Therapists in Brattleboro, VT

Photo of Norm Skorstad, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Norm Skorstad
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Not accepting new clients
I work collaboratively with adults and children dealing with issues such as trauma and loss, ADHD, anxiety and depression, and chronic pain, utilizing a pragmatic strength-based approach. Certified in EMDR, I also draw upon other mind-body modalities, such as Mindfulness Meditation, DBT, and attachment theory. My approach is grounded in spirituality and informed by over 30 years of participating in and leading mens groups. And it is characterized by a compassionate problem-solving attitude, and fueled by dogged determination and persistant stick-to-it-iveness. I teach clients stress-reduction techniques they can practice at home.
I work collaboratively with adults and children dealing with issues such as trauma and loss, ADHD, anxiety and depression, and chronic pain, utilizing a pragmatic strength-based approach. Certified in EMDR, I also draw upon other mind-body modalities, such as Mindfulness Meditation, DBT, and attachment theory. My approach is grounded in spirituality and informed by over 30 years of participating in and leading mens groups. And it is characterized by a compassionate problem-solving attitude, and fueled by dogged determination and persistant stick-to-it-iveness. I teach clients stress-reduction techniques they can practice at home.
(802) 257-0700 View (802) 257-0700
Photo of Roberta L Paley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Roberta L Paley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
VT MEDICAID ACCEPTED. NEW CLIENTS WELCOME! Do you react intensely to others' behavior? Do people say you are oversensitive? Do you sometimes need to withdraw from people to feel safe? A history of emotional wounding could be playing a big part in your distress. But it is often difficult to make the connection. Emotional mistreatment is not like physical or overt sexual abuse, which are episodic and which often leave specific memories. It is more of a pattern of behavior directed towards you that leaves you feeling hurt, alone and uncertain of your place in the world.
VT MEDICAID ACCEPTED. NEW CLIENTS WELCOME! Do you react intensely to others' behavior? Do people say you are oversensitive? Do you sometimes need to withdraw from people to feel safe? A history of emotional wounding could be playing a big part in your distress. But it is often difficult to make the connection. Emotional mistreatment is not like physical or overt sexual abuse, which are episodic and which often leave specific memories. It is more of a pattern of behavior directed towards you that leaves you feeling hurt, alone and uncertain of your place in the world.
(802) 992-1638 View (802) 992-1638
Photo of Inner Bridges Counseling, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Inner Bridges Counseling
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Waitlist for new clients
I have a background in Transpersonal Psychology, this means moving through difficult life experiences and transforming these to inhabit your highest potential. I have experience working with Uniformed Service Personal, with anxiety, depression, and trauma using EMDR. I facilitate groups in meditation and breath-work to provide tools for anxiety and depression. If you are looking for help with traumatic memories triggering anxiety and depression; seeking greater motivation and self-discipline; seeking help to move through difficult life transitions, divorce, grief, and loss; or simply desiring deepened presence in the here and now.
I have a background in Transpersonal Psychology, this means moving through difficult life experiences and transforming these to inhabit your highest potential. I have experience working with Uniformed Service Personal, with anxiety, depression, and trauma using EMDR. I facilitate groups in meditation and breath-work to provide tools for anxiety and depression. If you are looking for help with traumatic memories triggering anxiety and depression; seeking greater motivation and self-discipline; seeking help to move through difficult life transitions, divorce, grief, and loss; or simply desiring deepened presence in the here and now.
(802) 689-1119 x1 View (802) 689-1119 x1
Photo of Daniel Wade, Psychologist in Brattleboro, VT
Daniel Wade
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
I work with clients on a broad range of issues. Counseling and some testing.
I work with clients on a broad range of issues. Counseling and some testing.
(802) 523-2196 View (802) 523-2196
Photo of Karen Kraham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Karen Kraham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LADC
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
I am a caring, psychodynamically trained therapist who believes in the power of the relationship in healing and in helping to alter negative patterns. I provide psychotherapy services for adults, adolescents, families, couples, and seniors.
I am a caring, psychodynamically trained therapist who believes in the power of the relationship in healing and in helping to alter negative patterns. I provide psychotherapy services for adults, adolescents, families, couples, and seniors.
(802) 779-0732 View (802) 779-0732
Photo of Wendy Lenk McClary, Marriage & Family Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Wendy Lenk McClary
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Waitlist for new clients
The quest to live authentically is challenging but ultimately transformative. With hard work and supportive professional guidance, clients have the opportunity to examine persistent, troubling patterns without judgment or shame, and in doing so create space for growth and possibility. I work with clients age 6 to end of life -- individuals, partners, and families -- to explore individual and relational challenges that may lead to feeling depressed, anxious, or "stuck." I offer support with life transitions, including separation and divorce. My work is LGBTQ+ affirmative, culturally sensitive, trauma-informed, confidential.
The quest to live authentically is challenging but ultimately transformative. With hard work and supportive professional guidance, clients have the opportunity to examine persistent, troubling patterns without judgment or shame, and in doing so create space for growth and possibility. I work with clients age 6 to end of life -- individuals, partners, and families -- to explore individual and relational challenges that may lead to feeling depressed, anxious, or "stuck." I offer support with life transitions, including separation and divorce. My work is LGBTQ+ affirmative, culturally sensitive, trauma-informed, confidential.
(802) 230-1139 View (802) 230-1139
Photo of Leela Kelley in Brattleboro, VT
Leela Kelley
MA, R-DMT
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Hello! I offer Integrative Somatic Therapy & Coaching, which is a body-centered form of therapy that supports holistic wellness. My approach is compassionate, trauma-informed, embodied, and creative. I work with adults of all ages and gender identities who want to feel more connected to themselves, transform old patterns, and foster more self-love and acceptance. Through an embodied nervous system informed approach, I support folks around personal development and transformation, anxiety, stress, grief & loss.
Hello! I offer Integrative Somatic Therapy & Coaching, which is a body-centered form of therapy that supports holistic wellness. My approach is compassionate, trauma-informed, embodied, and creative. I work with adults of all ages and gender identities who want to feel more connected to themselves, transform old patterns, and foster more self-love and acceptance. Through an embodied nervous system informed approach, I support folks around personal development and transformation, anxiety, stress, grief & loss.
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Photo of Heather Lander, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Heather Lander
Counselor, M, S
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that everyone has the ability to heal and find their happiness in life. At times, we experience an event or events that may impact us in a way that we are unsure how to deal with and this can manifest in many ways. Whether you are a child coping with anxiety, trauma, or big emotions, or an adult struggling with a life change or mental health concerns, we all deserve empathy and support when tackling those difficult and often uncomfortable topics. It is my goal to create an environment where I am able to support and guide clients in being the best versions of themselves.
I believe that everyone has the ability to heal and find their happiness in life. At times, we experience an event or events that may impact us in a way that we are unsure how to deal with and this can manifest in many ways. Whether you are a child coping with anxiety, trauma, or big emotions, or an adult struggling with a life change or mental health concerns, we all deserve empathy and support when tackling those difficult and often uncomfortable topics. It is my goal to create an environment where I am able to support and guide clients in being the best versions of themselves.
(802) 521-2161 View (802) 521-2161
Photo of Jon Schottland, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Jon Schottland
Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
As a psychosynthesis trained counselor, my work with clients emphasizes and supports a process of self discovery, healing and personal fulfillment. Psychosynthesis offers specific methods and tools to help a person overcome obstacles, attune to their own inner voice, and move towards a greater sense of purpose and meaning. Clients discover new possibilities for living, working and relating to the world from a healthier, more authentic sense of self.
As a psychosynthesis trained counselor, my work with clients emphasizes and supports a process of self discovery, healing and personal fulfillment. Psychosynthesis offers specific methods and tools to help a person overcome obstacles, attune to their own inner voice, and move towards a greater sense of purpose and meaning. Clients discover new possibilities for living, working and relating to the world from a healthier, more authentic sense of self.
(802) 727-4581 View (802) 727-4581
Photo of Alexa Berton, LCMHC, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Alexa Berton, LCMHC
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Not accepting new clients
One of the ways of being able to make significant change in our lives is by building a therapeutic relationship in which we can begin to trust another person with our vulnerabilities. In the safety of that relationship, it becomes possible to look at the injuries that have created the patterns that are destructive to our lives. To help reveal this story, I utilize a range of tools and modalities depending on a person's story and needs.My work is psychodynamic and relationally based with a strong emphasis on the ways that attachment has unfolded in a person's life and how that has affected their ability to feel whole.
One of the ways of being able to make significant change in our lives is by building a therapeutic relationship in which we can begin to trust another person with our vulnerabilities. In the safety of that relationship, it becomes possible to look at the injuries that have created the patterns that are destructive to our lives. To help reveal this story, I utilize a range of tools and modalities depending on a person's story and needs.My work is psychodynamic and relationally based with a strong emphasis on the ways that attachment has unfolded in a person's life and how that has affected their ability to feel whole.
(802) 466-2639 View (802) 466-2639
Photo of Dianne Bravo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Dianne Bravo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05301  (Online Only)
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist licensed in Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, Massachusetts and Florida. With a variety of body-centered approaches, I see my role as a guide who creates a safe space for clients to explore and work through old patterns. I hold a mind, body, and spirit integration with a systemic approach. In my practice, I see couples, families and individuals. I have experience working with, but not limited to, infidelity, lack of physical or emotional intimacy, separation or divorce, poor communication, parenting or co-parenting, abusive or other destructive relationships, trauma, anxiety and depression.
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist licensed in Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, Massachusetts and Florida. With a variety of body-centered approaches, I see my role as a guide who creates a safe space for clients to explore and work through old patterns. I hold a mind, body, and spirit integration with a systemic approach. In my practice, I see couples, families and individuals. I have experience working with, but not limited to, infidelity, lack of physical or emotional intimacy, separation or divorce, poor communication, parenting or co-parenting, abusive or other destructive relationships, trauma, anxiety and depression.
(802) 245-3027 View (802) 245-3027
Photo of David F Levingston, Marriage & Family Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
David F Levingston
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
I help individuals and couples who want to improve the quality of their relationships - to others and to themselves. I help people who want to communicate better, who want to listen to and understand their partner better, and who want to get more of a handle on their reactions. I also work with individuals who want to feel less stressed, who want to feel better about who they are, who want more clarity, and who know that a greater sense of fulfillment and peace is possible. To get the best sense of what I offer, please visit my website. Offering both in-person and video for VT. And video only in CA for the present time being.
I help individuals and couples who want to improve the quality of their relationships - to others and to themselves. I help people who want to communicate better, who want to listen to and understand their partner better, and who want to get more of a handle on their reactions. I also work with individuals who want to feel less stressed, who want to feel better about who they are, who want more clarity, and who know that a greater sense of fulfillment and peace is possible. To get the best sense of what I offer, please visit my website. Offering both in-person and video for VT. And video only in CA for the present time being.
(415) 717-0918 View (415) 717-0918
Photo of Bill Warriner, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Bill Warriner
Counselor, LCMHC, LADC, MDiv
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
I usually find that clients managing anxiety, depression, loss and/or addiction are first looking for a compassionate listener with the experience and knowledge that facilitates emerging inner strength. My approach is compassionate, non-judgmental and professional. Frequently my clients have issues with drugs or alcohol and I may work also with their partners, family, or concerned friends. I feel it is critical for everyone involved to know that they are not alone in their struggles, that support and guidance are available and that therapy has helped people feel better than they thought possible.
I usually find that clients managing anxiety, depression, loss and/or addiction are first looking for a compassionate listener with the experience and knowledge that facilitates emerging inner strength. My approach is compassionate, non-judgmental and professional. Frequently my clients have issues with drugs or alcohol and I may work also with their partners, family, or concerned friends. I feel it is critical for everyone involved to know that they are not alone in their struggles, that support and guidance are available and that therapy has helped people feel better than they thought possible.
(802) 392-4165 View (802) 392-4165
Photo of Richard Langsner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Richard Langsner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LADC
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301  (Online Only)
Asking for help can be difficult, but the relief it brings is worth it. I offer my clients 27 years of experience, knowledge, and skills. Along with my expertise, I bring attention, understanding, non-judgment, and compassion to the therapeutic relationship. My work is grounded in the Science of Attachment and Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT). We are biologically wired for connection; it's an innate need. We thrive and feel content when this need is met; conversely, we suffer when it isn't. For me, the joy of this work is seeing the partners shift from feelings of anger, aloneness, or disappointment to tenderness and reconnection.
Asking for help can be difficult, but the relief it brings is worth it. I offer my clients 27 years of experience, knowledge, and skills. Along with my expertise, I bring attention, understanding, non-judgment, and compassion to the therapeutic relationship. My work is grounded in the Science of Attachment and Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT). We are biologically wired for connection; it's an innate need. We thrive and feel content when this need is met; conversely, we suffer when it isn't. For me, the joy of this work is seeing the partners shift from feelings of anger, aloneness, or disappointment to tenderness and reconnection.
(802) 277-7125 View (802) 277-7125
Photo of Wendy E. Baxter, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Wendy E. Baxter
Counselor, LCMHC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05301  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Cairn Counseling: We are all on a journey. Sometimes you can feel like you’ve hit a dead end or are at a crossroad unsure how to move forward. Cairns mark the trail just as therapy can help you find your path to inner wisdom, growth, and peace. Our task together is to develop the skills needed to navigate the terrain and weather the storms as we also discover joy in the moments along the way.
Cairn Counseling: We are all on a journey. Sometimes you can feel like you’ve hit a dead end or are at a crossroad unsure how to move forward. Cairns mark the trail just as therapy can help you find your path to inner wisdom, growth, and peace. Our task together is to develop the skills needed to navigate the terrain and weather the storms as we also discover joy in the moments along the way.
(802) 327-8278 View (802) 327-8278
Photo of Renee Kondos, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Renee Kondos
Counselor, LCMHC, MA
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Welcome to Hobbyhorse Counseling, LLC! My practice focuses on treating children and families that have experienced trauma, as well as working with those who experience trauma due to being marginalized by our society. I believe in focusing on strengths, spending time engaged in play, and building a team of supports to help achieve goals.
Welcome to Hobbyhorse Counseling, LLC! My practice focuses on treating children and families that have experienced trauma, as well as working with those who experience trauma due to being marginalized by our society. I believe in focusing on strengths, spending time engaged in play, and building a team of supports to help achieve goals.
(802) 808-6689 View (802) 808-6689
Photo of Michael Jaro, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Michael Jaro
Counselor
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Not accepting new clients
I have been a psychotherapist for over 40 years with individuals and couples. I consider myself a spiritual psychologist and a relationship counselor. I use a synthesis of body-mind, mindfulness and relational approaches. My focus is to support the person to stand in their own strength, courage and compassion. As they feel their own sense of worth then they are more able to express this in relationship, the creative arts, or work. "When inward tenderness finds the secret hurt, Pain itself will crack the rock and AH! LET THE SOUL EMERGE. Rumi
I have been a psychotherapist for over 40 years with individuals and couples. I consider myself a spiritual psychologist and a relationship counselor. I use a synthesis of body-mind, mindfulness and relational approaches. My focus is to support the person to stand in their own strength, courage and compassion. As they feel their own sense of worth then they are more able to express this in relationship, the creative arts, or work. "When inward tenderness finds the secret hurt, Pain itself will crack the rock and AH! LET THE SOUL EMERGE. Rumi
(617) 874-1974 View (617) 874-1974
Photo of By Your Side, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
By Your Side
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, OTA
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Growing older can mean confronting many psychological, emotional, medical and social issues in one's life. Dealing with loss comes in all sizes and each one is unique to you. Loss of loved ones, physical ability, independence, purpose, connection with others are just some of the on-going challenges that elders face and often face alone. Having support to negotiate these life changes with grace, creativity and empowerment is crucial in living to one's fullest. This support is what I provide to anyone who finds themselves in life transition, regardless of age.
Growing older can mean confronting many psychological, emotional, medical and social issues in one's life. Dealing with loss comes in all sizes and each one is unique to you. Loss of loved ones, physical ability, independence, purpose, connection with others are just some of the on-going challenges that elders face and often face alone. Having support to negotiate these life changes with grace, creativity and empowerment is crucial in living to one's fullest. This support is what I provide to anyone who finds themselves in life transition, regardless of age.
(802) 328-9481 View (802) 328-9481
Photo of Kate Greenen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Kate Greenen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Waitlist for new clients
Thank you for taking a moment to read about me and my practice! I help couples find ways to feel connected, respected, and loved. If you feel dissatisfied, scared, or confused about relationships with others (and your relationship with yourself!) in your life, I can help. Research suggests that the best predictor of therapeutic success is the relationship one has with the therapist, not the type of therapy used. Finding someone who fits you is the most important part of this work. If you'd like to see if my approach would work for you, please visit my website at kategreenenlmft.com.
Thank you for taking a moment to read about me and my practice! I help couples find ways to feel connected, respected, and loved. If you feel dissatisfied, scared, or confused about relationships with others (and your relationship with yourself!) in your life, I can help. Research suggests that the best predictor of therapeutic success is the relationship one has with the therapist, not the type of therapy used. Finding someone who fits you is the most important part of this work. If you'd like to see if my approach would work for you, please visit my website at kategreenenlmft.com.
(802) 230-1195 View (802) 230-1195
Photo of Wendy Fiering, Marriage & Family Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Wendy Fiering
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301  (Online Only)
Feeling overwhelmed? Is anxiety, grief, or stress taking over? I'm here to help. I offer therapy for adults, kids, and families that's strengths-based, collaborative, and solution-focused. We'll create positive momentum from our first meeting. Building on the strengths you or your child already have, I’ll offer tools and strategies to use when challenging situations arise. You'll gain a new perspective, a sense of hope, and practical strategies to use during the week.
Feeling overwhelmed? Is anxiety, grief, or stress taking over? I'm here to help. I offer therapy for adults, kids, and families that's strengths-based, collaborative, and solution-focused. We'll create positive momentum from our first meeting. Building on the strengths you or your child already have, I’ll offer tools and strategies to use when challenging situations arise. You'll gain a new perspective, a sense of hope, and practical strategies to use during the week.
(510) 681-2740 View (510) 681-2740

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Brattleboro, VT

100+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Brattleboro, VT who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
82% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
65% Trauma and PTSD
64% Stress
61% Grief

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Medicaid
42% Green Mountain Care

How Therapists in Brattleboro, VT see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

69% Female
27% Male
4% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Brattleboro?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.