them navigate their environment. I provide support and compassion to create a safe space for individuals to address personal challenges. I can assist in the development of a personal tool kit with coping skills to manage the day-to-day stress.
My therapy practice is focused on developing client’s strengths, helping them navigate their environment. I provide support and compassion to create a safe space for individuals to address personal challenges. I can assist in the development of a personal tool kit with coping skills to manage the day-to-day stress.
(623) 624-7893 View (623) 624-7893
Photo of Shelly Myers, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shelly Myers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sierra Vista, AZ 85635
I am a part of the Help and Hope Counseling team. I can see clients in person at the Mesa office location or I'm available statewide via Telehealth. My background is in Child Welfare where I've had the opportunity to serve one of Arizona's most vulnerable populations for 5+ years. Life is a journey that takes us down many roads, some lead to beautiful destinations, others to those pesky turnarounds and occasionally, we find ourselves spinning our wheels. Feeling stuck? I can help! Together we can get you back on track toward the places you want to go. As a Licensed Master Social Worker, I've worked with people in all walks of life.
I am a part of the Help and Hope Counseling team. I can see clients in person at the Mesa office location or I'm available statewide via Telehealth. My background is in Child Welfare where I've had the opportunity to serve one of Arizona's most vulnerable populations for 5+ years. Life is a journey that takes us down many roads, some lead to beautiful destinations, others to those pesky turnarounds and occasionally, we find ourselves spinning our wheels. Feeling stuck? I can help! Together we can get you back on track toward the places you want to go. As a Licensed Master Social Worker, I've worked with people in all walks of life.
(602) 341-3495 View (602) 341-3495
Photo of Jennifer O'Neill, LAC, NCC, Counselor
Jennifer O'Neill
Counselor, LAC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sierra Vista, AZ 85613
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes life brings challenges which become opportunities to grow and change. It can catch one off guard and may cause disillusion. When that happens, we seek answers, resolutions or someone for validation. As a psychotherapist, I am fortunate to witness miracles everyday with my clients. The smallest step forward is still a miracle. It takes courage to take the smallest step.
Sometimes life brings challenges which become opportunities to grow and change. It can catch one off guard and may cause disillusion. When that happens, we seek answers, resolutions or someone for validation. As a psychotherapist, I am fortunate to witness miracles everyday with my clients. The smallest step forward is still a miracle. It takes courage to take the smallest step.
(520) 582-9401 View (520) 582-9401
Photo of Christopher J Wenner, PhD, Psychologist
Christopher J Wenner
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello there! Call me Chris (he/him). I am available to all of Arizona via Telehealth (video). As a licensed clinical psychologist I offer a compassionate, empirically supported therapeutic approach that centers on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). I am available to address many concerns, including anxiety, worry, trauma, stress, sadness, grief, adjustment difficulties, behavioral problems, relationship difficulties, sleep and sex. I always individualize therapy with warmth, understanding and a dash of good humor.
Hello there! Call me Chris (he/him). I am available to all of Arizona via Telehealth (video). As a licensed clinical psychologist I offer a compassionate, empirically supported therapeutic approach that centers on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). I am available to address many concerns, including anxiety, worry, trauma, stress, sadness, grief, adjustment difficulties, behavioral problems, relationship difficulties, sleep and sex. I always individualize therapy with warmth, understanding and a dash of good humor.
(520) 279-6686 View (520) 279-6686
Photo of Stephanie McInelly, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Stephanie McInelly
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Sierra Vista, AZ 85635
Life has gotten hard enough that you’re finally reaching out for support. You’ve been looking into counseling for a while now and you know finding the right counselor is essential. You’ve skimmed a few therapists' profiles, but no one seems like the right fit. You want someone that understands your fears and worries. Someone who gets it when you share your uncertainties about your partner being “the one” for you. You are asking for support, clarity and connection to the world around you. Connection is important to you, and it's important to me too.
Life has gotten hard enough that you’re finally reaching out for support. You’ve been looking into counseling for a while now and you know finding the right counselor is essential. You’ve skimmed a few therapists' profiles, but no one seems like the right fit. You want someone that understands your fears and worries. Someone who gets it when you share your uncertainties about your partner being “the one” for you. You are asking for support, clarity and connection to the world around you. Connection is important to you, and it's important to me too.
(509) 581-5437 View (509) 581-5437
Photo of Meg Kelly, MSW
Meg Kelly
MSW
Verified Verified
Sierra Vista, AZ 85650
Feeling alone? Need someone to talk to who just speaks plain english? Are you trying to sort your life out? Do you feel like no one is listening, that nobody understands what you are going through? Call me. I have been a counselor, healer, artist and listener for 30 years. There are lots of people just like you that need a listening ear and some reasonable feedback. I am not going to tell you what to do. We will figure that out together. You can bring some life back into your life.
Feeling alone? Need someone to talk to who just speaks plain english? Are you trying to sort your life out? Do you feel like no one is listening, that nobody understands what you are going through? Call me. I have been a counselor, healer, artist and listener for 30 years. There are lots of people just like you that need a listening ear and some reasonable feedback. I am not going to tell you what to do. We will figure that out together. You can bring some life back into your life.
(520) 402-3392 View (520) 402-3392
Photo of Thomas Gray, MS, LAC, Counselor
Thomas Gray
Counselor, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
Sierra Vista, AZ 85635
I want to acknowledge how difficult it can be to take this first step and commend you for seeking assistance. This process can be a daunting undertaking that can add to existing anxiety and stress in your life. Each of us inhabits a unique and complex world both internally and externally. You know what your life experiences have been like better than anyone. This is where your expertise and mine come together to find a way through the struggle. You are the expert of your life and I am trained in the art and science of helping. My approach is one of curiosity and openness.
I want to acknowledge how difficult it can be to take this first step and commend you for seeking assistance. This process can be a daunting undertaking that can add to existing anxiety and stress in your life. Each of us inhabits a unique and complex world both internally and externally. You know what your life experiences have been like better than anyone. This is where your expertise and mine come together to find a way through the struggle. You are the expert of your life and I am trained in the art and science of helping. My approach is one of curiosity and openness.
(520) 839-4554 View (520) 839-4554
Photo of Mona Rivera - Sierra Counseling and Consulting, PLLC , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sierra Counseling and Consulting, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you ready to make positive changes in your life? I specialize in women's mental health across all stages, from young adult through midlife and beyond. As a certified EMDR therapist, Licensed Professional Counselor, Marriage and Family Therapist, Integrative Health Coach, and Yoga Instructor, I offer a unique, holistic approach that connects mind, body, and spirit. In our work together, you'll find a safe, empathetic space where we focus on your strengths and build resilience. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, stress, trauma, or life transitions, I’m here to support you with evidence-based strategies and compassionate care.
Are you ready to make positive changes in your life? I specialize in women's mental health across all stages, from young adult through midlife and beyond. As a certified EMDR therapist, Licensed Professional Counselor, Marriage and Family Therapist, Integrative Health Coach, and Yoga Instructor, I offer a unique, holistic approach that connects mind, body, and spirit. In our work together, you'll find a safe, empathetic space where we focus on your strengths and build resilience. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, stress, trauma, or life transitions, I’m here to support you with evidence-based strategies and compassionate care.
(520) 650-6987 View (520) 650-6987
Photo of E Jean DuBose - The Place of Healing | E Jean DuBose, LCSW, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
The Place of Healing | E Jean DuBose, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Psychotherapy, from its Greek origin, means to tend or render service to the soul or life spirit. My goal is to assist you to find that quiet place within you, your soul or life spirit, where your healing begins. From this source, you have the opportunity to transform your life. Couples can learn to truly know and accept one another and take their relationship to a higher level. Many of my clients describe me as warm and intuitive and believe that I am able to get to the core of their issues in a relatively short time.
Psychotherapy, from its Greek origin, means to tend or render service to the soul or life spirit. My goal is to assist you to find that quiet place within you, your soul or life spirit, where your healing begins. From this source, you have the opportunity to transform your life. Couples can learn to truly know and accept one another and take their relationship to a higher level. Many of my clients describe me as warm and intuitive and believe that I am able to get to the core of their issues in a relatively short time.
(520) 254-4970 View (520) 254-4970
Photo of Charlene Hatton, ATR-BC, LPAT, RBT, MEd, Art Therapist
Charlene Hatton
Art Therapist, ATR-BC, LPAT, RBT, MEd
Verified Verified
Online Only
I'm here to support you on your journey towards emotional well-being and personal growth. I work with adults and couples to address a wide range of challenges including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and other interpersonal issues. I use a person centered approach along with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and expressive therapy techniques.
I'm here to support you on your journey towards emotional well-being and personal growth. I work with adults and couples to address a wide range of challenges including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and other interpersonal issues. I use a person centered approach along with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and expressive therapy techniques.
(520) 650-5534 View (520) 650-5534
Photo of Heidi K Bruder, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heidi K Bruder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Sierra Vista, AZ 85613
Hi, I'm Heidi. Thanks for stopping by! If you are here, you are likely seeking out a therapist that would be the right fit for you. If you are looking for someone who is authentic, empathetic, and often funny, then I just might be the one. My approach to therapy is rooted in creating a safe environment and building trust with my clients. With this foundation true healing through psychotherapy can occur. I am humbled to have the honor and privilege to come alongside my clients and support them in their healing journey.
Hi, I'm Heidi. Thanks for stopping by! If you are here, you are likely seeking out a therapist that would be the right fit for you. If you are looking for someone who is authentic, empathetic, and often funny, then I just might be the one. My approach to therapy is rooted in creating a safe environment and building trust with my clients. With this foundation true healing through psychotherapy can occur. I am humbled to have the honor and privilege to come alongside my clients and support them in their healing journey.
(520) 422-7308 View (520) 422-7308

See more therapy options for Hereford

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Hereford, AZ

< 10

Therapists in Hereford, AZ who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
67% Depression
67% Family Conflict
67% Veterans
33% Relationship Issues
33% Child

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
50% Holman Group

How Therapists in Hereford, AZ see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Hereford?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.