Photo of Catherine Burke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Virginia
Catherine Burke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Falls Church, VA 22042
Our clinicians are trauma-informed and stay on the cutting edge of developments in the treatment of trauma experience and attachment-based story work.
As a psychotherapist, it's an honor to work alongside clients to remove barriers to living a full life. At Curo, we inspire people to form lives and communities of freedom, empowerment, and creativity. Our intention is to cultivate a safe therapeutic relationship and provide practical skills and interventions that support our clients' goals. We strive to be approachable and empathetic with a warm presentation that is welcoming and reassuring. We enjoy providing new insights and concepts to our clients that foster growth and encourage positivity.
Our clinicians are trauma-informed and stay on the cutting edge of developments in the treatment of trauma experience and attachment-based story work.
As a psychotherapist, it's an honor to work alongside clients to remove barriers to living a full life. At Curo, we inspire people to form lives and communities of freedom, empowerment, and creativity. Our intention is to cultivate a safe therapeutic relationship and provide practical skills and interventions that support our clients' goals. We strive to be approachable and empathetic with a warm presentation that is welcoming and reassuring. We enjoy providing new insights and concepts to our clients that foster growth and encourage positivity.
(571) 496-8578 View (571) 496-8578
Photo of Maren Ward, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Virginia
Maren Ward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Therapy is a great gift to yourself. The connection provided in a safe, therapeutic relationship is healing. I encourage self exploration to find and heal wounds that are blocking one's own self-love and connection to the authentic self that feels true and right. I provide a gentle, accepting presence to join you on your journey toward increased life satisfaction. I enjoy working with adults struggling with life transitions, anxiety, shame, depression, anger and grief or just feeling stuck.
Therapy is a great gift to yourself. The connection provided in a safe, therapeutic relationship is healing. I encourage self exploration to find and heal wounds that are blocking one's own self-love and connection to the authentic self that feels true and right. I provide a gentle, accepting presence to join you on your journey toward increased life satisfaction. I enjoy working with adults struggling with life transitions, anxiety, shame, depression, anger and grief or just feeling stuck.
(434) 448-8236 View (434) 448-8236
Photo of Mary C. Ray, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Virginia
Mary C. Ray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW, SEP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Waitlist for new clients
People come to see me to enhance life. Things are going ok however self care needs improvement. They are having difficulty in relationships with themselves and others, reacting instead of responding. They are willing to examine and work to improve physical, emotional, sexual, social, spiritual and intellectual aspects of life, hoping to improve self and co regulation. Often they are aware of past or current trauma interfering with their capacity to attach, establish new ways/patterns of living life to enhance the future. In practice at my current location since 1990.
People come to see me to enhance life. Things are going ok however self care needs improvement. They are having difficulty in relationships with themselves and others, reacting instead of responding. They are willing to examine and work to improve physical, emotional, sexual, social, spiritual and intellectual aspects of life, hoping to improve self and co regulation. Often they are aware of past or current trauma interfering with their capacity to attach, establish new ways/patterns of living life to enhance the future. In practice at my current location since 1990.
(703) 291-3406 View (703) 291-3406
Photo of Katrina Taschman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Virginia
Katrina Taschman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
I value doing deep, attachment-based work that gets at the root of your struggles. Whether I am working with individuals, couples, or families, my goal is to help people feel less burdened by negativity and more connected with themselves and their loved ones. I can help you access the parts of you that need attention and healing so you can develop more self-trust, resolve internal conflicts, integrate past trauma, and show up more authentically in your relationships.
I value doing deep, attachment-based work that gets at the root of your struggles. Whether I am working with individuals, couples, or families, my goal is to help people feel less burdened by negativity and more connected with themselves and their loved ones. I can help you access the parts of you that need attention and healing so you can develop more self-trust, resolve internal conflicts, integrate past trauma, and show up more authentically in your relationships.
(571) 200-7005 View (571) 200-7005
Photo of Rachel Weaver, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia
Rachel Weaver
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
I am EMDR trained and also use IFS/parts work, DBT, and an attachment-based framework.
Hi, I’m Rachel. I believe that everyone has the capacity for healing. My goal as a therapist is to help you find safety and stability within yourself and in the world around you. I provide a warm, nonjudgmental approach to support adults and college-aged adults, teens, and children in managing life and relationship stress, anxiety, depression, school issues, and trauma. My work with clients often includes exploring how present challenges are connected to our past experiences.
I am EMDR trained and also use IFS/parts work, DBT, and an attachment-based framework.
Hi, I’m Rachel. I believe that everyone has the capacity for healing. My goal as a therapist is to help you find safety and stability within yourself and in the world around you. I provide a warm, nonjudgmental approach to support adults and college-aged adults, teens, and children in managing life and relationship stress, anxiety, depression, school issues, and trauma. My work with clients often includes exploring how present challenges are connected to our past experiences.
(434) 322-9791 View (434) 322-9791
Photo of Open Heart Counseling, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Virginia
Open Heart Counseling, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Annandale, VA 22003
If building understanding, trust and more loving relationships is your goal, then this attachment based mindful approach is the process for you. Imagine waking each day feeling more connected, more alive, and more secure in being your authentic self. It's easier than you think. One must only be willing to feel their repressed feelings. Are you or or your child operating with anxiety, OCD, adjustment disorders, addictions, recurrent or difficult behavior patterns? Go from striving to thriving and manifest positive outcomes. With cutting edge tools, you are able to let go of old behavior patterns and adopt new ones.
If building understanding, trust and more loving relationships is your goal, then this attachment based mindful approach is the process for you. Imagine waking each day feeling more connected, more alive, and more secure in being your authentic self. It's easier than you think. One must only be willing to feel their repressed feelings. Are you or or your child operating with anxiety, OCD, adjustment disorders, addictions, recurrent or difficult behavior patterns? Go from striving to thriving and manifest positive outcomes. With cutting edge tools, you are able to let go of old behavior patterns and adopt new ones.
(703) 348-9228 View (703) 348-9228
Photo of Melissa Callahan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Virginia
Melissa Callahan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Limited Openings Available - I am a attachment-based, relational therapist. In our work together, I will show up with curiosity, empathy, warmth and a touch of humor. To ensure you receive the best treatment, I lean on frameworks proven through research to be effective in growth and healing. I am a Certified Emotionally Focused Therapist (EFT), dedicated to creating deeper emotional bonds and lasting change in relationships. EFT is an empirically-validated model also proven to be effective in working with couples and individuals. I also utilize self-compassion techniques and Internal Family Systems as my foundational framework.
Limited Openings Available - I am a attachment-based, relational therapist. In our work together, I will show up with curiosity, empathy, warmth and a touch of humor. To ensure you receive the best treatment, I lean on frameworks proven through research to be effective in growth and healing. I am a Certified Emotionally Focused Therapist (EFT), dedicated to creating deeper emotional bonds and lasting change in relationships. EFT is an empirically-validated model also proven to be effective in working with couples and individuals. I also utilize self-compassion techniques and Internal Family Systems as my foundational framework.
(703) 293-5023 View (703) 293-5023
Photo of Diana Grigera, Pre-Licensed Professional in Virginia
Diana Grigera
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MSW
Verified Verified
As a therapist, I am driven by a deep passion for helping clients overcome obstacles and nurture their inner strengths. Through a warm and collaborative therapeutic approach, I empower clients to gain greater awareness and self-understanding, cultivating and developing skills for personal growth. I firmly believe that seeking support holds the potential for transformative change.
As a therapist, I am driven by a deep passion for helping clients overcome obstacles and nurture their inner strengths. Through a warm and collaborative therapeutic approach, I empower clients to gain greater awareness and self-understanding, cultivating and developing skills for personal growth. I firmly believe that seeking support holds the potential for transformative change.
(434) 214-9574 View (434) 214-9574
Photo of Ryan Napolitano, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia
Ryan Napolitano
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
I'm experienced in both modern and historical approaches; psychodynamic, attachment-based, internal family systems, addiction, and psychosynthesis.
When we feel stuck in our lives, for weeks, or years, it can take a toll on us in ways we may not see. Time passes and we don't feel any further in our life. We're left feeling exhausted and alone in our pain. My name is Ryan, and I provide therapy for people who are looking to break free. Whether it's poor relationships, anxiety, depression, substance or process addictions, trauma, or a desire to deepen their connection with others, I help my clients find strength, flexibility, and compassion, returning themselves to the feeling of being whole.
I'm experienced in both modern and historical approaches; psychodynamic, attachment-based, internal family systems, addiction, and psychosynthesis.
When we feel stuck in our lives, for weeks, or years, it can take a toll on us in ways we may not see. Time passes and we don't feel any further in our life. We're left feeling exhausted and alone in our pain. My name is Ryan, and I provide therapy for people who are looking to break free. Whether it's poor relationships, anxiety, depression, substance or process addictions, trauma, or a desire to deepen their connection with others, I help my clients find strength, flexibility, and compassion, returning themselves to the feeling of being whole.
(571) 297-1834 View (571) 297-1834
Photo of The Relationship Center of Hampton Roads, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia
The Relationship Center of Hampton Roads
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMHC, NCC, DCMHS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Norfolk, VA 23518
No intimacy? Infidelity? Addiction? Relationships are complicated! We know how overwhelming and painful communication and other challenges that emerge in intimate relationships can be. We also know the potential for change, growth, and connection that is possible in working through these issues with professional support. We use techniques based on the cutting-edge of relationship and neuroscience research to help make sense of communication breakdowns and patterns of conflict. We are passionate about diversity and inclusion and provide care through a multicultural, attachment-based, gender-affirmative, and trauma-informed lens.
No intimacy? Infidelity? Addiction? Relationships are complicated! We know how overwhelming and painful communication and other challenges that emerge in intimate relationships can be. We also know the potential for change, growth, and connection that is possible in working through these issues with professional support. We use techniques based on the cutting-edge of relationship and neuroscience research to help make sense of communication breakdowns and patterns of conflict. We are passionate about diversity and inclusion and provide care through a multicultural, attachment-based, gender-affirmative, and trauma-informed lens.
(757) 517-3938 View (757) 517-3938
Photo of Kindred Tree Healing Center, llc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Virginia
Kindred Tree Healing Center, llc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
At Kindred Tree Healing Center, we provide holistic psychotherapy, yoga, reiki, and other healing based services. We help individuals overcome trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, and other life stressors. We operate from an attachment based lens, and are a social justice allied practice.
At Kindred Tree Healing Center, we provide holistic psychotherapy, yoga, reiki, and other healing based services. We help individuals overcome trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, and other life stressors. We operate from an attachment based lens, and are a social justice allied practice.
(571) 424-1189 View (571) 424-1189
Photo of Dr. Kelly Kit, Psychologist in Virginia
Dr. Kelly Kit
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Ashburn, VA 20147
Dr. Kelly Kit, Psy.D. is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who specializes in working with adolescents and adults. Since 2010, she has provided individual, group, and family therapy. She practices from a strength's based approach, utilizing insight-based therapy along with cognitive-behavioral techniques to promote growth in clients. Dr. Kit takes an integrative approach to therapy in order to meet each client's needs by using solution-focused, multi-cultural, attachment-based, and client-centered therapies.
Dr. Kelly Kit, Psy.D. is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who specializes in working with adolescents and adults. Since 2010, she has provided individual, group, and family therapy. She practices from a strength's based approach, utilizing insight-based therapy along with cognitive-behavioral techniques to promote growth in clients. Dr. Kit takes an integrative approach to therapy in order to meet each client's needs by using solution-focused, multi-cultural, attachment-based, and client-centered therapies.
(571) 350-3338 View (571) 350-3338
Photo of James J Kasten, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia
James J Kasten
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
My role as a counselor is to provide you with a secure, empathetic, and encouraging space where you can heal and develop. I firmly believe in merging trauma-informed and attachment-based principles with a Christian perspective, to create a comprehensive approach to counseling that addresses your needs on multiple levels. Deciding to use my services is a courageous and proactive step towards prioritizing your mental and emotional well-being in your life. I am here to accompany you on this journey of self-discovery, offering constant support and guidance as you strive towards a more joyful and satisfying life.
My role as a counselor is to provide you with a secure, empathetic, and encouraging space where you can heal and develop. I firmly believe in merging trauma-informed and attachment-based principles with a Christian perspective, to create a comprehensive approach to counseling that addresses your needs on multiple levels. Deciding to use my services is a courageous and proactive step towards prioritizing your mental and emotional well-being in your life. I am here to accompany you on this journey of self-discovery, offering constant support and guidance as you strive towards a more joyful and satisfying life.
(804) 626-9130 View (804) 626-9130
Photo of Mind Chronicles Therapeutic Services LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia
Mind Chronicles Therapeutic Services LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Life is an amazing journey but occasionally we encounter many bumps in the road and we lose sight of some of life’s beautiful blessings. These obstacles can be very challenging to manage in the moment, but it is within our darkest moments; where we discover our light. My name is Najah Dail and I am a licensed professional counselor in the state of Virginia (LPC). I primarily work with adolescents and young adults who are dealing with issues such as trauma/PTSD, anxiety, mood disorders, ADHD, anger/stress Management, self-image and self-Esteem, depression, emotional regulation, foster care/adoption and grief.
Life is an amazing journey but occasionally we encounter many bumps in the road and we lose sight of some of life’s beautiful blessings. These obstacles can be very challenging to manage in the moment, but it is within our darkest moments; where we discover our light. My name is Najah Dail and I am a licensed professional counselor in the state of Virginia (LPC). I primarily work with adolescents and young adults who are dealing with issues such as trauma/PTSD, anxiety, mood disorders, ADHD, anger/stress Management, self-image and self-Esteem, depression, emotional regulation, foster care/adoption and grief.
(571) 378-5012 View (571) 378-5012
Photo of Rachel Hoover, Marriage & Family Therapist in Virginia
Rachel Hoover
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Crozet, VA 22932
Depending on clients’ needs, I draw from attachment-based and trauma-informed therapy models, as well as cognitive-behavioral therapy models, to find balance between skill-building in the present and fostering insight into how past experiences impact current issues.
I provide therapy to teenagers, adults, and couples who have diverse reasons for seeking therapy, including mental health support, personal growth, and conflict and communication issues. I especially enjoy working with individuals who want support for managing anxiety, for navigating the significant life changes that come with adolescence, the transition to college, and young adulthood, and for developing self-esteem and more positive relationships with food, eating, and their body. My hope is that the work we do together will help you in better understanding yourself and feeling empowered to make meaningful changes in your life.
Depending on clients’ needs, I draw from attachment-based and trauma-informed therapy models, as well as cognitive-behavioral therapy models, to find balance between skill-building in the present and fostering insight into how past experiences impact current issues.
I provide therapy to teenagers, adults, and couples who have diverse reasons for seeking therapy, including mental health support, personal growth, and conflict and communication issues. I especially enjoy working with individuals who want support for managing anxiety, for navigating the significant life changes that come with adolescence, the transition to college, and young adulthood, and for developing self-esteem and more positive relationships with food, eating, and their body. My hope is that the work we do together will help you in better understanding yourself and feeling empowered to make meaningful changes in your life.
(757) 693-4708 View (757) 693-4708
Photo of Autumn McCain, Marriage & Family Therapist in Virginia
Autumn McCain
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
We work from a systemic attachment-based framework and have advanced training in Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT).
You are always enough regardless. Just show up as you are; it is okay and welcomed. This is a place of gentleness, empathy, compassion, and authenticity. We are here to both figuratively and literally walk alongside you in your therapy journey either as an individual, couple, or family. Here it is not about what is wrong with you; it is about what has happened to you OR about the negative cycle that you have been stuck in. We make sense of it together. Mutually, we make sense of the brokenness, the pain, the relational distress. All behavior has context and fractures in relationships can be healed.
We work from a systemic attachment-based framework and have advanced training in Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT).
You are always enough regardless. Just show up as you are; it is okay and welcomed. This is a place of gentleness, empathy, compassion, and authenticity. We are here to both figuratively and literally walk alongside you in your therapy journey either as an individual, couple, or family. Here it is not about what is wrong with you; it is about what has happened to you OR about the negative cycle that you have been stuck in. We make sense of it together. Mutually, we make sense of the brokenness, the pain, the relational distress. All behavior has context and fractures in relationships can be healed.
(571) 789-2263 View (571) 789-2263
Photo of Ethan Richardson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Virginia
Ethan Richardson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
I am a clinician at The Downtown Counseling Center, where I also serve as executive director, and previously provided attachment-based family therapy at the Mary Ainsworth Attachment Clinic.
No matter who you are, life is hard. The difficulties of day-to-day life often put us in a bind: On one hand, the stressors are too big and too painful to ignore. And yet, while we may wish for and even utilize the support of those around us, for a whole host of reasons, we often resort to going it alone. In these moments, therapy can be a promising new option: a confidential relationship rooted in honesty, understanding, and compassion. It is my belief that such a relationship can provide a fresh start: a new orientation towards our problems and a new way of experiencing the world we live in.
I am a clinician at The Downtown Counseling Center, where I also serve as executive director, and previously provided attachment-based family therapy at the Mary Ainsworth Attachment Clinic.
No matter who you are, life is hard. The difficulties of day-to-day life often put us in a bind: On one hand, the stressors are too big and too painful to ignore. And yet, while we may wish for and even utilize the support of those around us, for a whole host of reasons, we often resort to going it alone. In these moments, therapy can be a promising new option: a confidential relationship rooted in honesty, understanding, and compassion. It is my belief that such a relationship can provide a fresh start: a new orientation towards our problems and a new way of experiencing the world we live in.
(434) 201-7393 View (434) 201-7393
Photo of Allison P O'Grady, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Virginia
Allison P O'Grady
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
In my practice, I offer adult and couples therapy, specializing in trauma, anxiety, loss, and relationship distress. I collaborate with individuals and couples who experiences fear, sadness, anger, and disconnection who seek a pathway to healing, greater emotional connection, and sense of well being. I utilize evidence-based therapies, including attachment-based, mindfulness, trauma-informed, and emotionally-focused approaches. I incorporate somatic & sensorimotor strategies, IFS, & EMDR to help heal trauma. My style is calm, non-judgmental, & interactive. I value the opportunity to partner with clients on their journey.
In my practice, I offer adult and couples therapy, specializing in trauma, anxiety, loss, and relationship distress. I collaborate with individuals and couples who experiences fear, sadness, anger, and disconnection who seek a pathway to healing, greater emotional connection, and sense of well being. I utilize evidence-based therapies, including attachment-based, mindfulness, trauma-informed, and emotionally-focused approaches. I incorporate somatic & sensorimotor strategies, IFS, & EMDR to help heal trauma. My style is calm, non-judgmental, & interactive. I value the opportunity to partner with clients on their journey.
(434) 595-3644 View (434) 595-3644
Photo of Emma Hacker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Virginia
Emma Hacker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22307  (Online Only)
I utilize attachment-based, trauma-informed, strengths-based, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral (CBT), mindfulness, executive functioning (EF) skill training, and dialectical behavioral (DBT) approaches to therapy.
I am a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) with 15 years of experience in behavioral healthcare. I see adults (18+) with anxiety, depression, ADHD, and trauma related disorders. I have collaborated with clients to adjust to life transitions, improve personal relationships, grieve the loss of loved ones, build a more robust social life, manage workplace stressors, build self-esteem, recover from trauma, and achieve a higher quality of life.
I utilize attachment-based, trauma-informed, strengths-based, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral (CBT), mindfulness, executive functioning (EF) skill training, and dialectical behavioral (DBT) approaches to therapy.
I am a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) with 15 years of experience in behavioral healthcare. I see adults (18+) with anxiety, depression, ADHD, and trauma related disorders. I have collaborated with clients to adjust to life transitions, improve personal relationships, grieve the loss of loved ones, build a more robust social life, manage workplace stressors, build self-esteem, recover from trauma, and achieve a higher quality of life.
(571) 517-2008 View (571) 517-2008
Photo of Deborah Sanders, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Virginia
Deborah Sanders
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Herndon, VA 20170  (Online Only)
I'm only seeing clients located in Virginia and fully virtual! I often work with parents who are preparing to bring a child into their family through adoption and those who have been a family for a long time who are struggling. Maybe becoming a parent through adoption was not what you expected. Maybe you are an adoptee yourself and struggling with things like feeling really guilty or wondering where you fit. My clients want to better understand themselves and their family dynamics to feel more whole and secure.
I'm only seeing clients located in Virginia and fully virtual! I often work with parents who are preparing to bring a child into their family through adoption and those who have been a family for a long time who are struggling. Maybe becoming a parent through adoption was not what you expected. Maybe you are an adoptee yourself and struggling with things like feeling really guilty or wondering where you fit. My clients want to better understand themselves and their family dynamics to feel more whole and secure.
(571) 556-1699 View (571) 556-1699
Attachment-based Therapists

Is attachment-based therapy the same as attachment therapy?

Attachment-based therapy may be confused with what is called “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy”), a discredited and dangerous approach to treating children with attachment disorders, autism, or other mental health concerns. Attachment therapy—not attachment-based therapy—may involve restraining a child, forcing eye contact, and other coercive or abusive techniques. None of these practices are used in attachment-based therapy and the two modalities are in no way related.

What should I expect from attachment-based therapy?

Attachment-based therapy is based on attachment theory, which posits that children’s early relationships with their caregivers strongly influence their ability to navigate the world later in life. Thus, adults who seek attachment-based therapy should expect to deeply explore their childhood, identifying the dynamics or experiences that disrupted their attachment and the steps necessary to overcome challenges that arose as a result. Parents and children should expect to explore the possible factors that disrupted the parent-child relationship and work toward restoring trust and connection.

How long does attachment-based therapy last?

Certain forms of attachment-based therapy, especially those designed for parents and children, last for a set number of sessions; for example, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up, a specific attachment-based approach for young children who have undergone early adversity, unfolds over 10 one-hour sessions. When attachment-based therapy is practiced on adults or combined with other modalities, it may not last a specific length of time; clients may wish to ask prospective therapists how long they expect treatment to take.

Does attachment-based therapy work?

Most of the research on attachment-based therapy focuses on children and adolescents. Some of this research shows a positive effect, especially for attachment-based family therapy (ABFT). Other studies, however, have found that attachment-based therapy is no more effective than other approaches to childhood depression, anxiety, or suicidality. Less is known about the therapy’s efficacy on adult populations.