Photo of Alexandra Frascino, Marriage & Family Therapist in Keller, TX
Alexandra Frascino
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Keller, TX 76262
I view therapy as a collaborative partnership to help promote you to the version of yourself that you wish to embody, while healing wounds along the way. I’m supportive yet direct and consistent in the work that we do. Together, we'll take an integrative and holistic approach to mental wellness to help you uncover what's holding you back, deepen your compassion for yourself, and take steps toward living in ine with your values and goals. I respect therapy as a personal journey of self discovery and growth, however it may unfold for you. I also work with a team of practitioners with other therapy specialities in Fort Worth.
I view therapy as a collaborative partnership to help promote you to the version of yourself that you wish to embody, while healing wounds along the way. I’m supportive yet direct and consistent in the work that we do. Together, we'll take an integrative and holistic approach to mental wellness to help you uncover what's holding you back, deepen your compassion for yourself, and take steps toward living in ine with your values and goals. I respect therapy as a personal journey of self discovery and growth, however it may unfold for you. I also work with a team of practitioners with other therapy specialities in Fort Worth.
(682) 688-3673 View (682) 688-3673

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Valinda Sue Zimmerman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Keller, TX
Valinda Sue Zimmerman
Licensed Professional Counselor, RN, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Bedford, TX 76021
Have you had a situation happen that has caused deep emotional or physical pain? Has the pain been pushing you to the breaking point? Pain can come in many forms both emotional and physical and the strategies we use to deal with it often make the problem worse rather than better. Are you unsure what to do or where to go? Is your desire to get out of the pain but you are afraid that it can't get better? I can tell you from experience that ignoring it doesn't help but I do know that there are lots of strategies to get through it. I’d like the opportunity to show you how to turn your breakdown into a BREAKTHROUGH!
Have you had a situation happen that has caused deep emotional or physical pain? Has the pain been pushing you to the breaking point? Pain can come in many forms both emotional and physical and the strategies we use to deal with it often make the problem worse rather than better. Are you unsure what to do or where to go? Is your desire to get out of the pain but you are afraid that it can't get better? I can tell you from experience that ignoring it doesn't help but I do know that there are lots of strategies to get through it. I’d like the opportunity to show you how to turn your breakdown into a BREAKTHROUGH!
(469) 210-0551 View (469) 210-0551
Photo of Shameela Keshavjee, Marriage & Family Therapist in Keller, TX
Shameela Keshavjee
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Southlake, TX 76092  (Online Only)
Is stress getting the best of you? Are you having trouble making decisions? Are your relationships suffering? When life feels overwhelming, it's hard to find the strength and wisdom to move forward. Maybe you know you deserve more from life, but you're not sure where to start. I would like to offer you the support you need to help you identify and remove the obstacles that keep you from achieving your goals.
Is stress getting the best of you? Are you having trouble making decisions? Are your relationships suffering? When life feels overwhelming, it's hard to find the strength and wisdom to move forward. Maybe you know you deserve more from life, but you're not sure where to start. I would like to offer you the support you need to help you identify and remove the obstacles that keep you from achieving your goals.
(214) 519-8720 View (214) 519-8720
Photo of Lauren Crowley Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Keller, TX
Lauren Crowley Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
North Richland Hills, TX 76182  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Not accepting new clients at this time! Virtual therapy in TX! Specializing in adult ADHD, relationship issues, family issues, abuse, men's mental health, and spirituality. If you're struggling to manage romantic relationships, dating, and/or family ties, I love helping others piece apart their family backgrounds in order to understand why connecting can be so difficult. If you'd like to show up as your authentic self in relationships, communicate better, and find fulfillment in life and love, we could be a great fit!
Not accepting new clients at this time! Virtual therapy in TX! Specializing in adult ADHD, relationship issues, family issues, abuse, men's mental health, and spirituality. If you're struggling to manage romantic relationships, dating, and/or family ties, I love helping others piece apart their family backgrounds in order to understand why connecting can be so difficult. If you'd like to show up as your authentic self in relationships, communicate better, and find fulfillment in life and love, we could be a great fit!
(682) 328-0146 View (682) 328-0146

Online Therapists

Photo of Rio Sana Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Keller, TX
Rio Sana Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75024
Accepting new clients! There's a reason they say "It takes a village to raise a child." Let's be honest, raising little humans is one of life's biggest challenges. I proudly serve children (3-17 yrs old) who may be struggling with big emotions & behaviors, developmental transitions, or child/adult mental health issues. Using a playful, client-centered & attachment-based approach, I can begin to understand & communicate with your child. I can actively support & guide them as s/he/they make sense of their feelings and behaviors.
Accepting new clients! There's a reason they say "It takes a village to raise a child." Let's be honest, raising little humans is one of life's biggest challenges. I proudly serve children (3-17 yrs old) who may be struggling with big emotions & behaviors, developmental transitions, or child/adult mental health issues. Using a playful, client-centered & attachment-based approach, I can begin to understand & communicate with your child. I can actively support & guide them as s/he/they make sense of their feelings and behaviors.
(956) 476-2905 View (956) 476-2905
Photo of Timilia T Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Keller, TX
Timilia T Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75231  (Online Only)
I believe that each of us is a multi-talented, multi-faceted, creative being of pure light and infinite potential! This being true, I know many of us have forgotten this long ago. I did! In forgetting who we truly are, we find ourselves trapped in limitation, living a life we do not really want but hoping it will one-day payoff. A life of depression, shame, and anxiety is the payoff most settle for. Well, I believe there is no payoff to settling. It never feels settled. If you know you need help but your schedule is unpredictable or just cannot find the help you need in your area, Freedom360 is the online solution for you!
I believe that each of us is a multi-talented, multi-faceted, creative being of pure light and infinite potential! This being true, I know many of us have forgotten this long ago. I did! In forgetting who we truly are, we find ourselves trapped in limitation, living a life we do not really want but hoping it will one-day payoff. A life of depression, shame, and anxiety is the payoff most settle for. Well, I believe there is no payoff to settling. It never feels settled. If you know you need help but your schedule is unpredictable or just cannot find the help you need in your area, Freedom360 is the online solution for you!
(469) 298-1118 View (469) 298-1118
Photo of Nestor Presas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Keller, TX
Nestor Presas
Marriage & Family Therapist, ABD, LMFTS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75231
A relationships expert focused on assisting individuals, couples and families to reconnect and experience relations that are sustainable, vibrant and engaged, while achieving their own definition of success. I work with individuals, families and couples who are stuck in patterns of interaction that don't seem to work by using a collaborative, evidence based, powerful and innovative style of therapy. I strive to be sensitive to your spiritual experience, your culture and your values. My expertise is in forging solid therapeutic alliances, through client validation, affirmative recognition of the client's rights and strengths and de-stigmatization of experiences
A relationships expert focused on assisting individuals, couples and families to reconnect and experience relations that are sustainable, vibrant and engaged, while achieving their own definition of success. I work with individuals, families and couples who are stuck in patterns of interaction that don't seem to work by using a collaborative, evidence based, powerful and innovative style of therapy. I strive to be sensitive to your spiritual experience, your culture and your values. My expertise is in forging solid therapeutic alliances, through client validation, affirmative recognition of the client's rights and strengths and de-stigmatization of experiences
(214) 296-0026 View (214) 296-0026
Photo of Heather McClure Mann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Keller, TX
Heather McClure Mann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSSW
Verified Verified
Aubrey, TX 76227  (Online Only)
Hello, With more than 25 years of experience providing individual, group and family therapy within both outpatient and inpatient settings, I would be honored to assist you along your journey. I am familiar with many unique cultural and ethnic differences and the wonderful diversity within the human family. I feel that we are all more alike than we are different in that we all just want to be loved, feel safe, and contribute something meaningful to our families and to the world. I also ran a women's group therapy program for more than 12 years, focusing on the unique needs related to women's mental health across the lifecycle.
Hello, With more than 25 years of experience providing individual, group and family therapy within both outpatient and inpatient settings, I would be honored to assist you along your journey. I am familiar with many unique cultural and ethnic differences and the wonderful diversity within the human family. I feel that we are all more alike than we are different in that we all just want to be loved, feel safe, and contribute something meaningful to our families and to the world. I also ran a women's group therapy program for more than 12 years, focusing on the unique needs related to women's mental health across the lifecycle.
(214) 416-9957 View (214) 416-9957
Photo of Katy Perkins Coveney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Keller, TX
Katy Perkins Coveney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75074
Virtual services available CO/FL/NC/TX/VA, in-person TX/NC. Regardless of family structure, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, race, or other minority status, you are welcome. People who come to me are often asking themselves: What's wrong with me? Who am I/Where did I come from? Is what happened to me abuse? Why did my family keep this secret? Why can't I get over 'it'? What do I do, now that I know the truth? I've spent my life overachieving, so why don't I feel better yet? Maybe I'm making a big deal out of nothing.
Virtual services available CO/FL/NC/TX/VA, in-person TX/NC. Regardless of family structure, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, race, or other minority status, you are welcome. People who come to me are often asking themselves: What's wrong with me? Who am I/Where did I come from? Is what happened to me abuse? Why did my family keep this secret? Why can't I get over 'it'? What do I do, now that I know the truth? I've spent my life overachieving, so why don't I feel better yet? Maybe I'm making a big deal out of nothing.
(910) 415-1521 View (910) 415-1521
Photo of Brittany Pumphrey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Keller, TX
Brittany Pumphrey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, TX 76015
Are you ready to gain control of your worries and strengthen your sense of self? If you’re finding yourself stuck in a vicious cycle of stress or need a better sense of direction, it may be time to seek out therapy. Learn to better manage emotions in order to improve stress levels, relationships, and quality of life. My name is Brittany but many call me Bri. I support clients in overcoming issues such as self-doubt, trauma, difficult life decisions, and other mental health conditions. Join me, as your licensed professional therapist, on the path of authenticity & emotional wellness.
Are you ready to gain control of your worries and strengthen your sense of self? If you’re finding yourself stuck in a vicious cycle of stress or need a better sense of direction, it may be time to seek out therapy. Learn to better manage emotions in order to improve stress levels, relationships, and quality of life. My name is Brittany but many call me Bri. I support clients in overcoming issues such as self-doubt, trauma, difficult life decisions, and other mental health conditions. Join me, as your licensed professional therapist, on the path of authenticity & emotional wellness.
(817) 631-5534 View (817) 631-5534
Photo of Audra Tolbert-Martin, LPC, LMHC, ATR, Licensed Professional Counselor in Keller, TX
Audra Tolbert-Martin, LPC, LMHC, ATR
Licensed Professional Counselor, MFA, MA, LPC, LMHC, ATR
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75205  (Online Only)
I'm a Jungian-oriented Board Certified Licensed Professional Mental Health Counselor & Registered Art Therapist in the states of CT, IL, NY, PA, TX. I specialize in relationships, adult attachment anxiety, codependency, childhood trauma (emotional neglect, alcoholism, narcissistic parenting), and major life transitions (times in a person's life which call for deep self-evaluation). I use humor, empathy, and alternative methods of healing to help you find your own path in life! While life is at times a Tragi-Comedy, we can walk through the fire and free ourselves from the grips of anxiety, inner criticism and fear of loss.
I'm a Jungian-oriented Board Certified Licensed Professional Mental Health Counselor & Registered Art Therapist in the states of CT, IL, NY, PA, TX. I specialize in relationships, adult attachment anxiety, codependency, childhood trauma (emotional neglect, alcoholism, narcissistic parenting), and major life transitions (times in a person's life which call for deep self-evaluation). I use humor, empathy, and alternative methods of healing to help you find your own path in life! While life is at times a Tragi-Comedy, we can walk through the fire and free ourselves from the grips of anxiety, inner criticism and fear of loss.
(646) 762-0368 View (646) 762-0368
Photo of David Butler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Keller, TX
David Butler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Frisco, TX 75033  (Online Only)
Life is an incredible journey with many twists and turns. This is your story and you have the ability to write something beautiful. Sometimes, as our story is unfolding, things happen that start to make us feel broken inside. Our fears can become like the monsters of childhood, scaring us into believing we are not good enough, or that we don’t deserve to be happy. We can become stuck in the past leading to depression or preoccupied with the future leading to worry and anxiety. The truth is – we can only change what happens today, at this moment. Maybe you feel isolated, alone, or like you have lost your way. I have been there.
Life is an incredible journey with many twists and turns. This is your story and you have the ability to write something beautiful. Sometimes, as our story is unfolding, things happen that start to make us feel broken inside. Our fears can become like the monsters of childhood, scaring us into believing we are not good enough, or that we don’t deserve to be happy. We can become stuck in the past leading to depression or preoccupied with the future leading to worry and anxiety. The truth is – we can only change what happens today, at this moment. Maybe you feel isolated, alone, or like you have lost your way. I have been there.
(469) 772-6794 View (469) 772-6794
Photo of Satori Family Services LLC., Licensed Professional Counselor in Keller, TX
Satori Family Services LLC.
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSMFT, LPC, PMH-C, PhD Cd
Verified Verified
Crowley, TX 76036  (Online Only)
***Accepting new Referrals*** When people experience life stressors and afflictions, it is not uncommon to feel hopeless, or as though life is unraveling. My greatest passion is ushering individuals to a place of healing and helping them see hope in any circumstance. I view therapy as a safe place for clients to explore themselves, and their relationships (intimate or otherwise). Relationships are a central part of our lives - after all, we are social beings with an innate need to belong. For this reason, cultivating attachment security is the key to building and maintaining healthy, balanced, and long-lasting partnerships.
***Accepting new Referrals*** When people experience life stressors and afflictions, it is not uncommon to feel hopeless, or as though life is unraveling. My greatest passion is ushering individuals to a place of healing and helping them see hope in any circumstance. I view therapy as a safe place for clients to explore themselves, and their relationships (intimate or otherwise). Relationships are a central part of our lives - after all, we are social beings with an innate need to belong. For this reason, cultivating attachment security is the key to building and maintaining healthy, balanced, and long-lasting partnerships.
(469) 217-3207 View (469) 217-3207
Photo of Sharon Larkin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Keller, TX
Sharon Larkin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75231
Maybe you struggle with depression & feelings of hopelessness or crying spells. Or you might deal with anxiety & intense fears or panic attacks. I can help you gain insight into your experience & reroute thought patterns so you'll feel better. You may seek to improve the most important relationships in your life—with your partner, your teenager, your elderly parents, or yourself. We can work toward greater understanding & acceptance of others & yourself. Sometimes the physical, relational, & psychological issues that bring you to therapy are rooted in unprocessed wounds or trauma. We can change your story from pain to healing.
Maybe you struggle with depression & feelings of hopelessness or crying spells. Or you might deal with anxiety & intense fears or panic attacks. I can help you gain insight into your experience & reroute thought patterns so you'll feel better. You may seek to improve the most important relationships in your life—with your partner, your teenager, your elderly parents, or yourself. We can work toward greater understanding & acceptance of others & yourself. Sometimes the physical, relational, & psychological issues that bring you to therapy are rooted in unprocessed wounds or trauma. We can change your story from pain to healing.
(469) 908-3492 View (469) 908-3492
Photo of Brian Lee Sharp, Licensed Professional Counselor in Keller, TX
Brian Lee Sharp
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, LMHC, LPC, NCC, MBACP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75204  (Online Only)
Do you second-guess your decisions while also dreading the future? Maybe it’s too hard to get going in the morning because you’re not sure what matters anymore. I’m guessing you’ve perhaps tried therapy or other treatments which may have helped temporarily, while your life eventually returned to the status quo. I’ve seen many people suffer for too long unnecessarily. That’s what makes me passionate about providing therapy that really makes a difference. I offer effective treatments for anxiety, depression, relationship issues, grief, and more. I also support those in the LGBTQ community, who may deal with these and other challenges.
Do you second-guess your decisions while also dreading the future? Maybe it’s too hard to get going in the morning because you’re not sure what matters anymore. I’m guessing you’ve perhaps tried therapy or other treatments which may have helped temporarily, while your life eventually returned to the status quo. I’ve seen many people suffer for too long unnecessarily. That’s what makes me passionate about providing therapy that really makes a difference. I offer effective treatments for anxiety, depression, relationship issues, grief, and more. I also support those in the LGBTQ community, who may deal with these and other challenges.
(254) 655-6691 View (254) 655-6691
Photo of Sandra A Labadia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Keller, TX
Sandra A Labadia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irving, TX 75038  (Online Only)
My practice is centered around Wholistic Health & Wellness approach to Mental Health and/or Life Coaching. Seeking counseling or coaching support is a positive pro-active approach to resolving personal concerns or issues that may hinder you from accomplishing your goals. I believe everyone can benefit from counseling or coaching whether you are feeling anxious, stressed, overwhelmed or depressed, you may need someone to listen with compassion care and an open non-judgmental heart in a safe & supportive environment. My focus is your wellness & wellbeing. My goals in therapy is helping you feel better & helping you get better.
My practice is centered around Wholistic Health & Wellness approach to Mental Health and/or Life Coaching. Seeking counseling or coaching support is a positive pro-active approach to resolving personal concerns or issues that may hinder you from accomplishing your goals. I believe everyone can benefit from counseling or coaching whether you are feeling anxious, stressed, overwhelmed or depressed, you may need someone to listen with compassion care and an open non-judgmental heart in a safe & supportive environment. My focus is your wellness & wellbeing. My goals in therapy is helping you feel better & helping you get better.
(469) 423-8781 View (469) 423-8781
Photo of Mariana Ormeno, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Keller, TX
Mariana Ormeno
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate , LPC-A
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Flower Mound, TX 75028
Are you seeking to be kinder to yourself and enhance self-compassion? Are you looking for a therapist that will empower you through a relational, multicultural and intersectional feminist perspective? If this sounds like you, I would love to co-create a space with you where you can feel safe and ready to explore various aspects of yourself. I do keep in mind how systems of oppression impact people differently based on their identities as well as their experiences. You will be invited to unlearn self-limiting beliefs that you have been conditioned to believe in and you will have the opportunity to reclaim your authentic self.
Are you seeking to be kinder to yourself and enhance self-compassion? Are you looking for a therapist that will empower you through a relational, multicultural and intersectional feminist perspective? If this sounds like you, I would love to co-create a space with you where you can feel safe and ready to explore various aspects of yourself. I do keep in mind how systems of oppression impact people differently based on their identities as well as their experiences. You will be invited to unlearn self-limiting beliefs that you have been conditioned to believe in and you will have the opportunity to reclaim your authentic self.
(469) 718-5422 x712 View (469) 718-5422 x712
Photo of Candace Cody-Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Keller, TX
Candace Cody-Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, BA
Verified Verified
Garland, TX 75041
Life can get overwhelming, especially when dealing with family, relationships, and emotions. Whether you feel disconnected, stuck in a cycle, or simply lost, I'm here to safely guide you towards clarity and deeper bonds through, healthier conflict resolution, problem solving, emotional intelligence building and coping techniques through a collaborative, family systems approach.
Life can get overwhelming, especially when dealing with family, relationships, and emotions. Whether you feel disconnected, stuck in a cycle, or simply lost, I'm here to safely guide you towards clarity and deeper bonds through, healthier conflict resolution, problem solving, emotional intelligence building and coping techniques through a collaborative, family systems approach.
(972) 962-9428 View (972) 962-9428
Photo of Laura Whisman Abbruzzese, Licensed Professional Counselor in Keller, TX
Laura Whisman Abbruzzese
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waco, TX 76701
My areas of specialty include first responder PTSD, substance abuse, trauma, anxiety/depression, relationship discord, and mindfulness. I am EMDR trained and have extensive experience utilizing EMDR to resolve trauma associated with first responder experiences, accidents, grief/loss, military combat, childhood sexual abuse, domestic violence, and more. My work, as well as my personal life, is grounded in mindfulness. When we train our attention to stay in the present moment, we become much more aware of the stories we tell ourselves and how much suffering we experience as a result.
My areas of specialty include first responder PTSD, substance abuse, trauma, anxiety/depression, relationship discord, and mindfulness. I am EMDR trained and have extensive experience utilizing EMDR to resolve trauma associated with first responder experiences, accidents, grief/loss, military combat, childhood sexual abuse, domestic violence, and more. My work, as well as my personal life, is grounded in mindfulness. When we train our attention to stay in the present moment, we become much more aware of the stories we tell ourselves and how much suffering we experience as a result.
(254) 459-4376 View (254) 459-4376
Photo of Lacy Nicole Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist in Keller, TX
Lacy Nicole Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75231
While working with couples and families, I often see this pattern of listening to respond or proclaiming an assumption before truly hearing their loved one. It’s an unfortunate habit that can create insecurity, fear, anxiety, and distrust in relationships. Sometimes, slowing down and paying closer attention to the pattern of communication will help us catch these fears, concerns, insecurities or misunderstandings. Perhaps you’re feeling tired, frustrated, judged, or worst of all, alone.
While working with couples and families, I often see this pattern of listening to respond or proclaiming an assumption before truly hearing their loved one. It’s an unfortunate habit that can create insecurity, fear, anxiety, and distrust in relationships. Sometimes, slowing down and paying closer attention to the pattern of communication will help us catch these fears, concerns, insecurities or misunderstandings. Perhaps you’re feeling tired, frustrated, judged, or worst of all, alone.
(469) 382-5940 View (469) 382-5940
Attachment-based Therapists

Is attachment-based therapy the same as attachment therapy?

Attachment-based therapy may be confused with what is called “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy”), a discredited and dangerous approach to treating children with attachment disorders, autism, or other mental health concerns. Attachment therapy—not attachment-based therapy—may involve restraining a child, forcing eye contact, and other coercive or abusive techniques. None of these practices are used in attachment-based therapy and the two modalities are in no way related.

What should I expect from attachment-based therapy?

Attachment-based therapy is based on attachment theory, which posits that children’s early relationships with their caregivers strongly influence their ability to navigate the world later in life. Thus, adults who seek attachment-based therapy should expect to deeply explore their childhood, identifying the dynamics or experiences that disrupted their attachment and the steps necessary to overcome challenges that arose as a result. Parents and children should expect to explore the possible factors that disrupted the parent-child relationship and work toward restoring trust and connection.

How long does attachment-based therapy last?

Certain forms of attachment-based therapy, especially those designed for parents and children, last for a set number of sessions; for example, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up, a specific attachment-based approach for young children who have undergone early adversity, unfolds over 10 one-hour sessions. When attachment-based therapy is practiced on adults or combined with other modalities, it may not last a specific length of time; clients may wish to ask prospective therapists how long they expect treatment to take.

Does attachment-based therapy work?

Most of the research on attachment-based therapy focuses on children and adolescents. Some of this research shows a positive effect, especially for attachment-based family therapy (ABFT). Other studies, however, have found that attachment-based therapy is no more effective than other approaches to childhood depression, anxiety, or suicidality. Less is known about the therapy’s efficacy on adult populations.