Photo of Dr. Kinnari Birla, Psychologist in Pearland, TX
Dr. Kinnari Birla
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pearland, TX 77584  (Online Only)
There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you, as stated by Dr. Maya Angelou, resonates deeply with our mission at Elvive Psychological Services. Founded by Dr. Birla, our practice is dedicated to empowering individuals to have a voice. Our therapists act as catalysts in your journey, offering a safe and supportive environment to foster psychological flexibility amidst life's trials. Committed to inclusivity, we serve a diverse population with various emotional and behavioral challenges. Our clinical approaches are rooted in evidence-based and culturally sensitive care, customized to meet needs of each client.
There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you, as stated by Dr. Maya Angelou, resonates deeply with our mission at Elvive Psychological Services. Founded by Dr. Birla, our practice is dedicated to empowering individuals to have a voice. Our therapists act as catalysts in your journey, offering a safe and supportive environment to foster psychological flexibility amidst life's trials. Committed to inclusivity, we serve a diverse population with various emotional and behavioral challenges. Our clinical approaches are rooted in evidence-based and culturally sensitive care, customized to meet needs of each client.
(281) 949-6371 View (281) 949-6371
Photo of Erica Petree, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pearland, TX
Erica Petree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pearland, TX 77584
Your current situation does not define you. It's a bump in the road, a pit-stop to learn from. It takes a village and I am here to be a part of your village. My scope of competence is in trauma, postpartum, attachment, family conflict, anxiety, school/work related problems, parent education, parent-child conflict, divorce, co-parenting and depression. Don't let the pain and struggle of your present situation keep you from living your truth. I am licensed in Tennessee, Texas, California and Virginia. Offering in-person therapy in Tennessee and virtual to Tennessee, California, Texas and Virginia.
Your current situation does not define you. It's a bump in the road, a pit-stop to learn from. It takes a village and I am here to be a part of your village. My scope of competence is in trauma, postpartum, attachment, family conflict, anxiety, school/work related problems, parent education, parent-child conflict, divorce, co-parenting and depression. Don't let the pain and struggle of your present situation keep you from living your truth. I am licensed in Tennessee, Texas, California and Virginia. Offering in-person therapy in Tennessee and virtual to Tennessee, California, Texas and Virginia.
(423) 205-5757 View (423) 205-5757
Photo of Cindy Castillo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pearland, TX
Cindy Castillo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pearland, TX 77581
I have 20+ years of experience working in psychiatric hospitals, medical facilities, community health centers, pediatric clinics, schools, and residential treatment centers. I offered many years to working with children, adolescents, parents, and families through child protective services, rape crisis centers, shelters, neighborhood centers, and adoption centers. I am experienced in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders including PTSD, Depression, Trauma, Anxiety, & Psychosis including the management of other symptoms that stem from family/ relationship conflict, social difficulties, poor school performance, and violence/ abuse.
I have 20+ years of experience working in psychiatric hospitals, medical facilities, community health centers, pediatric clinics, schools, and residential treatment centers. I offered many years to working with children, adolescents, parents, and families through child protective services, rape crisis centers, shelters, neighborhood centers, and adoption centers. I am experienced in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders including PTSD, Depression, Trauma, Anxiety, & Psychosis including the management of other symptoms that stem from family/ relationship conflict, social difficulties, poor school performance, and violence/ abuse.
(346) 242-6663 View (346) 242-6663
Photo of Missouri City Family Counseling, Psychologist in Pearland, TX
Missouri City Family Counseling
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Pearland, TX 77584
We are a caring group of licensed mental health professionals who provide evidence-based mental health services. Our providers offer therapy and assessment services for clients of all ages. Our comfortable and inviting clinic serves Missouri City, Sienna, Sugar Land, Pearland, Fresno, Manvel and the surrounding areas. We enjoy giving back to our community through workshops, webinars, and collaboration with organizations that share our mission. We believe that healthy individuals contribute to healthy families, and healthy families can support individual growth.
We are a caring group of licensed mental health professionals who provide evidence-based mental health services. Our providers offer therapy and assessment services for clients of all ages. Our comfortable and inviting clinic serves Missouri City, Sienna, Sugar Land, Pearland, Fresno, Manvel and the surrounding areas. We enjoy giving back to our community through workshops, webinars, and collaboration with organizations that share our mission. We believe that healthy individuals contribute to healthy families, and healthy families can support individual growth.
(832) 906-7987 View (832) 906-7987
Photo of Paige Stafford Helms, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pearland, TX
Paige Stafford Helms
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Pearland, TX 77581
Waitlist for new clients
Life isn't simple and everyone has a story. I love working with the out of the box thinkers, empaths, and the weird and wonderful. I specialize in both trauma and neurodivergence. I approach Autism spectrum and ADHD as a way of being not disorders in need of "fixing". I also work with high acuity individuals who have a history of higher levels of care. I have extensive experience in working with teens and older experiencing Complex Trauma, Anxiety and Depression, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Eating disorders, psychosis, and self-injury. I am LGBTQIA+ affirming.
Life isn't simple and everyone has a story. I love working with the out of the box thinkers, empaths, and the weird and wonderful. I specialize in both trauma and neurodivergence. I approach Autism spectrum and ADHD as a way of being not disorders in need of "fixing". I also work with high acuity individuals who have a history of higher levels of care. I have extensive experience in working with teens and older experiencing Complex Trauma, Anxiety and Depression, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Eating disorders, psychosis, and self-injury. I am LGBTQIA+ affirming.
(281) 214-6220 View (281) 214-6220

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dr. Julie Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pearland, TX
Dr. Julie Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Friendswood, TX 77546  (Online Only)
My practice is primarily family therapy where multiple family members participate. The majority of the families I work with have at least one, if not many, of the following diagnoses: AD/HD, oppositional defiant disorder, selective mutism, learning disorders (dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, pragmatic communication, etc), social communication disorder, autism, anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, and/or bipolar disorder. I actively use Accelerated Resolution Therapy(ART) to help people gain relief from trauma and persistent unwanted thoughts. I also offer comprehensive reports for social security applications.
My practice is primarily family therapy where multiple family members participate. The majority of the families I work with have at least one, if not many, of the following diagnoses: AD/HD, oppositional defiant disorder, selective mutism, learning disorders (dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, pragmatic communication, etc), social communication disorder, autism, anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, and/or bipolar disorder. I actively use Accelerated Resolution Therapy(ART) to help people gain relief from trauma and persistent unwanted thoughts. I also offer comprehensive reports for social security applications.
(281) 519-2044 View (281) 519-2044
Photo of Jackie Sarager, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Pearland, TX
Jackie Sarager
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A, NCC
Verified Verified
Friendswood, TX 77546
Are you dealing with family of origin issues, childhood trauma, or family conflict? Are your current relationships struggling? Has anxiety or depression taken over a part of your life? Your experiences are real and your concerns are valid. Breaking the cycle is possible. As you navigate your journey, a facilitator is someone who makes travel easier, and that is how I see my role. My greatest strength is in connecting with my clients and creating a safe relationship to facilitate deep healing. I specialize in an approach to healing that builds overall wellness so you can feel your best.
Are you dealing with family of origin issues, childhood trauma, or family conflict? Are your current relationships struggling? Has anxiety or depression taken over a part of your life? Your experiences are real and your concerns are valid. Breaking the cycle is possible. As you navigate your journey, a facilitator is someone who makes travel easier, and that is how I see my role. My greatest strength is in connecting with my clients and creating a safe relationship to facilitate deep healing. I specialize in an approach to healing that builds overall wellness so you can feel your best.
(281) 324-8780 View (281) 324-8780
Photo of Aimee Roulaine Anderson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pearland, TX
Aimee Roulaine Anderson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Webster, TX 77598
Waitlist for new clients
The hardest and bravest step anyone can take is to reach out and ask for help. I am passionate about helping individuals and families overcome any challenge and move toward positive change. It is important for me to create a nonjudgmental and sensitive environment for each of my clients. My philosophy stems from the premise that every individual, couple, and family has strengths and capabilities that can be developed to help them attain and sustain a healthier lifestyle.
The hardest and bravest step anyone can take is to reach out and ask for help. I am passionate about helping individuals and families overcome any challenge and move toward positive change. It is important for me to create a nonjudgmental and sensitive environment for each of my clients. My philosophy stems from the premise that every individual, couple, and family has strengths and capabilities that can be developed to help them attain and sustain a healthier lifestyle.
(281) 394-4283 View (281) 394-4283
Photo of Kelly Johnson Pirtle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pearland, TX
Kelly Johnson Pirtle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Friendswood, TX 77546
My intention as a therapist is to support you in your exploration of ways to create an enriching and worthwhile life. My clients are often adjusting to difficult circumstances, looking to revamp their coping strategies, hoping to process stressful past events, and/or to improve their relationships with themself and others. I respect all coping strategies that have helped my clients survive, and find it important to reflect on the ways challenges show up in therapy in order to learn more helpful, resourcing ways to deal with life and relate to others in real time. I'm in-person in Lubbock and meet with folks online all over Texas.
My intention as a therapist is to support you in your exploration of ways to create an enriching and worthwhile life. My clients are often adjusting to difficult circumstances, looking to revamp their coping strategies, hoping to process stressful past events, and/or to improve their relationships with themself and others. I respect all coping strategies that have helped my clients survive, and find it important to reflect on the ways challenges show up in therapy in order to learn more helpful, resourcing ways to deal with life and relate to others in real time. I'm in-person in Lubbock and meet with folks online all over Texas.
(806) 583-3706 View (806) 583-3706
Photo of Kelley Walters, LPC-Associate in Pearland, TX
Kelley Walters
LPC-Associate, LPC A
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Friendswood, TX 77546
Are you looking for an “anything-but-typical” therapist? Have you struggled to find a therapist who connects with your neurodivergence, idiosyncrasies, or unconventional perspectives? You feel too much — or maybe not enough. Everyone says you're too much — or not enough. You might struggle with the parts of life that others seem to just take for granted, like meeting deadlines, eating without fear, enjoying time with friends, parenting without guilt or shame, looking in the mirror, making and keeping plans, paying bills on time, or controlling your anger over seemingly small things.
Are you looking for an “anything-but-typical” therapist? Have you struggled to find a therapist who connects with your neurodivergence, idiosyncrasies, or unconventional perspectives? You feel too much — or maybe not enough. Everyone says you're too much — or not enough. You might struggle with the parts of life that others seem to just take for granted, like meeting deadlines, eating without fear, enjoying time with friends, parenting without guilt or shame, looking in the mirror, making and keeping plans, paying bills on time, or controlling your anger over seemingly small things.
(281) 213-0277 View (281) 213-0277
Photo of Achieving Greatness Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pearland, TX
Achieving Greatness Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Webster, TX 77598
If you are anything like me when I was in my lowest place, I sought therapy. Nobody helped me identify the root, they only focused on the surface issues. It seemed to add more suffering on top of an already distraught situation. Suffering sucks! Life was made for living. I was tired of losing out because of what others had done to me or because I couldn’t get the solutions to my issues! If you are committed to your healing and recovery, I will take you through every step of the process to go from victim to victor! It is so exciting to be able to assist those who are tired of suffering and losing years and decades of their lives.
If you are anything like me when I was in my lowest place, I sought therapy. Nobody helped me identify the root, they only focused on the surface issues. It seemed to add more suffering on top of an already distraught situation. Suffering sucks! Life was made for living. I was tired of losing out because of what others had done to me or because I couldn’t get the solutions to my issues! If you are committed to your healing and recovery, I will take you through every step of the process to go from victim to victor! It is so exciting to be able to assist those who are tired of suffering and losing years and decades of their lives.
(281) 377-0743 View (281) 377-0743
The Center for PEACE, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT-S, LSOTP, LCDCI, LBSWIPR
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77061
Searching for PEACE?... We Have It. Imagine having the guidance to access Inner Peace, support for resolve and courage to embrace change. The Center for PEACE, PLLC will assist those desiring psychotherapy processing trauma, anxiety, depression, marital discord, addiction, play therapy and gender identify support. Our approach is to aid you through the journey of healing, mindfulness, insight and more importantly, peace. Let's us know when you are ready. We are here for you.
Searching for PEACE?... We Have It. Imagine having the guidance to access Inner Peace, support for resolve and courage to embrace change. The Center for PEACE, PLLC will assist those desiring psychotherapy processing trauma, anxiety, depression, marital discord, addiction, play therapy and gender identify support. Our approach is to aid you through the journey of healing, mindfulness, insight and more importantly, peace. Let's us know when you are ready. We are here for you.
(281) 816-4219 View (281) 816-4219
Photo of Dr. Karen S Roper, Psychologist in Pearland, TX
Dr. Karen S Roper
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Friendswood, TX 77549  (Online Only)
Anxiety and symptoms of depression are insidious. They have a way of invading every aspect of our lives leading to a feeling of overwhelming confusion and despair. Often, depression and symptoms of anxiety are pushed aside in an effort to ignore their effects. Ignoring the problem leads to difficulty identifying the real issues that need focus. I work with my patients from a place of health and happiness. We start by focusing on the future and desired outcomes. After setting goals for therapy, I will teach you effective methods and tools for relaxation and grounding. Goal attainment leads to real change and good mental health.
Anxiety and symptoms of depression are insidious. They have a way of invading every aspect of our lives leading to a feeling of overwhelming confusion and despair. Often, depression and symptoms of anxiety are pushed aside in an effort to ignore their effects. Ignoring the problem leads to difficulty identifying the real issues that need focus. I work with my patients from a place of health and happiness. We start by focusing on the future and desired outcomes. After setting goals for therapy, I will teach you effective methods and tools for relaxation and grounding. Goal attainment leads to real change and good mental health.
(281) 957-1871 View (281) 957-1871

Online Therapists

Photo of Maria Isabel Munoz LPC, LCDC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pearland, TX
Maria Isabel Munoz LPC, LCDC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , LCDC
Verified Verified
Deer Park, TX 77536  (Online Only)
I specialize in strengthening the child / guardian bond through an attachment-based approach.
Accepting New Clients: Life can be filled with many adversities; however, these challenges do not need to be faced alone. In fact, having a supportive, non-judgmental individual in your life who serves as a vessel to help navigate stressors can have remarkable transformational power. I work with all walks of life including toddlers, children, teens, adults, and families of diverse backgrounds and my focus in counseling is to empower my client's back to a place of balance and inner harmony. In addition, I speak Spanish.
I specialize in strengthening the child / guardian bond through an attachment-based approach.
Accepting New Clients: Life can be filled with many adversities; however, these challenges do not need to be faced alone. In fact, having a supportive, non-judgmental individual in your life who serves as a vessel to help navigate stressors can have remarkable transformational power. I work with all walks of life including toddlers, children, teens, adults, and families of diverse backgrounds and my focus in counseling is to empower my client's back to a place of balance and inner harmony. In addition, I speak Spanish.
(346) 910-7396 View (346) 910-7396
Photo of Judith Ordoñez-Rudel, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Pearland, TX
Judith Ordoñez-Rudel
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Magnolia, TX 77354
My approach combines client-centered, family systems, attachment-based, and cognitive behavioral techniques, supporting clients of all ages.
Parents invested in their child's well-being, seeking support for children's challenges like ADHD, depression, or anxiety is a population I specialize in. Additionally, adults facing their own mental health struggles find solace here. I offer tailored therapy for teens and adults, alongside parent consultations. My holistic approach fosters secure attachments, promotes family harmony, and supports individual growth and healing.
My approach combines client-centered, family systems, attachment-based, and cognitive behavioral techniques, supporting clients of all ages.
Parents invested in their child's well-being, seeking support for children's challenges like ADHD, depression, or anxiety is a population I specialize in. Additionally, adults facing their own mental health struggles find solace here. I offer tailored therapy for teens and adults, alongside parent consultations. My holistic approach fosters secure attachments, promotes family harmony, and supports individual growth and healing.
(281) 767-8789 View (281) 767-8789
Photo of Michelle Wolf, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pearland, TX
Michelle Wolf
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Kingwood, TX 77339
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor and have spent over 20 years collaborating therapeutically with individuals, families, and schools. My passion is to help people learn ways to capitalize on their strengths and provide support as clients set a path towards improved day-to-day functioning. I am devoted to creating a safe, nonjudgmental environment for healing. I am genuinely curious about the experiences, ideas, beliefs, and hopes clients bring. My theoretical orientation is integrated, pulling from person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, existential, and attachment-based methodologies. In addition, I am EMDR trained.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor and have spent over 20 years collaborating therapeutically with individuals, families, and schools. My passion is to help people learn ways to capitalize on their strengths and provide support as clients set a path towards improved day-to-day functioning. I am devoted to creating a safe, nonjudgmental environment for healing. I am genuinely curious about the experiences, ideas, beliefs, and hopes clients bring. My theoretical orientation is integrated, pulling from person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, existential, and attachment-based methodologies. In addition, I am EMDR trained.
(281) 709-2885 View (281) 709-2885
Photo of Toby Brans, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Pearland, TX
Toby Brans
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, NCC, LPC-A, CTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
The Woodlands, TX 77380
Imagine connecting with someone who truly gets you—their understanding transcending mere sympathy, reaching the depths of empathy. You seek a space where every thought and emotion is acknowledged, where your desire for meaningful relationships is recognized, and where your quest for a life filled with purpose is taken seriously. Our journey is about transforming overwhelming feelings into stepping stones towards self-discovery and fulfillment. Together, we'll explore personalized strategies that go beyond conventional approaches, focusing on what makes your life genuinely worth living. This is where your path to thriving begins.
Imagine connecting with someone who truly gets you—their understanding transcending mere sympathy, reaching the depths of empathy. You seek a space where every thought and emotion is acknowledged, where your desire for meaningful relationships is recognized, and where your quest for a life filled with purpose is taken seriously. Our journey is about transforming overwhelming feelings into stepping stones towards self-discovery and fulfillment. Together, we'll explore personalized strategies that go beyond conventional approaches, focusing on what makes your life genuinely worth living. This is where your path to thriving begins.
(936) 259-3027 View (936) 259-3027
Photo of Kelly Ann Moyal, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Pearland, TX
Kelly Ann Moyal
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77098
Do you feel disconnected in life and your relationships with loved ones? Are you in a neurodiverse relationship? Perhaps the stress of daily life and maintaining effective communication is weighing you down and giving you anxiety. Maybe you and your partner have different world views which has led to conflict and misunderstanding. Is this leaving you constantly tired and worried? Couples and families often struggle to stay connected with all that life throws at us.
Do you feel disconnected in life and your relationships with loved ones? Are you in a neurodiverse relationship? Perhaps the stress of daily life and maintaining effective communication is weighing you down and giving you anxiety. Maybe you and your partner have different world views which has led to conflict and misunderstanding. Is this leaving you constantly tired and worried? Couples and families often struggle to stay connected with all that life throws at us.
(281) 783-3850 View (281) 783-3850
Photo of Lisa McCormick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pearland, TX
Lisa McCormick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT, IMH-E ®, NCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Montgomery, TX 77356
We are all wired for connection. Your quality-of-life hinges on the relationships you have. Are you struggling to connect with your partner/child? Confused about what they needs to feel better? Or how to help them manage anxiety or trauma? Do you feel distant from your partner? Stuck in your own trauma? Is your family constantly fighting and parenting is stressful? Is your child/partner neurodivergent and you aren’t sure how to support their emotional/sensory needs? If any of these are you, I offer a safe space to help you connect to your partner or child and heal from past trauma that may be impacting your present relationships.
We are all wired for connection. Your quality-of-life hinges on the relationships you have. Are you struggling to connect with your partner/child? Confused about what they needs to feel better? Or how to help them manage anxiety or trauma? Do you feel distant from your partner? Stuck in your own trauma? Is your family constantly fighting and parenting is stressful? Is your child/partner neurodivergent and you aren’t sure how to support their emotional/sensory needs? If any of these are you, I offer a safe space to help you connect to your partner or child and heal from past trauma that may be impacting your present relationships.
(281) 645-5764 View (281) 645-5764
Photo of Rebecca A. Higgins, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pearland, TX
Rebecca A. Higgins
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
The Woodlands, TX 77381
I am passionate about helping individuals and families reach their unique, personal goals. I believe a client grows best when there is a positive therapeutic relationship built in a safe and non-judgmental atmosphere. Those who want to build interpersonal insight, increase self-awareness, and are willing to implement new skills will benefit most from therapy. The ability to visualize their desired outcome is an important part of the therapeutic journey for clients and is key in the redevelopment of their personal identity.
I am passionate about helping individuals and families reach their unique, personal goals. I believe a client grows best when there is a positive therapeutic relationship built in a safe and non-judgmental atmosphere. Those who want to build interpersonal insight, increase self-awareness, and are willing to implement new skills will benefit most from therapy. The ability to visualize their desired outcome is an important part of the therapeutic journey for clients and is key in the redevelopment of their personal identity.
(936) 226-0397 View (936) 226-0397
Attachment-based Therapists

Is attachment-based therapy the same as attachment therapy?

Attachment-based therapy may be confused with what is called “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy”), a discredited and dangerous approach to treating children with attachment disorders, autism, or other mental health concerns. Attachment therapy—not attachment-based therapy—may involve restraining a child, forcing eye contact, and other coercive or abusive techniques. None of these practices are used in attachment-based therapy and the two modalities are in no way related.

What should I expect from attachment-based therapy?

Attachment-based therapy is based on attachment theory, which posits that children’s early relationships with their caregivers strongly influence their ability to navigate the world later in life. Thus, adults who seek attachment-based therapy should expect to deeply explore their childhood, identifying the dynamics or experiences that disrupted their attachment and the steps necessary to overcome challenges that arose as a result. Parents and children should expect to explore the possible factors that disrupted the parent-child relationship and work toward restoring trust and connection.

How long does attachment-based therapy last?

Certain forms of attachment-based therapy, especially those designed for parents and children, last for a set number of sessions; for example, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up, a specific attachment-based approach for young children who have undergone early adversity, unfolds over 10 one-hour sessions. When attachment-based therapy is practiced on adults or combined with other modalities, it may not last a specific length of time; clients may wish to ask prospective therapists how long they expect treatment to take.

Does attachment-based therapy work?

Most of the research on attachment-based therapy focuses on children and adolescents. Some of this research shows a positive effect, especially for attachment-based family therapy (ABFT). Other studies, however, have found that attachment-based therapy is no more effective than other approaches to childhood depression, anxiety, or suicidality. Less is known about the therapy’s efficacy on adult populations.