Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Holly Klostermann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Holly Klostermann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63125  (Online Only)
I am Holly Klostermann, licensed clinical social worker. I enjoy working with clients of all backgrounds including but not limited to anxiety, depression, and trauma.
I am Holly Klostermann, licensed clinical social worker. I enjoy working with clients of all backgrounds including but not limited to anxiety, depression, and trauma.
(636) 339-3988 View (636) 339-3988
Photo of Emotional Change Inc., Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Emotional Change Inc.
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, LCSW, LPC
Not Verified Not Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63123
Please email us or visit our website to schedule an appointment as most of our "in office" staff are working remotely at this time. However our ongoing process will ensure you will have a great, competent therapist. Emotional Change provides quality therapy to diverse populations with diverse needs by providing a variety of therapists to meet those needs. By calling us, you will get a really good feel for who we are. We'll do our best to meet your needs. We accept most Insurances/Victims-of-Crime and private pay. We'll help take the stress out of finding a therapist. Individual/Couple/Group therapy is available.
Please email us or visit our website to schedule an appointment as most of our "in office" staff are working remotely at this time. However our ongoing process will ensure you will have a great, competent therapist. Emotional Change provides quality therapy to diverse populations with diverse needs by providing a variety of therapists to meet those needs. By calling us, you will get a really good feel for who we are. We'll do our best to meet your needs. We accept most Insurances/Victims-of-Crime and private pay. We'll help take the stress out of finding a therapist. Individual/Couple/Group therapy is available.
(314) 720-3033 View (314) 720-3033
Photo of Gabrielle Kunar-Macias, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Gabrielle Kunar-Macias
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
Life can be beautiful, but let’s be honest, it can also be stressful! From our very first session, you can expect to feel safe, validated, and at ease. I use humor and a strengths-based approach to create a space where we can be our authentic selves. My style is integrative, trauma-informed, and I tailor our work to meet your individual needs, goals, and interest. I incorporate art, play, reading, mindfulness, inner child, and parts work into our sessions. I can also communicate and collaborate with you or your child’s other providers (school counselors, teachers, physicians, etc.) to ensure a holistic and coordinated approach.
Life can be beautiful, but let’s be honest, it can also be stressful! From our very first session, you can expect to feel safe, validated, and at ease. I use humor and a strengths-based approach to create a space where we can be our authentic selves. My style is integrative, trauma-informed, and I tailor our work to meet your individual needs, goals, and interest. I incorporate art, play, reading, mindfulness, inner child, and parts work into our sessions. I can also communicate and collaborate with you or your child’s other providers (school counselors, teachers, physicians, etc.) to ensure a holistic and coordinated approach.
(314) 697-2260 View (314) 697-2260
Photo of Clayton A. Clark, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Clayton A. Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Something’s not right, and maybe it hasn’t been for a while, but you know it’s time to make some changes. If you (or you & your partner) need help making that change, I’d be honored to work with you. I take a flexible approach, bringing thoughtfulness and creativity to the process to meet you where you are. Here are areas I help people with most often: anxiety & stress, depression, couples counseling (Gottman Method), trauma (Brainspotting), career counseling & life design, substance use & addiction, men's issues, life transitions, anger, mindfulness, and grief.
Something’s not right, and maybe it hasn’t been for a while, but you know it’s time to make some changes. If you (or you & your partner) need help making that change, I’d be honored to work with you. I take a flexible approach, bringing thoughtfulness and creativity to the process to meet you where you are. Here are areas I help people with most often: anxiety & stress, depression, couples counseling (Gottman Method), trauma (Brainspotting), career counseling & life design, substance use & addiction, men's issues, life transitions, anger, mindfulness, and grief.
(314) 666-6308 View (314) 666-6308
Photo of Brittany N. Murphy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Brittany N. Murphy
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63117  (Online Only)
You're in the right place! You're ready for your mood and motivation to improve, your relationships to be better, your work to be more enjoyable, and your life to feel more meaningful. I work well with people who feel stuck or that things aren't as they could or should be. My clients want clarity about their experiences, their relationships, and the direction of their lives.
You're in the right place! You're ready for your mood and motivation to improve, your relationships to be better, your work to be more enjoyable, and your life to feel more meaningful. I work well with people who feel stuck or that things aren't as they could or should be. My clients want clarity about their experiences, their relationships, and the direction of their lives.
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Photo of Finding Normal, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Finding Normal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Not accepting new clients
The team at Finding Normal believes that because our minds, emotions, bodies, behaviors, and relationships can all impacted by stressful, traumatic, and chaotic experiences, a comprehensive approach to support is not only helpful, but necessary.
The team at Finding Normal believes that because our minds, emotions, bodies, behaviors, and relationships can all impacted by stressful, traumatic, and chaotic experiences, a comprehensive approach to support is not only helpful, but necessary.
(314) 804-0636 View (314) 804-0636
Photo of Ashley Blake, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Ashley Blake
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63117
Everyone thinks you have it all all together, but inside it feels like you're spinning out of control. You can’t stay focused. Simple tasks that should be easy feel totally overwhelming and you've started avoiding them completely. Your relationships are suffering and you feel like it’s all your fault. You want to be easy-going and caring, but you're impatient and irritable. You want to be sociable and fun, but you're withdrawn and depressed. The fear of being exposed as a fraud looms over you constantly. You’re hanging on by a thread and it's only getting worse.
Everyone thinks you have it all all together, but inside it feels like you're spinning out of control. You can’t stay focused. Simple tasks that should be easy feel totally overwhelming and you've started avoiding them completely. Your relationships are suffering and you feel like it’s all your fault. You want to be easy-going and caring, but you're impatient and irritable. You want to be sociable and fun, but you're withdrawn and depressed. The fear of being exposed as a fraud looms over you constantly. You’re hanging on by a thread and it's only getting worse.
(314) 501-6844 View (314) 501-6844
Photo of Erick Kenneth French, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Erick Kenneth French
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, ACHT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63123
I like to work with people who are internally motivated to learn and grow and desire to live meaningful and fulfilling lives. Whatever challenges they are facing I want them to know that working with me will at some point mean paying attention to and allowing themselves to feel their feelings. A conscious relationship with self is had through attending to the feelings we have about ourselves. Understanding feelings will be essential in generating improved self-awareness and a sense of personal integrity.
I like to work with people who are internally motivated to learn and grow and desire to live meaningful and fulfilling lives. Whatever challenges they are facing I want them to know that working with me will at some point mean paying attention to and allowing themselves to feel their feelings. A conscious relationship with self is had through attending to the feelings we have about ourselves. Understanding feelings will be essential in generating improved self-awareness and a sense of personal integrity.
(314) 310-8414 View (314) 310-8414
Photo of Tim Gravier, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Tim Gravier
Licensed Professional Counselor, M Ed, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63141  (Online Only)
Stress? Anxiety? Feeling stuck? Let’s talk! Things impact our mental health each day, making us feel stuck. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Motivational Interviewing, yet incorporate other modalities to assist in coping with depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, and the stressors of your daily life. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri since 2004 with a Bachelor’s in Psychology and Masters of Education in Counseling. I am certified as an Executive Coach and a Six Sigma Green Belt in Process Improvement.
Stress? Anxiety? Feeling stuck? Let’s talk! Things impact our mental health each day, making us feel stuck. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Motivational Interviewing, yet incorporate other modalities to assist in coping with depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, and the stressors of your daily life. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri since 2004 with a Bachelor’s in Psychology and Masters of Education in Counseling. I am certified as an Executive Coach and a Six Sigma Green Belt in Process Improvement.
(314) 742-8276 View (314) 742-8276
Photo of Wasma Aliya, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Wasma Aliya
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Many of us go our entire lives with the feeling of being unseen and unheard. Some of us experience this so fully that we may even feel trapped in the stories others have written for us. What would it be like to feel accepted as you are? To show up authentically and know that was enough? You don’t need to be strong, happy, or put-together. We can embrace your beautiful mess and find your story of triumph together. It will take effort and may be tough at times, but I will go with you! I have experience working with adolescents, students, and adults on a wide variety of issues, such as homesickness, depression and low self esteem.
Many of us go our entire lives with the feeling of being unseen and unheard. Some of us experience this so fully that we may even feel trapped in the stories others have written for us. What would it be like to feel accepted as you are? To show up authentically and know that was enough? You don’t need to be strong, happy, or put-together. We can embrace your beautiful mess and find your story of triumph together. It will take effort and may be tough at times, but I will go with you! I have experience working with adolescents, students, and adults on a wide variety of issues, such as homesickness, depression and low self esteem.
(314) 886-8652 View (314) 886-8652
Jean Caine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63117
Jean Stanton Caine, LCSW, LMFT, a Menninger trained family therapist, specializes in many issues affecting individuals and families i.e.: grief, illness, sexual and physical abuse, marital stress, child and adolescent problems. She has an eclectic researched approach in her family practice using both short term and long-term therapy. Jean has been in practice for 25 years. She has been past president on St. Louis MAMFT board and the Missouri board of Family Therapy. She has taught for 20 years at Washington University. Jean does accept most insurance plans.
Jean Stanton Caine, LCSW, LMFT, a Menninger trained family therapist, specializes in many issues affecting individuals and families i.e.: grief, illness, sexual and physical abuse, marital stress, child and adolescent problems. She has an eclectic researched approach in her family practice using both short term and long-term therapy. Jean has been in practice for 25 years. She has been past president on St. Louis MAMFT board and the Missouri board of Family Therapy. She has taught for 20 years at Washington University. Jean does accept most insurance plans.
(314) 828-2601 View (314) 828-2601
Photo of Jackie Sell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Jackie Sell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118
Depth psychotherapy work is a process unique to each individual and it relies on their innate potential for growth and ability to explore deeper realms of the psyche. We will use tools such as dream work, active imagination, explorations of the past as well as the present to understand those deeper aspects of the mind. The goal of depth work is to understand unconscious patterns and origins of behavior which can ultimately lead to greater psychological flexibility and freedom. Many clients who experience depth work end up finding a renewed sense of Self and purpose.
Depth psychotherapy work is a process unique to each individual and it relies on their innate potential for growth and ability to explore deeper realms of the psyche. We will use tools such as dream work, active imagination, explorations of the past as well as the present to understand those deeper aspects of the mind. The goal of depth work is to understand unconscious patterns and origins of behavior which can ultimately lead to greater psychological flexibility and freedom. Many clients who experience depth work end up finding a renewed sense of Self and purpose.
(636) 215-6894 View (636) 215-6894
Photo of Erin Hotz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Erin Hotz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63127
Life is not always easy. Transitions, such as becoming an adult or becoming a parent, can be welcome changes but can also be hard to manage. We also come across challenges in our day to day life that we may have a hard time coping with. Sometimes these things lead to issues like anxiety, depression, grief, struggles in relationships, or issues with school or work. My background in both Social Work and Child Development gives me a unique, holistic perspective that informs my practice. I particularly enjoy using my background to help both young adults and parents work through the challenges that come with their stages in life.
Life is not always easy. Transitions, such as becoming an adult or becoming a parent, can be welcome changes but can also be hard to manage. We also come across challenges in our day to day life that we may have a hard time coping with. Sometimes these things lead to issues like anxiety, depression, grief, struggles in relationships, or issues with school or work. My background in both Social Work and Child Development gives me a unique, holistic perspective that informs my practice. I particularly enjoy using my background to help both young adults and parents work through the challenges that come with their stages in life.
(314) 470-9816 View (314) 470-9816
Photo of Hannah Campbell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Hannah Campbell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63130
I'm glad you're here: you have taken a courageous and healing step by seeking support. I provide an integrative, resiliency-focused approach to therapy, pulling from your strengths and values to guide our work and help you regain a sense of mastery, meaning, and connection in your life. My perspective is that we are built to survive and often develop ways of relating which once helped us get by, but may no longer be helpful to a current situation. My goal is to form a safe connection to explore these factors that may contribute to ongoing difficulties, re-process experiences, and ultimately co-create your next chapter.
I'm glad you're here: you have taken a courageous and healing step by seeking support. I provide an integrative, resiliency-focused approach to therapy, pulling from your strengths and values to guide our work and help you regain a sense of mastery, meaning, and connection in your life. My perspective is that we are built to survive and often develop ways of relating which once helped us get by, but may no longer be helpful to a current situation. My goal is to form a safe connection to explore these factors that may contribute to ongoing difficulties, re-process experiences, and ultimately co-create your next chapter.
(314) 675-7902 View (314) 675-7902
Photo of Mitch Edmondson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Mitch Edmondson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63109
If you are exploring the option of therapy, you may have already made attempts to improve your situation on your own. You may feel depressed, anxious or lack assertiveness. Though you desire to make a change, you may be skeptical about the idea of counseling. You may also feel that finding a therapist who listens without judgment and who balances honest feedback with empathy, is a confusing and difficult task. If this describes your situation, I hope that I might have the opportunity to speak with you about a practical strategy to bring about the change you desire.
If you are exploring the option of therapy, you may have already made attempts to improve your situation on your own. You may feel depressed, anxious or lack assertiveness. Though you desire to make a change, you may be skeptical about the idea of counseling. You may also feel that finding a therapist who listens without judgment and who balances honest feedback with empathy, is a confusing and difficult task. If this describes your situation, I hope that I might have the opportunity to speak with you about a practical strategy to bring about the change you desire.
(314) 222-2756 View (314) 222-2756
Photo of Kaylyn Chappell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Kaylyn Chappell
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I'm a secular therapist, currently seeing individuals only- I prefer to take things slow, so rapport and genuine connection can be built. I don't have all the answers or a magic wand, and you're not a toaster that needs to be fixed. But life is hard as hell, and having someone you can count on every week to provide clinical guidance, empathy, and a safe space to process definitely makes it a little easier to keep going.
I'm a secular therapist, currently seeing individuals only- I prefer to take things slow, so rapport and genuine connection can be built. I don't have all the answers or a magic wand, and you're not a toaster that needs to be fixed. But life is hard as hell, and having someone you can count on every week to provide clinical guidance, empathy, and a safe space to process definitely makes it a little easier to keep going.
(314) 742-7615 View (314) 742-7615
Photo of Alicia Michelle Collier, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Alicia Michelle Collier
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63101  (Online Only)
Vision: To help individuals, children, teenagers, parents, and families discover other alternatives to unhealthy behaviors. Values: Honesty, Empowerment, and Respect
Vision: To help individuals, children, teenagers, parents, and families discover other alternatives to unhealthy behaviors. Values: Honesty, Empowerment, and Respect
(618) 508-4891 View (618) 508-4891
Photo of Rachel Wethers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Rachel Wethers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63111  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
No current openings at this time. Providing telehealth therapy to clients in the states of Illinois, Michigan, or Missouri. Trained and focused in therapies utilizing EMDR, Parts work, ACT/Mindfulness, and Nurturing/Relational approaches with trauma and anxiety. Special interests in Geek Therapy (gaming and pop-culture related) and Neurodivergence. Best at creating safe spaces with young adults (even at heart), teens, and children as young as age 10 who are comfortable with telehealth and digital tools.
No current openings at this time. Providing telehealth therapy to clients in the states of Illinois, Michigan, or Missouri. Trained and focused in therapies utilizing EMDR, Parts work, ACT/Mindfulness, and Nurturing/Relational approaches with trauma and anxiety. Special interests in Geek Therapy (gaming and pop-culture related) and Neurodivergence. Best at creating safe spaces with young adults (even at heart), teens, and children as young as age 10 who are comfortable with telehealth and digital tools.
(314) 441-7189 View (314) 441-7189
Photo of Jason Eccker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Jason Eccker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Waitlist for new clients
As a social worker, my goal is to partner with my clients so that they may achieve their goals. I have a diverse background in treating trauma, addiction and mental health from a strengths-based perspective, and I have been successful in helping clients to integrate long-term solutions in their daily lives. I feel that my ability to create a strong therapeutic alliance with clients as one of my biggest strengths. For those suffering from PTSD/other past trauma, I offer EMDR therapy which continues to be researched as highly effective for individuals suffering from these conditions.
As a social worker, my goal is to partner with my clients so that they may achieve their goals. I have a diverse background in treating trauma, addiction and mental health from a strengths-based perspective, and I have been successful in helping clients to integrate long-term solutions in their daily lives. I feel that my ability to create a strong therapeutic alliance with clients as one of my biggest strengths. For those suffering from PTSD/other past trauma, I offer EMDR therapy which continues to be researched as highly effective for individuals suffering from these conditions.
(314) 696-6089 View (314) 696-6089
Photo of Tana Steffens, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Tana Steffens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63117
Waitlist for new clients
I frequently work with people who have a lot of moving parts in their lives. Whether you’re navigating traumatic experiences, exploring components of identity, or wading through overwhelming seasons of life in other ways, my goal is to help you sift through it all and provide support to process at your own pace. I'm comfortable navigating many of the other pieces that come with trauma or overwhelm - managing episodes of depression, mitigating anxiety, and creating spaces that make life feel worth living.
I frequently work with people who have a lot of moving parts in their lives. Whether you’re navigating traumatic experiences, exploring components of identity, or wading through overwhelming seasons of life in other ways, my goal is to help you sift through it all and provide support to process at your own pace. I'm comfortable navigating many of the other pieces that come with trauma or overwhelm - managing episodes of depression, mitigating anxiety, and creating spaces that make life feel worth living.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.