Therapists in Austin, TX

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Photo of Eric Swanholm, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Eric Swanholm
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78750
I have provided evaluation and treatment for individuals who experience difficulties from the combination of psychological symptoms and chronic medical conditions. In particular, I have worked extensively with individuals experiencing both chronic pain (specific or generalized chronic pain, fibromyalgia, migraine headaches) and symptoms of depressive/anxiety-related disorders. I have worked extensively with individuals experiencing chronic medical conditions and personality-related disorders. Often, chronic pain, leads to development or worsening of psychological symptoms. Whether an individual's psychological symptoms existed prior to or developed after his or her chronic medical condition, I offer treatment toward an increase quality of life.
I have provided evaluation and treatment for individuals who experience difficulties from the combination of psychological symptoms and chronic medical conditions. In particular, I have worked extensively with individuals experiencing both chronic pain (specific or generalized chronic pain, fibromyalgia, migraine headaches) and symptoms of depressive/anxiety-related disorders. I have worked extensively with individuals experiencing chronic medical conditions and personality-related disorders. Often, chronic pain, leads to development or worsening of psychological symptoms. Whether an individual's psychological symptoms existed prior to or developed after his or her chronic medical condition, I offer treatment toward an increase quality of life.
(817) 383-2914 View (817) 383-2914
Photo of Lindsey Witz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Lindsey Witz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
Are you living with a constant feeling of being unfulfilled? Questioning what's wrong and what to do about it? Are you feeling stuck with no clear path forward? Perhaps you've been experiencing a desire for something that you struggle to identify. With a restless mind and sleepless nights you can't seem to find much joy in any given day. Maybe, you're attempting to fill your life with anything to break through the emptiness of life. The start of the journey towards healing, for some, can leave you feeling utterly overwhelmed and uncertain how to start. For others, you're needing someone to join you on a journey that's already begun.
Are you living with a constant feeling of being unfulfilled? Questioning what's wrong and what to do about it? Are you feeling stuck with no clear path forward? Perhaps you've been experiencing a desire for something that you struggle to identify. With a restless mind and sleepless nights you can't seem to find much joy in any given day. Maybe, you're attempting to fill your life with anything to break through the emptiness of life. The start of the journey towards healing, for some, can leave you feeling utterly overwhelmed and uncertain how to start. For others, you're needing someone to join you on a journey that's already begun.
(512) 559-1018 View (512) 559-1018
Photo of Leslie Ann Moore, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Leslie Ann Moore
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
Not accepting new clients
My work is focused on individuals, couples, and families who want to create growth and change in their lives but instead find themselves "stuck." When we are stuck, we might find ourselves feeling disconnected from ourselves and others, feeling anxious or depressed, and/or engaging in unproductive behaviors. Our past experiences and/or our current demands or environments may overwhelm our resources. Our lives become problem-saturated stories with limited options. By working collaboratively in psychotherapy, we can re-author our restricted story into one of new possibilities.
My work is focused on individuals, couples, and families who want to create growth and change in their lives but instead find themselves "stuck." When we are stuck, we might find ourselves feeling disconnected from ourselves and others, feeling anxious or depressed, and/or engaging in unproductive behaviors. Our past experiences and/or our current demands or environments may overwhelm our resources. Our lives become problem-saturated stories with limited options. By working collaboratively in psychotherapy, we can re-author our restricted story into one of new possibilities.
(737) 204-6680 View (737) 204-6680
Photo of Morgan Grace, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Morgan Grace
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, LCDC, CCTP, EMDR, TCYM
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78701
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome! I work with individuals who are looking to heal from past wounds and find their highest self. With a multidimensional background, I will meet you where you are and we'll explore the barriers that may be preventing you from moving forward. I believe you already have the tools you need. It takes a safe space with which to release the emotional weight and begin to see life with a new perspective. Our work together could be best summarized with the quote "Courage is not the absence of fear; courage is fear walking". It is an honor to help support you in this phase of your journey.
Welcome! I work with individuals who are looking to heal from past wounds and find their highest self. With a multidimensional background, I will meet you where you are and we'll explore the barriers that may be preventing you from moving forward. I believe you already have the tools you need. It takes a safe space with which to release the emotional weight and begin to see life with a new perspective. Our work together could be best summarized with the quote "Courage is not the absence of fear; courage is fear walking". It is an honor to help support you in this phase of your journey.
(507) 509-2169 View (507) 509-2169
Photo of Maria Fransisca Cloud, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Maria Fransisca Cloud
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
Clients served: Children ages 5-11 experiencing emotional distress due to displacement and trauma. Tweens ages 11-12 experiencing anxiety related to school difficulties, and peer relationships. Adults experiencing distress related to peer relationships, parenting, first generation of immigrant parents, and family of origin. Couples experiencing life transitions and communication issues.
Clients served: Children ages 5-11 experiencing emotional distress due to displacement and trauma. Tweens ages 11-12 experiencing anxiety related to school difficulties, and peer relationships. Adults experiencing distress related to peer relationships, parenting, first generation of immigrant parents, and family of origin. Couples experiencing life transitions and communication issues.
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Photo of Melissa Galica, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Melissa Galica
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705
Hi, I'm Melissa Galica, a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 5 years of experience in the state of Texas. I typically work with young adults 18-26, mothers (prenatal, postpartum), the LGBTQIA+ community, and those suffering from religious trauma. As a counselor, the therapies I use often include CBT, DBT, solution-focused, motivational interviewing, and narrative therapy. I hold the strong belief that people are perfectly imperfect. They are beautiful and spectacular but can also become stuck, unable to live a fulfilling life. That’s where I come in.
Hi, I'm Melissa Galica, a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 5 years of experience in the state of Texas. I typically work with young adults 18-26, mothers (prenatal, postpartum), the LGBTQIA+ community, and those suffering from religious trauma. As a counselor, the therapies I use often include CBT, DBT, solution-focused, motivational interviewing, and narrative therapy. I hold the strong belief that people are perfectly imperfect. They are beautiful and spectacular but can also become stuck, unable to live a fulfilling life. That’s where I come in.
(972) 640-7304 View (972) 640-7304
Photo of Elizabeth King, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Elizabeth King
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78729  (Online Only)
Many of our deepest wounds have occurred within relationships and much of our longer lasting and most meaningful healing also occurs within relationships. I believe that counseling is most beneficial when it is based in a safe relationship to explore and understand ourselves and the choices we make. It is my desire to create a safe environment where you can laugh, cry, curse, and authentically express yourself.
Many of our deepest wounds have occurred within relationships and much of our longer lasting and most meaningful healing also occurs within relationships. I believe that counseling is most beneficial when it is based in a safe relationship to explore and understand ourselves and the choices we make. It is my desire to create a safe environment where you can laugh, cry, curse, and authentically express yourself.
(210) 981-6840 View (210) 981-6840
Photo of Peter James Craig, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Peter James Craig
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
Ready to take action towards a more ideal life? Frustrated with things as they are and want support? I am here to serve you in reflecting on your concerns in a non-judgmental way. With training in cognitive and somatic therapies, I can facilitate exploring difficult areas with a caring presence and shared commitment to do the work. It's important to feel connected to your counselor and I look forward to building a trusting relationship where we collaborate and set meaningful goals to reach your ideal outcome.
Ready to take action towards a more ideal life? Frustrated with things as they are and want support? I am here to serve you in reflecting on your concerns in a non-judgmental way. With training in cognitive and somatic therapies, I can facilitate exploring difficult areas with a caring presence and shared commitment to do the work. It's important to feel connected to your counselor and I look forward to building a trusting relationship where we collaborate and set meaningful goals to reach your ideal outcome.
(512) 379-6310 View (512) 379-6310
Photo of Lauren Sanchez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Lauren Sanchez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78705
Waitlist for new clients
Do you often feel lost and unsure about your current position and how you ended up there? Perhaps you've noticed the discomfort arising from certain emotions, physical sensations or thoughts. Our past experiences hold significant influence over our present reality, making us vulnerable to reoccurring patterns of behaviors. While it may be challenging to fully engage in our own experiences and shift our attention inward, my aim is to walk along side you and discover the key elements that bring meaning to your life.
Do you often feel lost and unsure about your current position and how you ended up there? Perhaps you've noticed the discomfort arising from certain emotions, physical sensations or thoughts. Our past experiences hold significant influence over our present reality, making us vulnerable to reoccurring patterns of behaviors. While it may be challenging to fully engage in our own experiences and shift our attention inward, my aim is to walk along side you and discover the key elements that bring meaning to your life.
(737) 888-5034 View (737) 888-5034
Photo of Ali Houshmand, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Ali Houshmand
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
Seeking support after the death of a loved one, or preparing for the death of a loved one, can be overwhelming. The focus of my work is to support individuals, families, couples, and children/teenagers when they are dealing with the challenges of loss due to an illness or other issues related to loss. I strive to help my clients cope with the difficult prospects of loss such as death, suicide, divorce, marital discord, terminal illness, chronic illness, job loss, and the challenges it brings to the client, and their family.
Seeking support after the death of a loved one, or preparing for the death of a loved one, can be overwhelming. The focus of my work is to support individuals, families, couples, and children/teenagers when they are dealing with the challenges of loss due to an illness or other issues related to loss. I strive to help my clients cope with the difficult prospects of loss such as death, suicide, divorce, marital discord, terminal illness, chronic illness, job loss, and the challenges it brings to the client, and their family.
(512) 764-1045 View (512) 764-1045
Photo of Laurin Lewis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Laurin Lewis
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78756
Welcome! I'm Laurin, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) supervised by Heather McPherson MA, LPC-S, LMFT-S, CST. I'm a lifelong Texan who has never fit many of the stereotypes associated with being a Texan. I am passionate about helping clients with issues related to religious and sexual trauma, grief and loss, non-monogamy, and more. Overall, my goal is to provide a brave space for clients to be vulnerable and explore their personhood.
Welcome! I'm Laurin, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) supervised by Heather McPherson MA, LPC-S, LMFT-S, CST. I'm a lifelong Texan who has never fit many of the stereotypes associated with being a Texan. I am passionate about helping clients with issues related to religious and sexual trauma, grief and loss, non-monogamy, and more. Overall, my goal is to provide a brave space for clients to be vulnerable and explore their personhood.
(512) 764-5156 View (512) 764-5156
Photo of Amy C Person, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Amy C Person
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
I specialize in empowering individual people to take charge of their lives and create the life they want to have both internally and in their relationships with the significant people in their lives.
I specialize in empowering individual people to take charge of their lives and create the life they want to have both internally and in their relationships with the significant people in their lives.
(361) 444-0344 View (361) 444-0344
Photo of Kristen Felter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Kristen Felter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759
If you are a parent who is concerned about a child you love, you are in the right place. My specialty is working with kids and teens ages 3-19 who are coping with big feelings. This may include emotional issues, behavioral problems, grief and loss, depression, anxiety, school problems, peer relationship issues, dating, stress, perfectionism, life adjustments, or family conflict. I also coach and support parents as they walk beside their children through life's ups and downs. My approach is kind, supportive, and focused on meeting your family's needs.
If you are a parent who is concerned about a child you love, you are in the right place. My specialty is working with kids and teens ages 3-19 who are coping with big feelings. This may include emotional issues, behavioral problems, grief and loss, depression, anxiety, school problems, peer relationship issues, dating, stress, perfectionism, life adjustments, or family conflict. I also coach and support parents as they walk beside their children through life's ups and downs. My approach is kind, supportive, and focused on meeting your family's needs.
(512) 714-2369 View (512) 714-2369
Photo of Debra Stonewall, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Debra Stonewall
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705
My name is Debra Stonewall. I am a licensed Professional Counselor along with a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor. I take a Person-Centered approach to therapy. I pride myself on helping my clients feel connected instead of evaluated. My specialties are anxiety, depression, mood disorders, personality disorders, marriage, and trauma. I also have extensive knowledge and understanding of the military community because my husband served 30 years in the military. I have been exposed to and lived through some of the unique problems military families and soldiers experience.
My name is Debra Stonewall. I am a licensed Professional Counselor along with a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor. I take a Person-Centered approach to therapy. I pride myself on helping my clients feel connected instead of evaluated. My specialties are anxiety, depression, mood disorders, personality disorders, marriage, and trauma. I also have extensive knowledge and understanding of the military community because my husband served 30 years in the military. I have been exposed to and lived through some of the unique problems military families and soldiers experience.
(737) 258-9976 View (737) 258-9976
Photo of Rachel Tamer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Rachel Tamer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78701  (Online Only)
Welcome! You have taken a courageous step by seeking out support and acknowledging the growth you can achieve through therapy. I provide counseling to help individuals meet their goals, improve connections with others, and grow into their best self. You are your own best expert. As your therapist, I am dedicated to assisting you. I specialize in addressing issues around anxiety, depression, relationships, life transitions, boundary setting, and managing environmental stressors. Together, we will create an experience where you are empowered to create the life you envision for yourself.
Welcome! You have taken a courageous step by seeking out support and acknowledging the growth you can achieve through therapy. I provide counseling to help individuals meet their goals, improve connections with others, and grow into their best self. You are your own best expert. As your therapist, I am dedicated to assisting you. I specialize in addressing issues around anxiety, depression, relationships, life transitions, boundary setting, and managing environmental stressors. Together, we will create an experience where you are empowered to create the life you envision for yourself.
(512) 994-2751 View (512) 994-2751
Photo of Megan McDonald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Megan McDonald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78723
An authentic therapeutic relationship is one of the most significant pieces to effective therapy. My approach to therapy is warm and direct, and my practice is guided by an array of therapies and theoretical perspectives. Wherever you are in your life that's where we'll start. We will work together at a pace that feels safe, and as our relationship deepens so will the work we do. I am experienced in working with clients who have a variety of concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship/ attachment issues, grief and loss, existential issues, and people who identify as highly sensitive (HSPs).
An authentic therapeutic relationship is one of the most significant pieces to effective therapy. My approach to therapy is warm and direct, and my practice is guided by an array of therapies and theoretical perspectives. Wherever you are in your life that's where we'll start. We will work together at a pace that feels safe, and as our relationship deepens so will the work we do. I am experienced in working with clients who have a variety of concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship/ attachment issues, grief and loss, existential issues, and people who identify as highly sensitive (HSPs).
(512) 855-6069 View (512) 855-6069
Photo of Jonathan McNutt, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Jonathan McNutt
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78758  (Online Only)
If you’re struggling with difficult thoughts and feelings, your relationships, or are just feeling stressed and overwhelmed… I can understand that! It can be really hard to be a human being, especially in the last few years. If you’re looking for support with these kinds of issues, you’ve come to the right place. I help adults struggling with issues related to mood and emotions, low self-esteem, relationships, stress, and other difficulties to find greater ease, wellbeing and fulfillment using research-supported approaches to therapy.
If you’re struggling with difficult thoughts and feelings, your relationships, or are just feeling stressed and overwhelmed… I can understand that! It can be really hard to be a human being, especially in the last few years. If you’re looking for support with these kinds of issues, you’ve come to the right place. I help adults struggling with issues related to mood and emotions, low self-esteem, relationships, stress, and other difficulties to find greater ease, wellbeing and fulfillment using research-supported approaches to therapy.
(737) 259-7632 View (737) 259-7632
Photo of Emily Hammer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Emily Hammer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78751  (Online Only)
I believe it is always a good time to reach out and ask for help. Asking for help is courageous. Wanting to change is brave. And I strongly believe that everyone deserves access to affordable therapy. Whether you want to learn new coping skills for anxiety for the first time, are going through a difficult breakup or life transition, have been struggling with depression on and off your whole life, experiencing parent/child conflict or family issues, or just want to explore self-growth, we can take this journey of growth together, one step at a time.
I believe it is always a good time to reach out and ask for help. Asking for help is courageous. Wanting to change is brave. And I strongly believe that everyone deserves access to affordable therapy. Whether you want to learn new coping skills for anxiety for the first time, are going through a difficult breakup or life transition, have been struggling with depression on and off your whole life, experiencing parent/child conflict or family issues, or just want to explore self-growth, we can take this journey of growth together, one step at a time.
(737) 530-9378 View (737) 530-9378
Photo of Kammille A Harvey, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Austin, TX
Kammille A Harvey
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A, NBCC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
Kammille is a Licensed Professional Counselor Associate who practices a person centered, integrative counseling approach. While obtaining her master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at UTSA, she focused on using trauma informed care to support individuals working towards wellness. Kammille has worked with individuals from a variety of backgrounds, however she specializes in working with older adolescents and adults. When working with clients, her main priority is being attuned and flexible to her client’s needs to make sure they get the best possible care.
Kammille is a Licensed Professional Counselor Associate who practices a person centered, integrative counseling approach. While obtaining her master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at UTSA, she focused on using trauma informed care to support individuals working towards wellness. Kammille has worked with individuals from a variety of backgrounds, however she specializes in working with older adolescents and adults. When working with clients, her main priority is being attuned and flexible to her client’s needs to make sure they get the best possible care.
(512) 980-1843 View (512) 980-1843
Photo of Andrea M Zeddies, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Andrea M Zeddies
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731
I maintain a private practice in Austin specializing in psychological assessment of autism/developmental disabilities, ADHD, aptitude, learning disabilities, sensory processing disorder, anxiety, and mood disorders. I also provide parent consultations for parents of school-age children, and coordinate treatment with pediatricians, neurologists, psychiatrists, and family practice physicians in the Austin community. Referrals are provided for psychotherapy.
I maintain a private practice in Austin specializing in psychological assessment of autism/developmental disabilities, ADHD, aptitude, learning disabilities, sensory processing disorder, anxiety, and mood disorders. I also provide parent consultations for parents of school-age children, and coordinate treatment with pediatricians, neurologists, psychiatrists, and family practice physicians in the Austin community. Referrals are provided for psychotherapy.
(512) 337-4658 View (512) 337-4658

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Austin, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Austin, TX who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Austin, TX see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Austin?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.