Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

Photo of Adriene Petmecky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Adriene Petmecky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405
Not accepting new clients
My approach is to support and partner with each person. Working together to build on their knowledge and strengths and to help create change as identified by each individual.
My approach is to support and partner with each person. Working together to build on their knowledge and strengths and to help create change as identified by each individual.
(423) 501-2201 View (423) 501-2201
Photo of Erin Swem, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Erin Swem
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
It is hard to see our own worth when we feel ignored or devalued by the world. The LGBTQIA+ community is particularly vulnerable to relational and spiritual trauma, leading to feelings of shame and worthlessness, and making them more susceptible to depression, anxiety, poor sense of self, etc. Over the last 5 years, I have worked with individuals from all walks of life dealing with these and a multitude of other issues as they have allowed me to be a part of their healing process.
It is hard to see our own worth when we feel ignored or devalued by the world. The LGBTQIA+ community is particularly vulnerable to relational and spiritual trauma, leading to feelings of shame and worthlessness, and making them more susceptible to depression, anxiety, poor sense of self, etc. Over the last 5 years, I have worked with individuals from all walks of life dealing with these and a multitude of other issues as they have allowed me to be a part of their healing process.
(423) 556-4938 View (423) 556-4938
Photo of Dr. Lar'Mara Henderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Dr. Lar'Mara Henderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Waitlist for new clients
Scenic City Therapy, LLC. specializes in treating anxiety, depression, and trauma symptoms with individuals, couples, and groups. Dr. Henderson has worked with active-duty military and veteran populations over the past 20 years and offers an inclusive environment sensitive to the unique needs of this population.
Scenic City Therapy, LLC. specializes in treating anxiety, depression, and trauma symptoms with individuals, couples, and groups. Dr. Henderson has worked with active-duty military and veteran populations over the past 20 years and offers an inclusive environment sensitive to the unique needs of this population.
(423) 295-9132 View (423) 295-9132
Photo of Leslie Corrao-Montgomery, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Chattanooga, TN
Leslie Corrao-Montgomery
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS, MFT-I, AAMFT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
My ideal clients are adults (ages 18+) navigating connection in relationship. This can look like relationship to self ("What's going on with me? Why do I feel this way? What needs do I have? Am I allowed to think these things?") or relationship to others ("Do they really love me? Am I important to them? Why do I feel so anxious with them? Will I ever feel known or understood?"). There are plenty of questions and struggles in relationships. With openness and curiosity, you can find helpful and healthy answers that soothe the anxiousness and confusion about what it is to be connected.
My ideal clients are adults (ages 18+) navigating connection in relationship. This can look like relationship to self ("What's going on with me? Why do I feel this way? What needs do I have? Am I allowed to think these things?") or relationship to others ("Do they really love me? Am I important to them? Why do I feel so anxious with them? Will I ever feel known or understood?"). There are plenty of questions and struggles in relationships. With openness and curiosity, you can find helpful and healthy answers that soothe the anxiousness and confusion about what it is to be connected.
(423) 607-8961 View (423) 607-8961
Photo of Anna McCurdy Railroad Valley Therapeutics, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Anna McCurdy Railroad Valley Therapeutics
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, NCC, CMIP, CCTP, RYT-200
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37415
What is getting in the way of you being happy? Of being the person you want to be? Feeling comfortable in your own body? Having healthy relationships? And not being ruled by emotions, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and restless nights? How long have you tried to figure it out for yourself and how many things have you tried without much relief? I get it. It's overwhelming. If you are ready for things to be different, I'm ready to help you get there.
What is getting in the way of you being happy? Of being the person you want to be? Feeling comfortable in your own body? Having healthy relationships? And not being ruled by emotions, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and restless nights? How long have you tried to figure it out for yourself and how many things have you tried without much relief? I get it. It's overwhelming. If you are ready for things to be different, I'm ready to help you get there.
(423) 208-9206 View (423) 208-9206
Photo of Kathryn Parker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Kathryn Parker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37411
I have known since I was a teenager that I wanted to be a social worker. It was when I was 14 that an LCSW was able to connect with me and help me through a dark depression and the amplified anxiety that often goes along with it. It has been my passion since then to provide that same help to others. I have 15 years of experience working in the mental health field, 10 of those as an LCSW. I have experience with individual therapy and group therapy modalities, both on an outpatient and an inpatient basis.
I have known since I was a teenager that I wanted to be a social worker. It was when I was 14 that an LCSW was able to connect with me and help me through a dark depression and the amplified anxiety that often goes along with it. It has been my passion since then to provide that same help to others. I have 15 years of experience working in the mental health field, 10 of those as an LCSW. I have experience with individual therapy and group therapy modalities, both on an outpatient and an inpatient basis.
(423) 205-1258 View (423) 205-1258
Photo of Melissa Meade, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Melissa Meade
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC/MHS, R-DMT, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
Our world expects so much from people and we are often able to do it all, for a while. Sometimes expectations, both ours and others, smother us and leave us feeling hopeless. We might not be able to move forward in our career, despite excelling in our work. Sometimes we bury emotions, thinking I’ll get to that later, which may result in feeling overwhelmed or feeling nothing at all. Perhaps the demands of career, family, and caring for others leave us feeling exhausted and guilt-ridden. Possibly what has always worked, doesn’t seem to work anymore. Peace may feel out of reach.
Our world expects so much from people and we are often able to do it all, for a while. Sometimes expectations, both ours and others, smother us and leave us feeling hopeless. We might not be able to move forward in our career, despite excelling in our work. Sometimes we bury emotions, thinking I’ll get to that later, which may result in feeling overwhelmed or feeling nothing at all. Perhaps the demands of career, family, and caring for others leave us feeling exhausted and guilt-ridden. Possibly what has always worked, doesn’t seem to work anymore. Peace may feel out of reach.
(423) 226-5482 View (423) 226-5482
Photo of Ashley Liston-Avnaim in Chattanooga, TN
Ashley Liston-Avnaim
LPC, MHSP, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37408  (Online Only)
It is my hope to partner with you in learning how to first be with and then move through life's painful experiences in such a way that feels authentic to you. If you have unresolved grief, trauma or other barriers to your ability to thrive, I would love to join you in opening new doors to embodied and conscious living. I enjoy working with folks from most walks of life, those with body-based concerns such as chronic illness, chronic pain or difficult to diagnose physical symptoms that may be having an impact on mental health.
It is my hope to partner with you in learning how to first be with and then move through life's painful experiences in such a way that feels authentic to you. If you have unresolved grief, trauma or other barriers to your ability to thrive, I would love to join you in opening new doors to embodied and conscious living. I enjoy working with folks from most walks of life, those with body-based concerns such as chronic illness, chronic pain or difficult to diagnose physical symptoms that may be having an impact on mental health.
(931) 271-5936 View (931) 271-5936
Photo of Amanda Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Amanda Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC-, MHSP, CEDS
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37404
As a counselor, I believe that no person is beyond helping, regardless of prior therapy experience, life history, or their current situation. I provide a safe and welcoming environment in which people are able to talk without fear of judgment, and can feel heard and validated. I believe in treating the roots of the issues, rather than providing Band-Aids for symptoms, and am passionate about empowering individuals to recognize their own strengths and abilities. I provide therapy from an interpersonal perspective, in which I believe relationship is the catalyst for healing.
As a counselor, I believe that no person is beyond helping, regardless of prior therapy experience, life history, or their current situation. I provide a safe and welcoming environment in which people are able to talk without fear of judgment, and can feel heard and validated. I believe in treating the roots of the issues, rather than providing Band-Aids for symptoms, and am passionate about empowering individuals to recognize their own strengths and abilities. I provide therapy from an interpersonal perspective, in which I believe relationship is the catalyst for healing.
(423) 250-1707 View (423) 250-1707
Photo of Julie Kline, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Julie Kline, MS, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, breaking free from a toxic relationship, parenting challenges, or other life stressors, I believe you can find relief in a short amount of time with some simple yet intentional changes. Together we can focus on creating strategies to help you have the life and relationships that you desire. I specialize in individual and relationship counseling, as well as working with parents of adult children who are failing to launch out on their own or who parents find difficultly in relating to in everyday interactions.
Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, breaking free from a toxic relationship, parenting challenges, or other life stressors, I believe you can find relief in a short amount of time with some simple yet intentional changes. Together we can focus on creating strategies to help you have the life and relationships that you desire. I specialize in individual and relationship counseling, as well as working with parents of adult children who are failing to launch out on their own or who parents find difficultly in relating to in everyday interactions.
(423) 225-8566 View (423) 225-8566
Photo of Katherine Gibson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Katherine Gibson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Waitlist for new clients
Hi! I’m Katherine, and I’m so glad you’re here. Life can take us to places that we never imagined and leave us wondering how to move forward and take the next step towards healing. I want to come alongside you and take that next step with you, or just sit with you in the dark until you can see the light again. You have already taken a courageous step towards the healing that you deserve, and I would be honored to join you on your healing journey.
Hi! I’m Katherine, and I’m so glad you’re here. Life can take us to places that we never imagined and leave us wondering how to move forward and take the next step towards healing. I want to come alongside you and take that next step with you, or just sit with you in the dark until you can see the light again. You have already taken a courageous step towards the healing that you deserve, and I would be honored to join you on your healing journey.
(423) 564-6222 View (423) 564-6222
Photo of Athenea Counseling, Coaching & Consulting, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Athenea Counseling, Coaching & Consulting, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC, GA
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37408
ALL of us have experienced past traumatic events (to a greater or lesser degree) that may be impacting how we think, feel and act, today. I’ve learned from my clients and through my own personal experience that talk-therapy is just not enough! In obtaining the certifications needed, I’m confident I’m utilizing the most effective, progressive, therapeutic modalities to help clients, holistically, heal their brains, minds and bodies. By removing the roots of a client's anxiety/depression, I’ve seen tremendous breakthroughs with empowering clients to live the life they’ve always wanted; a life filled with happiness and peace.
ALL of us have experienced past traumatic events (to a greater or lesser degree) that may be impacting how we think, feel and act, today. I’ve learned from my clients and through my own personal experience that talk-therapy is just not enough! In obtaining the certifications needed, I’m confident I’m utilizing the most effective, progressive, therapeutic modalities to help clients, holistically, heal their brains, minds and bodies. By removing the roots of a client's anxiety/depression, I’ve seen tremendous breakthroughs with empowering clients to live the life they’ve always wanted; a life filled with happiness and peace.
(423) 456-9482 View (423) 456-9482
Photo of Valerie Gaglione, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Valerie Gaglione
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MSc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
My specialty is focused on helping individuals who struggle with anxiety disorders by targeting the somatic symptoms, irrational thoughts, and behavioral patterns keeping them from growing into their best versions of themselves. I also specialize in helping women struggling after traumatic experiences, navigating difficult life transitions, and healing after relationship conflicts. You do not need to navigate these difficulties on your own, and I am here to walk alongside you on your healing journey by empowering you to find meaning in your hardships and overcome the challenges that life has thrown in your path.
My specialty is focused on helping individuals who struggle with anxiety disorders by targeting the somatic symptoms, irrational thoughts, and behavioral patterns keeping them from growing into their best versions of themselves. I also specialize in helping women struggling after traumatic experiences, navigating difficult life transitions, and healing after relationship conflicts. You do not need to navigate these difficulties on your own, and I am here to walk alongside you on your healing journey by empowering you to find meaning in your hardships and overcome the challenges that life has thrown in your path.
(423) 358-2325 View (423) 358-2325
Photo of Jas Sullivan Milam, Art Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Jas Sullivan Milam
Art Therapist, ATR/BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Have you tried talk therapy but still feel stuck? I am an artist and art therapist with over 35 years of personal recovery. My background is in 12 Step models, Jungian psychology, family systems and lots of art making experience. YOU DO NOT NEED ART TRAINING OR TALENT TO BENEFIT FROM ART THERAPY. Because art is a right-brained function, art therapy can be especially useful to people who are "too smart" for talk therapy. I have also begun using art to process trauma as well. Interested? Schedule an assessment!
Have you tried talk therapy but still feel stuck? I am an artist and art therapist with over 35 years of personal recovery. My background is in 12 Step models, Jungian psychology, family systems and lots of art making experience. YOU DO NOT NEED ART TRAINING OR TALENT TO BENEFIT FROM ART THERAPY. Because art is a right-brained function, art therapy can be especially useful to people who are "too smart" for talk therapy. I have also begun using art to process trauma as well. Interested? Schedule an assessment!
(423) 708-4228 View (423) 708-4228
Photo of Wendy K Bovell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Wendy K Bovell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421
My name is Wendy Bovell, LCSW and I have been a licensed clinical social worker in Chattanooga since 2002. In my career, I have found myself in the role of ally, advocate, guide, supporter and confidant. In my 20 years in private practice and 30 years in the mental health profession, I have found that building rapport and offering compassionate support can be the most effective way to establish and maintain the therapeutic alliance. My training is from the holistic systems perspective with overall health being the primary goal, with a special emphasis on the improvement of our mental health.
My name is Wendy Bovell, LCSW and I have been a licensed clinical social worker in Chattanooga since 2002. In my career, I have found myself in the role of ally, advocate, guide, supporter and confidant. In my 20 years in private practice and 30 years in the mental health profession, I have found that building rapport and offering compassionate support can be the most effective way to establish and maintain the therapeutic alliance. My training is from the holistic systems perspective with overall health being the primary goal, with a special emphasis on the improvement of our mental health.
(423) 919-8491 View (423) 919-8491
Photo of Richard 'steve' McDonald Jr., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Richard 'steve' McDonald Jr.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I believe that we can work together from your very real strengths to get to a better future for you. I'm prepared to help you get there using both your ideas and my suggestions!
I believe that we can work together from your very real strengths to get to a better future for you. I'm prepared to help you get there using both your ideas and my suggestions!
(423) 799-2546 View (423) 799-2546
Photo of Wise Mind Collective, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Wise Mind Collective
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37403
While life is always worth living, it doesn’t always feel that way. We are here to help you help yourself live the life you want — and need — to live. Not sure what that even means? We can help with that too. Our team offers a variety of solutions to a variety of problems/ troubles/sighs/ughs, etc. While each of our clients is literally unique (welcome to humanity!), at intake a lot describe themselves as lonely, dissatisfied, out of control, too up-tight, fine (forced smile), a mess, too much, not enough…perhaps some of that sounds familiar? Whether those fit exactly or not, if you are looking for answers, we're here to help.
While life is always worth living, it doesn’t always feel that way. We are here to help you help yourself live the life you want — and need — to live. Not sure what that even means? We can help with that too. Our team offers a variety of solutions to a variety of problems/ troubles/sighs/ughs, etc. While each of our clients is literally unique (welcome to humanity!), at intake a lot describe themselves as lonely, dissatisfied, out of control, too up-tight, fine (forced smile), a mess, too much, not enough…perhaps some of that sounds familiar? Whether those fit exactly or not, if you are looking for answers, we're here to help.
(423) 205-1890 View (423) 205-1890
Photo of Christine Schneider, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Christine Schneider
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP, AS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
Not accepting new clients
I’m a trauma-informed, EMDR trained professional and would love to help harness the motivation you already have to help you continue your unique journey in life. I specialize in working with Children, Teens, and Adults (ages 6 and up). I’m honored to work with individuals struggling to overcome traumatic events, difficult childhoods, grief/loss, as well as day to day anxiety, depression, and other life stressors. My clients are motivated to change and are interested in personal exploration and growth. With the right support, perspective, and guidance, you're able to overcome whatever life is throwing at you with confidence.
I’m a trauma-informed, EMDR trained professional and would love to help harness the motivation you already have to help you continue your unique journey in life. I specialize in working with Children, Teens, and Adults (ages 6 and up). I’m honored to work with individuals struggling to overcome traumatic events, difficult childhoods, grief/loss, as well as day to day anxiety, depression, and other life stressors. My clients are motivated to change and are interested in personal exploration and growth. With the right support, perspective, and guidance, you're able to overcome whatever life is throwing at you with confidence.
(423) 401-6131 View (423) 401-6131
Photo of Abby Horton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Abby Horton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37403
My therapeutic approach is rooted in collaboration, authenticity, and compassion. My goal is to create an environment in which you can explore your own path as I support and guide you through achieving your goals. No matter the circumstance, everyone is worthy of a space to process their challenges and reach their full potential. I believe that healing is not a linear process, and each individual has a unique path to self-discovery and achieving wellness. I am hopeful for the opportunity to help you build better, stronger connections with yourself and others, and ultimately, to walk alongside you down your own path.
My therapeutic approach is rooted in collaboration, authenticity, and compassion. My goal is to create an environment in which you can explore your own path as I support and guide you through achieving your goals. No matter the circumstance, everyone is worthy of a space to process their challenges and reach their full potential. I believe that healing is not a linear process, and each individual has a unique path to self-discovery and achieving wellness. I am hopeful for the opportunity to help you build better, stronger connections with yourself and others, and ultimately, to walk alongside you down your own path.
(423) 481-8621 View (423) 481-8621
Photo of Jennifer M. Weller, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Jennifer M. Weller
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
On the outside it looks like you have it all together. But on the inside you never feel good enough and the voice in your head is quick to remind you of all the ways you’re falling short. You've spent the last however-many-years trying to keep everything together, but it’s exhausting, and you don’t think you can do it anymore. You're tired of giving so much to everyone else while you continue to come last on your list. Not anymore. It's time for a change.
On the outside it looks like you have it all together. But on the inside you never feel good enough and the voice in your head is quick to remind you of all the ways you’re falling short. You've spent the last however-many-years trying to keep everything together, but it’s exhausting, and you don’t think you can do it anymore. You're tired of giving so much to everyone else while you continue to come last on your list. Not anymore. It's time for a change.
(423) 250-9991 x300 View (423) 250-9991 x300

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

400+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Chattanooga, TN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
75% Coping Skills
74% Stress

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Cigna and Evernorth
72% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chattanooga, TN see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chattanooga?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.