Therapists in Columbia, MO

Photo of Joshua C Hulen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Joshua C Hulen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203  (Online Only)
I offer individual counseling, mindfulness training, EMDR, and life coaching through video chatting. Common focus areas include: personal growth and development, career issues, lifestyle issues, assertive communication, self-esteem, ADHD, anger management, persistent mental health problems, addictions, trauma, and disability. I enjoy positive psychology and prefer to focus on solutions, strengths, and assets. I feel it is important to view each person from their unique cultural experience with a nonjudgmental stance. I believe in the biopsychosocial model and understand health and functioning as being systemic in nature.
I offer individual counseling, mindfulness training, EMDR, and life coaching through video chatting. Common focus areas include: personal growth and development, career issues, lifestyle issues, assertive communication, self-esteem, ADHD, anger management, persistent mental health problems, addictions, trauma, and disability. I enjoy positive psychology and prefer to focus on solutions, strengths, and assets. I feel it is important to view each person from their unique cultural experience with a nonjudgmental stance. I believe in the biopsychosocial model and understand health and functioning as being systemic in nature.
(573) 535-6961 View (573) 535-6961
Photo of James B. Hertel, Ph.D., LLC, Psychologist in Columbia, MO
James B. Hertel, Ph.D., LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65201
I can help you achieve healthier relationships, more confidence, self understanding, and peace of mind. I have helped adults, college students and couples with support, understanding and answers for over 20 years. I am best suited to help people struggling with relationship problems, depression, anxiety, and chronic unhappiness. I have a depth of "real-world" experiences. I offer a FREE PHONE CONSULTATION. This is a one-time call in which I will provide suggestions how to help you! Accepting all insurance plans, credit and debit cards. Call 573-424-2605 or visit http://www.jimhertelphd.com.
I can help you achieve healthier relationships, more confidence, self understanding, and peace of mind. I have helped adults, college students and couples with support, understanding and answers for over 20 years. I am best suited to help people struggling with relationship problems, depression, anxiety, and chronic unhappiness. I have a depth of "real-world" experiences. I offer a FREE PHONE CONSULTATION. This is a one-time call in which I will provide suggestions how to help you! Accepting all insurance plans, credit and debit cards. Call 573-424-2605 or visit http://www.jimhertelphd.com.
(573) 535-5452 View (573) 535-5452
Photo of Sarah Galatta, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Sarah Galatta
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
Tried other therapies and not feeling quite satisfied? I like to use different modalities to help a client feel “unstuck”. I am skilled in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy. With both therapies I like to take an active approach in setting goals and working towards these goals in an empathic and effective way. We will be a team working towards the same goals of helping you live your best life from here forward!
Tried other therapies and not feeling quite satisfied? I like to use different modalities to help a client feel “unstuck”. I am skilled in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy. With both therapies I like to take an active approach in setting goals and working towards these goals in an empathic and effective way. We will be a team working towards the same goals of helping you live your best life from here forward!
(573) 367-4952 View (573) 367-4952
Photo of Valerie Hooper, Psychologist in Columbia, MO
Valerie Hooper
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65201  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Do you want to thrive but feel you are just surviving? Are you spinning in circles not sure how to do it? As a licensed psychologist and owner of Vitality Psychological Services, my desire is to empower you on your mental health journey. Whether you are looking for a psychological assessment or therapy services, it begins with developing a relationship and gaining an understanding of the problem. I will take the time to listen and collaboratively develop a plan with you.
Do you want to thrive but feel you are just surviving? Are you spinning in circles not sure how to do it? As a licensed psychologist and owner of Vitality Psychological Services, my desire is to empower you on your mental health journey. Whether you are looking for a psychological assessment or therapy services, it begins with developing a relationship and gaining an understanding of the problem. I will take the time to listen and collaboratively develop a plan with you.
(573) 363-4356 View (573) 363-4356
Photo of Marriage & Family Counseling Center, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Marriage & Family Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
Do you find your relationship is in a rut? Are you unable to resolve conflict? Do you feel disconnected from your partner? The Marriage & Family Counseling Center can help! While all couples and relationships experience negative patterns at times, there are ways to end those cycles and find healing, reduce conflict and create a more fulfilling relationship.
Do you find your relationship is in a rut? Are you unable to resolve conflict? Do you feel disconnected from your partner? The Marriage & Family Counseling Center can help! While all couples and relationships experience negative patterns at times, there are ways to end those cycles and find healing, reduce conflict and create a more fulfilling relationship.
(573) 494-6780 View (573) 494-6780
Photo of Melissa Rapp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, MO
Melissa Rapp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201
Are you stressed, depressed, or anxious? Are you struggling to cope with loss or change? Are your relationships suffering? Are you looking for a safe, welcoming, non-judgmental environment to figure things out?
Are you stressed, depressed, or anxious? Are you struggling to cope with loss or change? Are your relationships suffering? Are you looking for a safe, welcoming, non-judgmental environment to figure things out?
(573) 363-4356 View (573) 363-4356
Photo of Kevin Crosby, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Kevin Crosby
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65202
If you feel overwhelmed due to past trauma or an uncertain future, no matter the cause of anxiety, depression or psychosis, I am here to help you find the path to the abundant life you are after. I am available to work with children, teens, and adults. I can provide individual, couples, and group therapy. As social beings, I believe that all our relationships influence who we are and who we are to become. That is why I will focus on building a dynamic therapeutic relationship from the start. If this is what you are looking for, then you have found the right therapist. I specialize in men's issues, autism, and couples concerns.
If you feel overwhelmed due to past trauma or an uncertain future, no matter the cause of anxiety, depression or psychosis, I am here to help you find the path to the abundant life you are after. I am available to work with children, teens, and adults. I can provide individual, couples, and group therapy. As social beings, I believe that all our relationships influence who we are and who we are to become. That is why I will focus on building a dynamic therapeutic relationship from the start. If this is what you are looking for, then you have found the right therapist. I specialize in men's issues, autism, and couples concerns.
(573) 284-2903 View (573) 284-2903
Photo of Katrina Kanwischer Jagim, Marriage & Family Therapist in Columbia, MO
Katrina Kanwischer Jagim
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65202  (Online Only)
Hi! I am a trauma-informed,licensed marriage and family therapist that works with individuals, couples and families. I facilitate a warm, caring, and open space where clients can explore their emotions, attachment styles, build resilience, and discover inner strengths. My typical client is a high achieving/perfectionist type personality learning better ways of managing these symptoms and internal processes. I facilitate a deeper understanding of where present symptoms stem from (the root). I specialize in Anxiety, depression, stress, grief, loss, parenting, trauma, infertility/RPL and couples. Www.newmoontherapyllc.org
Hi! I am a trauma-informed,licensed marriage and family therapist that works with individuals, couples and families. I facilitate a warm, caring, and open space where clients can explore their emotions, attachment styles, build resilience, and discover inner strengths. My typical client is a high achieving/perfectionist type personality learning better ways of managing these symptoms and internal processes. I facilitate a deeper understanding of where present symptoms stem from (the root). I specialize in Anxiety, depression, stress, grief, loss, parenting, trauma, infertility/RPL and couples. Www.newmoontherapyllc.org
(573) 633-4126 View (573) 633-4126
Photo of Brian Bowles, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Brian Bowles
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201
If you are caught in a rut or unsure how to get through a crisis in your life, working with me can be a spur to your personal growth. If your relationships are not where you want them to be, I can help you and your partner create the connection, understanding, and respect you want. If you've tried unsuccessfully to change a behavior, I can make a difference as someone with experience treating addictions and other compulsive behaviors. As a counselor, I can help you see what's getting in your way and learn what you can do to make the changes you want.
If you are caught in a rut or unsure how to get through a crisis in your life, working with me can be a spur to your personal growth. If your relationships are not where you want them to be, I can help you and your partner create the connection, understanding, and respect you want. If you've tried unsuccessfully to change a behavior, I can make a difference as someone with experience treating addictions and other compulsive behaviors. As a counselor, I can help you see what's getting in your way and learn what you can do to make the changes you want.
(573) 229-0763 View (573) 229-0763
Photo of Joshua Parmenter, Psychologist in Columbia, MO
Joshua Parmenter
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
The road we travel towards living as our truest self is by no means smooth. Often, we have learned messages that get in the way of living authentically, whether it be messages from society, family, peers, strangers, or even ourselves. We may feel lost and uncertain of finding a way forward. We will work together to find ways that you can feel empowered to break free from these messages to live openly and authentically. I love working with many different concerns including healing from traumatic experiences, being present with our emotions, creating positive self-narratives, and providing affirming LGBTQ+ care.
The road we travel towards living as our truest self is by no means smooth. Often, we have learned messages that get in the way of living authentically, whether it be messages from society, family, peers, strangers, or even ourselves. We may feel lost and uncertain of finding a way forward. We will work together to find ways that you can feel empowered to break free from these messages to live openly and authentically. I love working with many different concerns including healing from traumatic experiences, being present with our emotions, creating positive self-narratives, and providing affirming LGBTQ+ care.
(573) 279-2864 View (573) 279-2864
Photo of Shamon Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Shamon Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65201
You don't have to struggle to get through the day! Learn skills to work through feelings of not being enough, and develop strategies that diminish anxiety and depression symptoms. Trauma and dysregulation do not have to control your life, you get to be in control of your journey! Don't let your past or unresolved family issues keep you feeling worthless. Let's work through these challenges together, you don't have to figure this out alone! If you find yourself frequently needing to please others or just unsure of who you are I may be the counselor for you! -Now providing Couples Counseling as well!
You don't have to struggle to get through the day! Learn skills to work through feelings of not being enough, and develop strategies that diminish anxiety and depression symptoms. Trauma and dysregulation do not have to control your life, you get to be in control of your journey! Don't let your past or unresolved family issues keep you feeling worthless. Let's work through these challenges together, you don't have to figure this out alone! If you find yourself frequently needing to please others or just unsure of who you are I may be the counselor for you! -Now providing Couples Counseling as well!
(573) 262-8436 View (573) 262-8436
Photo of Columbia Psychology Healing Center LLC, Psychologist in Columbia, MO
Columbia Psychology Healing Center LLC
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65202
You are a unique individual wonderfully created to do amazing things. It is my passion to get to know you through a thorough, collaborative evaluation that facilitates your healing journey to your true identity. A psychological evaluation is the closest thing we have in the mental health field to a full physical health exam. You deserve more than just a surface look at what makes you YOU. Dr. Emily has experience since 2009 doing comprehensive psychological evaluations with teens (ages 16 and up) and adults. Note: NOT in insurance networks.
You are a unique individual wonderfully created to do amazing things. It is my passion to get to know you through a thorough, collaborative evaluation that facilitates your healing journey to your true identity. A psychological evaluation is the closest thing we have in the mental health field to a full physical health exam. You deserve more than just a surface look at what makes you YOU. Dr. Emily has experience since 2009 doing comprehensive psychological evaluations with teens (ages 16 and up) and adults. Note: NOT in insurance networks.
(573) 609-8283 View (573) 609-8283
Photo of Dr. Kendra Shoge, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Dr. Kendra Shoge
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, RPT
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
As a person-centered therapist, I attempt to convey the core conditions outlined by Carl Rogers, including empathy, unconditional positive regard, warmth, and genuineness. I believe these conditions are necessary to create an environment where individuals can change and learn, process past and current experiences, and better integrate new information. I have nearly 10 years of experience counseling children and adults as they address identity development, anxiety & depression, and addiction issues. I am also a Registered Play Therapist.
As a person-centered therapist, I attempt to convey the core conditions outlined by Carl Rogers, including empathy, unconditional positive regard, warmth, and genuineness. I believe these conditions are necessary to create an environment where individuals can change and learn, process past and current experiences, and better integrate new information. I have nearly 10 years of experience counseling children and adults as they address identity development, anxiety & depression, and addiction issues. I am also a Registered Play Therapist.
(573) 285-2876 View (573) 285-2876
Photo of Jared Torbet, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Jared Torbet
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
I have two primary specialities: ADHD Coaching and Couples/Family Therapy. I work with highschoolers, college students, and adult professionals, who struggle with distraction, disorganization, procrastination, and impulsivity.
I have two primary specialities: ADHD Coaching and Couples/Family Therapy. I work with highschoolers, college students, and adult professionals, who struggle with distraction, disorganization, procrastination, and impulsivity.
(573) 229-0512 View (573) 229-0512
Photo of Kristal Allen in Columbia, MO
Kristal Allen
PLPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65201  (Online Only)
Kristal is a telehealth therapist and has a variety of professional experience that she brings with her to Counseling Associates. She has worked in community settings working with pregnant women as well as has experience as a community support specialist working with adolescents and children. Kristal has completed her certification as a Tobacco Treatment Specialist with the Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence Center, and the facilitator certification with the American Lung Association Freedom From Smoking Program. Kristal has experience leading weekly nicotine dependence groups and smoking cessation education.
Kristal is a telehealth therapist and has a variety of professional experience that she brings with her to Counseling Associates. She has worked in community settings working with pregnant women as well as has experience as a community support specialist working with adolescents and children. Kristal has completed her certification as a Tobacco Treatment Specialist with the Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence Center, and the facilitator certification with the American Lung Association Freedom From Smoking Program. Kristal has experience leading weekly nicotine dependence groups and smoking cessation education.
(573) 524-9002 View (573) 524-9002
Photo of Andrew Taegel, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Andrew Taegel
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CRADC, MARS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201
Are you feeling stuck? Has something happened that has left you feeling empty and exhausted? Do you feel like you're trapped in a cyclone of negative thoughts and fear? Do you feel like you can't just will yourself to "snap out of it?" Are you struggling to find meaning in your life? If you're feeling lost or defeated and you're having difficulty engaging with your own life, I'd like to to assist you in moving toward something meaningful. You can get unstuck and live the way you desire, and you don't have to try to get there alone.
Are you feeling stuck? Has something happened that has left you feeling empty and exhausted? Do you feel like you're trapped in a cyclone of negative thoughts and fear? Do you feel like you can't just will yourself to "snap out of it?" Are you struggling to find meaning in your life? If you're feeling lost or defeated and you're having difficulty engaging with your own life, I'd like to to assist you in moving toward something meaningful. You can get unstuck and live the way you desire, and you don't have to try to get there alone.
(573) 608-1256 View (573) 608-1256
Photo of Kelsey Rosson, LPC Intern in Columbia, MO
Kelsey Rosson
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203  (Online Only)
Feelings and emotions, ugh. They can make or break our day sometimes. It’s ok, let’s talk about it. Life is hard, but you do not have to do it alone. Everyday burdens can feel unbearable or too hard to manage on your own. It takes alot of courage to take the first step and ask for help. You are searching for a therapist because you know something has to change, you want to feel better, you need to overcome things in your life that have held you back. There is no better time than today to make yourself a priority, grow, and become your best self. My goal is to meet you wherever you are and help you achieve the life you want.
Feelings and emotions, ugh. They can make or break our day sometimes. It’s ok, let’s talk about it. Life is hard, but you do not have to do it alone. Everyday burdens can feel unbearable or too hard to manage on your own. It takes alot of courage to take the first step and ask for help. You are searching for a therapist because you know something has to change, you want to feel better, you need to overcome things in your life that have held you back. There is no better time than today to make yourself a priority, grow, and become your best self. My goal is to meet you wherever you are and help you achieve the life you want.
(573) 294-2254 View (573) 294-2254
Photo of Caleb Cheavens, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Caleb Cheavens
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201
We often tell ourselves, "I should be able to handle this." Persistence has served us well in the past as we have built our careers, but sometimes our self-reliance becomes a burden as we find ourselves suffering in isolation. We don't think of asking for help until things become desperate. We may find we are avoiding our problems by using chemical substances or doom-scrolling on TikTok. We want to feel good about work again, we want our relationships to bring us joy again. But we also may have stopped hoping our situation could get better, except on occasion when we privately dare to hope.
We often tell ourselves, "I should be able to handle this." Persistence has served us well in the past as we have built our careers, but sometimes our self-reliance becomes a burden as we find ourselves suffering in isolation. We don't think of asking for help until things become desperate. We may find we are avoiding our problems by using chemical substances or doom-scrolling on TikTok. We want to feel good about work again, we want our relationships to bring us joy again. But we also may have stopped hoping our situation could get better, except on occasion when we privately dare to hope.
(573) 693-4046 View (573) 693-4046
Photo of Rebecca Garcia, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Rebecca Garcia
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, RN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65202
If you find yourself longing for peace, struggling with anxiety & fear and have a desire for healthier relationships, maybe all you need is some help gaining insight into this season of life. I believe everyone has a story worth hearing. I consider it a privilege to sit with others in a sacred space and hear their heart as they give me permission to journey with them towards healing.
If you find yourself longing for peace, struggling with anxiety & fear and have a desire for healthier relationships, maybe all you need is some help gaining insight into this season of life. I believe everyone has a story worth hearing. I consider it a privilege to sit with others in a sacred space and hear their heart as they give me permission to journey with them towards healing.
(573) 294-2448 View (573) 294-2448
Photo of Leigh Miller Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Leigh Miller Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
What makes counseling work? A study found that resilience, relationship and faith make a difference. Together we can figure out your capacity for resilience - yes you have a capacity for change. One of the best things about counseling is building relationship. You can't know someone without allowing them to know you. Building that relationship is my primary focus and greatest strength. Believing that change is possible and using that belief can help your process. What are your values and beliefs? How do they guide you? I use my faith in my process, I will encourage you to use yours, whatever it may be - all are welcome.
What makes counseling work? A study found that resilience, relationship and faith make a difference. Together we can figure out your capacity for resilience - yes you have a capacity for change. One of the best things about counseling is building relationship. You can't know someone without allowing them to know you. Building that relationship is my primary focus and greatest strength. Believing that change is possible and using that belief can help your process. What are your values and beliefs? How do they guide you? I use my faith in my process, I will encourage you to use yours, whatever it may be - all are welcome.
(573) 410-1015 View (573) 410-1015

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Columbia, MO

200+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Columbia, MO who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
71% Stress
69% Coping Skills
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
72% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Columbia, MO see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Columbia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.