Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Doris Wild Helmering, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Doris Wild Helmering
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63131
I believe almost all problems are solvable. If you decide to see me for therapy, the first thing I'll probably ask is, "What's going on? Why have you come?" Perhaps you're having difficulty with a relationship or your struggling with a child or your weight. You may be trying to decide if you want to continue in a relationship or look for another job. Or you've noticed that you're drinking too much or getting too angry or obsessing. Maybe you're feeling anxious, depressed or lonely, and despite your best efforts, you can't seem to shake these feelings.
I believe almost all problems are solvable. If you decide to see me for therapy, the first thing I'll probably ask is, "What's going on? Why have you come?" Perhaps you're having difficulty with a relationship or your struggling with a child or your weight. You may be trying to decide if you want to continue in a relationship or look for another job. Or you've noticed that you're drinking too much or getting too angry or obsessing. Maybe you're feeling anxious, depressed or lonely, and despite your best efforts, you can't seem to shake these feelings.
(636) 238-1854 View (636) 238-1854
Photo of Eric Gregory, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Eric Gregory
Licensed Professional Counselor, MDiv, MAC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63116
I come to the counseling room as a fellow traveller with a strong desire to create emotional and spiritual safety, regardless of what must be faced. Much of my experience has been focused on helping men find hope and a voice amid brokenness, loneliness, and relational trouble. I meet with individuals wrestling with anxiety, depression, past or present abuse, sexual confusion, sexual addiction, and spiritual and emotional health in general. Real relief and real growth are really possible!
I come to the counseling room as a fellow traveller with a strong desire to create emotional and spiritual safety, regardless of what must be faced. Much of my experience has been focused on helping men find hope and a voice amid brokenness, loneliness, and relational trouble. I meet with individuals wrestling with anxiety, depression, past or present abuse, sexual confusion, sexual addiction, and spiritual and emotional health in general. Real relief and real growth are really possible!
(314) 207-5890 View (314) 207-5890
Photo of Emotional Change Inc., Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Emotional Change Inc.
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, LCSW, LPC
Not Verified Not Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63123
Please email us or visit our website to schedule an appointment as most of our "in office" staff are working remotely at this time. However our ongoing process will ensure you will have a great, competent therapist. Emotional Change provides quality therapy to diverse populations with diverse needs by providing a variety of therapists to meet those needs. By calling us, you will get a really good feel for who we are. We'll do our best to meet your needs. We accept most Insurances/Victims-of-Crime and private pay. We'll help take the stress out of finding a therapist. Individual/Couple/Group therapy is available.
Please email us or visit our website to schedule an appointment as most of our "in office" staff are working remotely at this time. However our ongoing process will ensure you will have a great, competent therapist. Emotional Change provides quality therapy to diverse populations with diverse needs by providing a variety of therapists to meet those needs. By calling us, you will get a really good feel for who we are. We'll do our best to meet your needs. We accept most Insurances/Victims-of-Crime and private pay. We'll help take the stress out of finding a therapist. Individual/Couple/Group therapy is available.
(314) 720-3033 View (314) 720-3033
Photo of Emily Mitchell-Harris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Emily Mitchell-Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RPT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63127  (Online Only)
Growing up is HARD. You get home after a tiring day at school where you felt invisible. You sat with friends at lunch, but left feeling like they don’t really get you. You open your backpack to loads of homework, when your mom reminds you to work on your college applications. The overwhelm takes over. You grab your phone and start to scroll, which leaves you feeling numb, empty and alone. After a tense family dinner, you go back to your room, feeling unheard and misunderstood. Figuring out who you are and what you want is hard while navigating school, work, friends, family, and relationships. You just wish things were easier.
Growing up is HARD. You get home after a tiring day at school where you felt invisible. You sat with friends at lunch, but left feeling like they don’t really get you. You open your backpack to loads of homework, when your mom reminds you to work on your college applications. The overwhelm takes over. You grab your phone and start to scroll, which leaves you feeling numb, empty and alone. After a tense family dinner, you go back to your room, feeling unheard and misunderstood. Figuring out who you are and what you want is hard while navigating school, work, friends, family, and relationships. You just wish things were easier.
(314) 690-5049 View (314) 690-5049
Photo of Taylor Bass, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Taylor Bass
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
What would it look like to feel safe in your body? What would it look like to be whole? What might it feel like to love yourself authentically and wholeheartedly? These simple but profound questions call out to us and point us toward possibility and hope. Nobody has life 100% down, but healing and ongoing well-being are genuinely possible. Let’s do this together! I have special interest and experience working with adolescents and adults surrounding perinatal mental health, depression, anxiety, relationships, and life transitions, as well as trauma and PTSD related to issues of race, and community violence.
What would it look like to feel safe in your body? What would it look like to be whole? What might it feel like to love yourself authentically and wholeheartedly? These simple but profound questions call out to us and point us toward possibility and hope. Nobody has life 100% down, but healing and ongoing well-being are genuinely possible. Let’s do this together! I have special interest and experience working with adolescents and adults surrounding perinatal mental health, depression, anxiety, relationships, and life transitions, as well as trauma and PTSD related to issues of race, and community violence.
(314) 207-4005 View (314) 207-4005
Photo of Tonya Hutchinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Tonya Hutchinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Therapy is a partnership between the client and the therapist, and I feel honored when I am allowed to walk the path towards hope, empowerment and healing with another individual. You deserve someone who sees you, and will listen with an empathetic and non-judgmental ear. Life itself can be a struggle at times, and part of my role is to help you to recognize your strengths and assist you with concrete tools. For Black and Brown folks, as well as the LGBTQIA community, the stress can be overwhelming. It is ok, and at times necessary, to have that safe place, and safe person to hear you out. You are worth it!
Therapy is a partnership between the client and the therapist, and I feel honored when I am allowed to walk the path towards hope, empowerment and healing with another individual. You deserve someone who sees you, and will listen with an empathetic and non-judgmental ear. Life itself can be a struggle at times, and part of my role is to help you to recognize your strengths and assist you with concrete tools. For Black and Brown folks, as well as the LGBTQIA community, the stress can be overwhelming. It is ok, and at times necessary, to have that safe place, and safe person to hear you out. You are worth it!
(314) 501-9691 View (314) 501-9691
Photo of Michelle Steeg, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Michelle Steeg
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63126
Have you ever asked yourself, "Is this it? Is this all there is for the rest of my life? What about me? This is not what I thought my life would look like at this point. I want more! But how do I get it? I'm not even sure what 'more' means, but I know something is missing in my life. I just want to feel fulfilled." If you are nodding along with this, you are not alone. Nearly every woman, whether she's 22 or 52, is saying the same thing: "I want more out of my life!"
Have you ever asked yourself, "Is this it? Is this all there is for the rest of my life? What about me? This is not what I thought my life would look like at this point. I want more! But how do I get it? I'm not even sure what 'more' means, but I know something is missing in my life. I just want to feel fulfilled." If you are nodding along with this, you are not alone. Nearly every woman, whether she's 22 or 52, is saying the same thing: "I want more out of my life!"
(314) 309-2499 View (314) 309-2499
Photo of William Arrington, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
William Arrington
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63101
Perhaps you're in a relationship, family, or job where everything is always your fault. You're made to feel not good enough, that you have to try harder despite the other never taking accountability. You have difficulty expressing yourself in fear of the other person throwing it back in your face. Perhaps this mounting pressure from those relationships have made you give up, anxious, or just feel stuck. You don't know who you are anymore—you’ve been told how to think and feel. You may feel like you’re in a fog or just don’t know how to get back on track to the way things used to be.
Perhaps you're in a relationship, family, or job where everything is always your fault. You're made to feel not good enough, that you have to try harder despite the other never taking accountability. You have difficulty expressing yourself in fear of the other person throwing it back in your face. Perhaps this mounting pressure from those relationships have made you give up, anxious, or just feel stuck. You don't know who you are anymore—you’ve been told how to think and feel. You may feel like you’re in a fog or just don’t know how to get back on track to the way things used to be.
(314) 907-0747 View (314) 907-0747
Photo of Eris Barron, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Eris Barron
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63132
Life is a struggle and it is difficult to find someone down-to-Earth to talk about life's problems with. My name is Eris and I am passionate about working with LGBTQIA+ adolescents and young adults as a safe space for identity exploration and acceptance. You are the expert of your life and know yourself better than anyone. I am here to help guide you toward the next step in life toward becoming your ideal self. I am also available to do Autism Testing (ADOS-2).
Life is a struggle and it is difficult to find someone down-to-Earth to talk about life's problems with. My name is Eris and I am passionate about working with LGBTQIA+ adolescents and young adults as a safe space for identity exploration and acceptance. You are the expert of your life and know yourself better than anyone. I am here to help guide you toward the next step in life toward becoming your ideal self. I am also available to do Autism Testing (ADOS-2).
(314) 886-6156 View (314) 886-6156
Photo of Bayla M. Myer, Psychologist in Saint Louis, MO
Bayla M. Myer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63128
I have over thirty-five years of experience treating individuals, couples, and families dealing with depression, anxiety disorders, marital discord, and family dysfunction. Changing oneself, therefore changing others around you, can lead to happier relationships. Understanding and insight can raise self-esteem. I provide a safe, confidential, and trusting environment to explore one's feelings and consider options to produce different and improved results. Video and telehealth sessions have been added to accommodate the COVID-19 safety protocols.
I have over thirty-five years of experience treating individuals, couples, and families dealing with depression, anxiety disorders, marital discord, and family dysfunction. Changing oneself, therefore changing others around you, can lead to happier relationships. Understanding and insight can raise self-esteem. I provide a safe, confidential, and trusting environment to explore one's feelings and consider options to produce different and improved results. Video and telehealth sessions have been added to accommodate the COVID-19 safety protocols.
(314) 828-2354 View (314) 828-2354
Photo of Rebecca Growe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Rebecca Growe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63105
Waitlist for new clients
I work with kids of all ages, parents, and families.
I work with kids of all ages, parents, and families.
(314) 287-5472 View (314) 287-5472
Photo of Jessica Huber, Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Jessica Huber
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63118
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy partnering with adolescents and adults with a holistic approach, taking time to understand and value your unique experience. I am especially passionate about working with challenges of emotional regulation (particularly anxiety and anger), self-image and identity, and times of transition. My goal as a therapist is to help you understand yourself and equip you as you move towards healthier ways of relating with yourself and others. I approach this by mapping out relational dynamics and helping you build the skills needed to thrive in overwhelming situations.
I enjoy partnering with adolescents and adults with a holistic approach, taking time to understand and value your unique experience. I am especially passionate about working with challenges of emotional regulation (particularly anxiety and anger), self-image and identity, and times of transition. My goal as a therapist is to help you understand yourself and equip you as you move towards healthier ways of relating with yourself and others. I approach this by mapping out relational dynamics and helping you build the skills needed to thrive in overwhelming situations.
(314) 944-2210 View (314) 944-2210
Photo of Jennifer Morgan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Jennifer Morgan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, BCPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63123
My focus is developing a relationship with my clients that becomes the foundation for transformation. My work is guided by the belief that much in life is related to the core need of knowing and being known. After addressing physical needs & causes, I often lean into the idea that our thoughts are part of what cause our feelings and behaviors. If we are able to change the way we think about the world, we will be able to change the way we feel and act. Most importantly, having someone who cares walk along side you can make all the difference in the world. Change isn't easy, but seeking help means you don't have to do it alone.
My focus is developing a relationship with my clients that becomes the foundation for transformation. My work is guided by the belief that much in life is related to the core need of knowing and being known. After addressing physical needs & causes, I often lean into the idea that our thoughts are part of what cause our feelings and behaviors. If we are able to change the way we think about the world, we will be able to change the way we feel and act. Most importantly, having someone who cares walk along side you can make all the difference in the world. Change isn't easy, but seeking help means you don't have to do it alone.
(314) 828-1408 View (314) 828-1408
Photo of Melissa A Peterson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Melissa A Peterson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63117
Waitlist for new clients
**CURRENTLY HAVE WAITLIST FOR NEW CLIENTS** Melissa has been practicing clinical social work/psychotherapy with adolescents and adults for over 15 years, specializing in eating disorders, anxiety, depression, self-injury and grief/loss. She has an eclectic approach, drawing from psychodynamic, interpersonal and skills-based therapies including cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Her approach is compassionate, non-judgmental, collaborative and integrative. She has a profound respect for the complexity of people's lives and experiences.
**CURRENTLY HAVE WAITLIST FOR NEW CLIENTS** Melissa has been practicing clinical social work/psychotherapy with adolescents and adults for over 15 years, specializing in eating disorders, anxiety, depression, self-injury and grief/loss. She has an eclectic approach, drawing from psychodynamic, interpersonal and skills-based therapies including cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Her approach is compassionate, non-judgmental, collaborative and integrative. She has a profound respect for the complexity of people's lives and experiences.
(314) 696-6232 View (314) 696-6232
Photo of Sarah F Coffman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Sarah F Coffman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63143
Focused on women and female youth, Sarah's practice offers therapy for individuals, families and groups, within a safe and nurturing environment. This strong therapeutic alliance affords clients the comfort in which to develop greater self-awareness, heal from past traumas, and learn to cope with present difficulties. Along with her full-time private practice, Sarah is an Adjunct Professor at Washington University Brown School, where she received her graduate degree, and maintains an active presence in the community as a private doula and as the Missouri Co-Coordinator for Postpartum Support International.
Focused on women and female youth, Sarah's practice offers therapy for individuals, families and groups, within a safe and nurturing environment. This strong therapeutic alliance affords clients the comfort in which to develop greater self-awareness, heal from past traumas, and learn to cope with present difficulties. Along with her full-time private practice, Sarah is an Adjunct Professor at Washington University Brown School, where she received her graduate degree, and maintains an active presence in the community as a private doula and as the Missouri Co-Coordinator for Postpartum Support International.
(314) 527-3084 View (314) 527-3084
Photo of Lori E Kiefer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Lori E Kiefer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63109
I have 25+ years experience working with individual adults, and couples, on a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, grief and loss, self esteem and other challenges to well being. My desire as a therapist is to provide a place of safety in which these issues can be addressed. I utilize a combination of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
I have 25+ years experience working with individual adults, and couples, on a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, grief and loss, self esteem and other challenges to well being. My desire as a therapist is to provide a place of safety in which these issues can be addressed. I utilize a combination of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
(314) 277-0118 View (314) 277-0118
Photo of Deedra Ivie, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Deedra Ivie
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Deedra Ivie. My goal is to help you find the strength that is already inside of you and bring that to light. Each client is different and has needs unique to their upbringing and life circumstances. I enjoy learning about your past circumstances, ways of thinking and current situation to find the best way to move forward to achieve progress and find peace. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with most clients suffering from depression and anxiety. I work with you to identify the exact feelings you are experiencing. Then we work on identifying the thought behind the feeling.
Hi, I’m Deedra Ivie. My goal is to help you find the strength that is already inside of you and bring that to light. Each client is different and has needs unique to their upbringing and life circumstances. I enjoy learning about your past circumstances, ways of thinking and current situation to find the best way to move forward to achieve progress and find peace. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with most clients suffering from depression and anxiety. I work with you to identify the exact feelings you are experiencing. Then we work on identifying the thought behind the feeling.
(314) 936-3244 View (314) 936-3244
Photo of Genevieve Friedmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Genevieve Friedmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109
You face unique challenges and feel alone in sorting through all life throws at you. Constant demands pull you in every direction, leaving you feeling inadequate; as if you’ve lost you own voice and vision for what you want out of your relationships, life, and future. Maybe it feels like a struggle to make a meaningful connection, a decision, or time to focus on your own well-being. You’re left feeling stuck and unsure of how to move forward. You want your relationships to be a place for support and understanding. You want to have balance, peace and stability.
You face unique challenges and feel alone in sorting through all life throws at you. Constant demands pull you in every direction, leaving you feeling inadequate; as if you’ve lost you own voice and vision for what you want out of your relationships, life, and future. Maybe it feels like a struggle to make a meaningful connection, a decision, or time to focus on your own well-being. You’re left feeling stuck and unsure of how to move forward. You want your relationships to be a place for support and understanding. You want to have balance, peace and stability.
(636) 200-6871 View (636) 200-6871
Photo of Casey Knarr in Saint Louis, MO
Casey Knarr
PLPC, MEd, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63118
Not accepting new clients
Showing up in the world as your authentic, honest self is terrifying. Moreover, the world we live in is deeply, fundamentally broken. Systems of racism, transphobia, queerphobia, ableism, and classism create deep mental health wounds in our minds and bodies. Managing and beginning to heal is not easy, but it doesn’t have to be this hard. In session, I work to create a space where you can be your most authentic self. This means bringing all of you, even (or especially) the parts that feel scared, ashamed, or angry.
Showing up in the world as your authentic, honest self is terrifying. Moreover, the world we live in is deeply, fundamentally broken. Systems of racism, transphobia, queerphobia, ableism, and classism create deep mental health wounds in our minds and bodies. Managing and beginning to heal is not easy, but it doesn’t have to be this hard. In session, I work to create a space where you can be your most authentic self. This means bringing all of you, even (or especially) the parts that feel scared, ashamed, or angry.
(314) 582-5422 x4 View (314) 582-5422 x4
Alan Reeves
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63110
I am a Cognitive Behavior Therapist. I have modified the system to help individuals met their goals. I believe that it is important to know exactly what is needed in order to get the results a client seeks. I have complete system that I use to help individuals know when they ar doing better and meeting their goals.
I am a Cognitive Behavior Therapist. I have modified the system to help individuals met their goals. I believe that it is important to know exactly what is needed in order to get the results a client seeks. I have complete system that I use to help individuals know when they ar doing better and meeting their goals.
(314) 208-2815 View (314) 208-2815

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.