Therapists in Memphis, TN

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Photo of Lauri Balk (Not Accepting New Patients), Psychologist in Memphis, TN
Lauri Balk (Not Accepting New Patients)
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104
Do you find yourself "stuck" in old patterns? Are you having difficulty with managing stress, whether it is related to relationships or work? Do you find yourself unable to move past old hurts or pain? Through collaboration, therapy is a wonderful opportunity in which individuals can explore the answers to these questions. Working together helps create a safe and affirming environment in which individuals can learn how to live life more effectively. My therapeutic approach is flexible based on the needs of the patients, but is deeply rooted in the idea that much of one's suffering occurs outside of his or her awareness.
Do you find yourself "stuck" in old patterns? Are you having difficulty with managing stress, whether it is related to relationships or work? Do you find yourself unable to move past old hurts or pain? Through collaboration, therapy is a wonderful opportunity in which individuals can explore the answers to these questions. Working together helps create a safe and affirming environment in which individuals can learn how to live life more effectively. My therapeutic approach is flexible based on the needs of the patients, but is deeply rooted in the idea that much of one's suffering occurs outside of his or her awareness.
(872) 250-4814 View (872) 250-4814
Photo of Beth Grant, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Beth Grant
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120
My ideal clients come to therapy with a deep desire to know and understand him/herself better. They are looking for a collaborative effort in gaining this understanding and are motivated to work outside of the office to achieve the desired result.
My ideal clients come to therapy with a deep desire to know and understand him/herself better. They are looking for a collaborative effort in gaining this understanding and are motivated to work outside of the office to achieve the desired result.
(901) 499-4567 View (901) 499-4567
Photo of Navigating Courage Counseling & Consultation,LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Navigating Courage Counseling & Consultation,LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
I work alongside professional men including, but not limited to athletes, healthcare providers, first responders, business owners and leaders discover their true potential; whether in their career, family, personal identity, communication, or relationship concerns. When depression, stress, addiction, and unhealthy relationships get in the way of your success, consider working with an experienced clinician who provides a down to earth, professionally safe space, free of judging and full of compassion and empathy.
I work alongside professional men including, but not limited to athletes, healthcare providers, first responders, business owners and leaders discover their true potential; whether in their career, family, personal identity, communication, or relationship concerns. When depression, stress, addiction, and unhealthy relationships get in the way of your success, consider working with an experienced clinician who provides a down to earth, professionally safe space, free of judging and full of compassion and empathy.
(901) 763-8762 View (901) 763-8762
Photo of Elizabeth Drain, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Elizabeth Drain
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-, MHSP, NCC, CEAP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120  (Online Only)
Struggling with anxiety can cause you to feel stuck. Are you finding it hard to relax your mind and turn off racing thoughts? Are you struggling to focus and balance work/life? Do you think your relationship is falling apart and you don’t know what to do? Are you noticing life is difficult to cope with due to lack of self-love and confidence? Are you stressed and struggling to get out of bed on a daily basis. If you are experiencing signs of defeat, shame, sadness, and frustration we can help! You have taken the first and most important step by reaching out for help. You don’t have to do it alone, we’re here to help!
Struggling with anxiety can cause you to feel stuck. Are you finding it hard to relax your mind and turn off racing thoughts? Are you struggling to focus and balance work/life? Do you think your relationship is falling apart and you don’t know what to do? Are you noticing life is difficult to cope with due to lack of self-love and confidence? Are you stressed and struggling to get out of bed on a daily basis. If you are experiencing signs of defeat, shame, sadness, and frustration we can help! You have taken the first and most important step by reaching out for help. You don’t have to do it alone, we’re here to help!
(901) 668-7146 View (901) 668-7146
Photo of Transitional Anger Management Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Transitional Anger Management Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38125
As a 3rd year Doctor of Behavioral Health student, with 22 years of experience in providing anger management counseling, you are in good hands! Sunday groups are available. call 901.608.1000. www.gotangermanagement.com
As a 3rd year Doctor of Behavioral Health student, with 22 years of experience in providing anger management counseling, you are in good hands! Sunday groups are available. call 901.608.1000. www.gotangermanagement.com
(901) 295-0296 View (901) 295-0296
Photo of Ferren Family Counseling LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Ferren Family Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38104
Everyone experiences feelings of anxiety, stress, sadness, and other feelings that are difficult from time to time. When emotional or behavioral problems are disrupting your life, it may be time to reach out for help. At FFC, we offer Individual Therapy, Couples Therapy, Family Therapy, Group Therapy, Telehealth, Consultation, and Community Education as means to help our community "Learn. Heal. Thrive."
Everyone experiences feelings of anxiety, stress, sadness, and other feelings that are difficult from time to time. When emotional or behavioral problems are disrupting your life, it may be time to reach out for help. At FFC, we offer Individual Therapy, Couples Therapy, Family Therapy, Group Therapy, Telehealth, Consultation, and Community Education as means to help our community "Learn. Heal. Thrive."
(901) 410-9194 View (901) 410-9194
Photo of Angela Rusk, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Angela Rusk
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMFT, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117  (Online Only)
Life gets messy sometimes. Whether it be due to trauma, a conflictual relationship, or even our own feelings that seem to come out of nowhere, there are times when we find ourselves "stuck" and wondering why we can't seem to manage at our full potential. The good news is that real and lasting change is possible. In my over fifteen years of experience, I have seen individuals and families heal, grow, and thrive at a level that surprised even themselves. If the hard stuff in life is seeming heavy, I would love to come alongside you to help you create a path to reaching your goals.
Life gets messy sometimes. Whether it be due to trauma, a conflictual relationship, or even our own feelings that seem to come out of nowhere, there are times when we find ourselves "stuck" and wondering why we can't seem to manage at our full potential. The good news is that real and lasting change is possible. In my over fifteen years of experience, I have seen individuals and families heal, grow, and thrive at a level that surprised even themselves. If the hard stuff in life is seeming heavy, I would love to come alongside you to help you create a path to reaching your goals.
(901) 673-3816 View (901) 673-3816
Photo of Dr. Leigh Pitre, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Dr. Leigh Pitre
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCMHSP, NCC, CH
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
I would like to start off by saying it takes courage to take the first step in your healing journey! I specialize in treating trauma, attachment-based issues, and couples. I take a whole-body approach that helps create and maintain lasting change. My ultimate goal for therapy with my clients is to help create corrective emotional experiences so that healing can occur. Whether that’s on an individual basis, or with a couple and the relational cycle. I truly believe it is an honor to walk alongside my clients throughout the healing process!
I would like to start off by saying it takes courage to take the first step in your healing journey! I specialize in treating trauma, attachment-based issues, and couples. I take a whole-body approach that helps create and maintain lasting change. My ultimate goal for therapy with my clients is to help create corrective emotional experiences so that healing can occur. Whether that’s on an individual basis, or with a couple and the relational cycle. I truly believe it is an honor to walk alongside my clients throughout the healing process!
(901) 617-4260 View (901) 617-4260
Photo of Beth Rushing, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Beth Rushing
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38112
Rachel Held Evans wrote that "we live inside an unfinished story." Are you lacking clarity about what you want to do with your life? Did you have a difficult or confusing childhood, and now struggle with connection to others? Did you experience a traumatic event or relationship that has been difficult to overcome on your own? Do you struggle in relationships and wonder why you have the same problems time and time again? Do you have a chronic illness and experience the emotional pain, disappointment, and despair it can bring? If any of this resonates with you, I can help you write the rest of your story.
Rachel Held Evans wrote that "we live inside an unfinished story." Are you lacking clarity about what you want to do with your life? Did you have a difficult or confusing childhood, and now struggle with connection to others? Did you experience a traumatic event or relationship that has been difficult to overcome on your own? Do you struggle in relationships and wonder why you have the same problems time and time again? Do you have a chronic illness and experience the emotional pain, disappointment, and despair it can bring? If any of this resonates with you, I can help you write the rest of your story.
(901) 209-4795 View (901) 209-4795
Photo of Taylor LaPorte, Pre-Licensed Professional in Memphis, TN
Taylor LaPorte
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
Over the past 3 years, I have dedicated myself to those dealing with eating disorders, depression, anxiety, and trauma. With almost 2 decades of personal recovery, I understand how the eating disorder can affect your ability to move forward in life, especially when there are coinciding disorders. The realization that you may need help takes a certain amount of courage and I’m here to walk along side you on that journey to recovery so you can fulfill your dreams. It will be hard, uncomfortable, and sometimes won’t seem worth it, but I assure you, there is more to life and you have the capability to heal.
Over the past 3 years, I have dedicated myself to those dealing with eating disorders, depression, anxiety, and trauma. With almost 2 decades of personal recovery, I understand how the eating disorder can affect your ability to move forward in life, especially when there are coinciding disorders. The realization that you may need help takes a certain amount of courage and I’m here to walk along side you on that journey to recovery so you can fulfill your dreams. It will be hard, uncomfortable, and sometimes won’t seem worth it, but I assure you, there is more to life and you have the capability to heal.
(901) 563-3243 View (901) 563-3243
Photo of Shaundra Bills Hardaway, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Shaundra Bills Hardaway
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, S
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Making the decision to seek counseling can be a tough one for many. Therapy is a process where you can learn, grow, and heal in ways you did not expect. Do you feel you struggle to be your true authentic self in the spaces that you occupy? Finding it hard to create and maintain boundaries with those closest to you? Maybe your own thoughts and feelings of stress and anxiety are hindering you from reaching what you feel is your full potential? My goal, as your therapist, is to help guide you through this process of self-discovery and healing.
Making the decision to seek counseling can be a tough one for many. Therapy is a process where you can learn, grow, and heal in ways you did not expect. Do you feel you struggle to be your true authentic self in the spaces that you occupy? Finding it hard to create and maintain boundaries with those closest to you? Maybe your own thoughts and feelings of stress and anxiety are hindering you from reaching what you feel is your full potential? My goal, as your therapist, is to help guide you through this process of self-discovery and healing.
(901) 459-3391 View (901) 459-3391
Photo of Lakeisha Conway, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Lakeisha Conway
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104
If you're looking for a quality, affordable and convenient social work supervision experience then search no more. As the owner of Best Practice Supervision, Coaching & Consulting, I provide clinical social worker supervision to LMSWs seeking LCSW licensure as well as assist with exam prep (emphasizing test taking strategies) for those seeking their LMSW in the State of TN. I provide online and face to face clinical supervision in the Memphis and Mid-South area for those seeking a close and easily accessible commute. I am also a Practice Monitor for those who have been sanctioned by TN Social Work Board.
If you're looking for a quality, affordable and convenient social work supervision experience then search no more. As the owner of Best Practice Supervision, Coaching & Consulting, I provide clinical social worker supervision to LMSWs seeking LCSW licensure as well as assist with exam prep (emphasizing test taking strategies) for those seeking their LMSW in the State of TN. I provide online and face to face clinical supervision in the Memphis and Mid-South area for those seeking a close and easily accessible commute. I am also a Practice Monitor for those who have been sanctioned by TN Social Work Board.
(901) 250-9330 View (901) 250-9330
Photo of Anne Thomas Floyd, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Anne Thomas Floyd
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMFT, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life is full of choices and challenges, particularly the challenges in our relationships. It takes courage and support to make the choice to get to a healthier place or to end a toxic relationship. Maybe you've already tried to recover or discover a better version of you, and your best efforts didn't seem to work. What if there is another way...a better way to achieve the life you want?
Life is full of choices and challenges, particularly the challenges in our relationships. It takes courage and support to make the choice to get to a healthier place or to end a toxic relationship. Maybe you've already tried to recover or discover a better version of you, and your best efforts didn't seem to work. What if there is another way...a better way to achieve the life you want?
(901) 441-9852 View (901) 441-9852
Photo of Aron Wyatt Sr., Counselor in Memphis, TN
Aron Wyatt Sr.
Counselor, MEd, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38115
I am a licensed clinical professional counselor with the mental health service provider specialty. I am fully qualified to work with both children and adults. I have over fifteen years of experience as a former school counselor working with children of all ages. I also worked as a community counselor/therapist for over twenty years helping families build better lives. I helped with parenting issues as well as behavior modification for children.
I am a licensed clinical professional counselor with the mental health service provider specialty. I am fully qualified to work with both children and adults. I have over fifteen years of experience as a former school counselor working with children of all ages. I also worked as a community counselor/therapist for over twenty years helping families build better lives. I helped with parenting issues as well as behavior modification for children.
(901) 244-5676 View (901) 244-5676
Photo of Shelby Shaw, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Shelby Shaw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
Welcome! I am attachment-based and skilled with trauma-informed interventions such Internal Family Systems (IFS) and EMDR. Though I am well versed in wide variety of issues, my heart aligns with survivors of sexual trauma, domestic violence, and clients struggling with eating disorders. I have worked at a women's shelter for domestic and sexual violence, and I have 4+ years of experience working with eating disorders at the residential and outpatient levels of care.
Welcome! I am attachment-based and skilled with trauma-informed interventions such Internal Family Systems (IFS) and EMDR. Though I am well versed in wide variety of issues, my heart aligns with survivors of sexual trauma, domestic violence, and clients struggling with eating disorders. I have worked at a women's shelter for domestic and sexual violence, and I have 4+ years of experience working with eating disorders at the residential and outpatient levels of care.
(901) 621-3564 View (901) 621-3564
Photo of Kelsey Fields Caprio, Pre-Licensed Professional in Memphis, TN
Kelsey Fields Caprio
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP, (Temp)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
Brené Brown once said, "Let go of who you think you're supposed to be. Embrace who you are." I would love to walk with you on this journey of embracing who you are as an individual, and who you want to become. Healing is never easy, but you will never have to do it alone. I have a huge passion for seeing people heal and grow into the person they didn’t feel they could become. I strive to create a safe space for anyone who takes the courageous step to share their story with me, as I know this is not an easy ask from anyone.
Brené Brown once said, "Let go of who you think you're supposed to be. Embrace who you are." I would love to walk with you on this journey of embracing who you are as an individual, and who you want to become. Healing is never easy, but you will never have to do it alone. I have a huge passion for seeing people heal and grow into the person they didn’t feel they could become. I strive to create a safe space for anyone who takes the courageous step to share their story with me, as I know this is not an easy ask from anyone.
(901) 245-5242 View (901) 245-5242
Photo of Tabatha Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Tabatha Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LSSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
Hello! Congratulations on accomplishing the hardest parts of the therapy process: acknowledging there’s a problem and seeking help. You are not alone! As your therapist, my goal is to meet you where you are, while providing coping strategies and individualize plans to help you cope and safely overcome the stressors in your life. Do you constantly feel drowned with stressors caused by daily life activities? Are you suffering from anxiety or depression? Are you a parent feeling overwhelmed with your child(ren) behavior issues at home and/or school? Look no further, I am here to assist you!
Hello! Congratulations on accomplishing the hardest parts of the therapy process: acknowledging there’s a problem and seeking help. You are not alone! As your therapist, my goal is to meet you where you are, while providing coping strategies and individualize plans to help you cope and safely overcome the stressors in your life. Do you constantly feel drowned with stressors caused by daily life activities? Are you suffering from anxiety or depression? Are you a parent feeling overwhelmed with your child(ren) behavior issues at home and/or school? Look no further, I am here to assist you!
(901) 699-4037 View (901) 699-4037
Photo of Kierica Barnett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Kierica Barnett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
Seeking support is a courageous step towards healing and growth. If you're struggling with life's challenge, feeling weighed down by past traumas, or finding it hard to navigate through difficult emotions, know that you're not alone. I offer a safe space for individuals, couples, families, and teens to explore their feelings and experiences.
Seeking support is a courageous step towards healing and growth. If you're struggling with life's challenge, feeling weighed down by past traumas, or finding it hard to navigate through difficult emotions, know that you're not alone. I offer a safe space for individuals, couples, families, and teens to explore their feelings and experiences.
(901) 519-3539 View (901) 519-3539
Photo of Margarite Rogers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Margarite Rogers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CEAP, SAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38137
Not accepting new clients
***NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS** I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), Certified Employee Assistance Professional (CEAP), and a Substance Abuse Professional (SAP). My practice encompasses children, adolescent and adults living with Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)/other related disorders, Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors, Tics/Tourette’s, ADHD, PTSD/trauma, and Insomnia. I also have an extensive background in treating individuals with Co-occurring Disorders and I provide Department of Transportation (DOT) Evaluations as a Substance Abuse Professional.
***NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS** I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), Certified Employee Assistance Professional (CEAP), and a Substance Abuse Professional (SAP). My practice encompasses children, adolescent and adults living with Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)/other related disorders, Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors, Tics/Tourette’s, ADHD, PTSD/trauma, and Insomnia. I also have an extensive background in treating individuals with Co-occurring Disorders and I provide Department of Transportation (DOT) Evaluations as a Substance Abuse Professional.
(901) 390-9893 View (901) 390-9893
Photo of Ashley Higginbottom, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Ashley Higginbottom
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38104  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Reaching out to begin therapy is the first step in your journey to mental wellness and it is something to be acknowledged and appreciated. I strive to provide a safe, nonjudgmental, and unbiased space for clients to explore feelings, vent frustrations, and heal. I enjoy working with clients on making self love a priority, discovering one’s true self, setting boundaries, creating healthy attachments, and forming effective communication skills. I have experience working with clients diagnosed with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and adjustment disorder.
Reaching out to begin therapy is the first step in your journey to mental wellness and it is something to be acknowledged and appreciated. I strive to provide a safe, nonjudgmental, and unbiased space for clients to explore feelings, vent frustrations, and heal. I enjoy working with clients on making self love a priority, discovering one’s true self, setting boundaries, creating healthy attachments, and forming effective communication skills. I have experience working with clients diagnosed with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and adjustment disorder.
(901) 390-5625 View (901) 390-5625

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Memphis, TN

500+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Memphis, TN who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
84% Depression
76% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues
70% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Cigna and Evernorth
69% Aetna
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Memphis, TN see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Memphis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.