Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Todd J Richardson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Todd J Richardson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSW, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63103  (Online Only)
I imagine you are searching for help or answers to some pretty serious questions about yourself, your relationship(s), and/or your symptoms. As a therapist I work to help people, not only with their symptoms, but with seeking to better understand themselves, their relationships, and how they came to be who they are and who they hope to become.
I imagine you are searching for help or answers to some pretty serious questions about yourself, your relationship(s), and/or your symptoms. As a therapist I work to help people, not only with their symptoms, but with seeking to better understand themselves, their relationships, and how they came to be who they are and who they hope to become.
(314) 907-1002 View (314) 907-1002
Photo of Mason Alexander Kinghorn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Mason Alexander Kinghorn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63116  (Online Only)
Available Appt. Hours: Monday-Friday 11am-5pm. Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, feeling disconnected from others, or the way your life has been impacted by trauma? Are you searching for happiness or meaning in your relationships, your work, or in life in general? If any of this resonates with you, I may have the type of professional experience that would be helpful to you. I work with adults (18+) providing virtual therapy. I have additional experience with anger management, life transitions, LGBTQIA+ related issues, and low self-esteem. I am proud to provide gender-affirming care.
Available Appt. Hours: Monday-Friday 11am-5pm. Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, feeling disconnected from others, or the way your life has been impacted by trauma? Are you searching for happiness or meaning in your relationships, your work, or in life in general? If any of this resonates with you, I may have the type of professional experience that would be helpful to you. I work with adults (18+) providing virtual therapy. I have additional experience with anger management, life transitions, LGBTQIA+ related issues, and low self-esteem. I am proud to provide gender-affirming care.
(314) 730-0097 View (314) 730-0097
Photo of Chris Scarberry, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Chris Scarberry
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with 20 years of experience working both as a therapist and doing community-based crisis intervention. I enjoy helping clients to maximize their potential by focusing upon their strengths and past successes. I believe that therapy is a cooperative endeavor that should assist the client in discovering his/her/their own abilities and coping strategies. I relish the opportunity to support clients through trying situations and to help them to process grief. I speak at conferences on HIV/AIDS, work with LGBTQIA clients, and other topics. I served on the HIV service funding Planning Council.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with 20 years of experience working both as a therapist and doing community-based crisis intervention. I enjoy helping clients to maximize their potential by focusing upon their strengths and past successes. I believe that therapy is a cooperative endeavor that should assist the client in discovering his/her/their own abilities and coping strategies. I relish the opportunity to support clients through trying situations and to help them to process grief. I speak at conferences on HIV/AIDS, work with LGBTQIA clients, and other topics. I served on the HIV service funding Planning Council.
(314) 877-8381 View (314) 877-8381
Photo of Amy Gagliardi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Amy Gagliardi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCMC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes we are struggling and don't know why, we have a loss, struggle to keep our emotions in check or have difficulty managing a traumatic event, regardless of the reason, I believe that seeking therapy is your first step to recognizing your strengths, building your skills and beginning the creation of the life you want and deserve.
Sometimes we are struggling and don't know why, we have a loss, struggle to keep our emotions in check or have difficulty managing a traumatic event, regardless of the reason, I believe that seeking therapy is your first step to recognizing your strengths, building your skills and beginning the creation of the life you want and deserve.
(314) 742-9688 View (314) 742-9688
Photo of Taylor J Scott, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Taylor J Scott
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I provide a unique and practical approach to therapy that focuses on integrating the spiritual, physical, and emotional parts of a person. This union reduces anxiety and increases confidence along with creativity. We deserve to live from the little fire in our souls, creating the life we not only deeply desire but the one we desperately need. I would love to journey alongside you as you take back your personal power!
I provide a unique and practical approach to therapy that focuses on integrating the spiritual, physical, and emotional parts of a person. This union reduces anxiety and increases confidence along with creativity. We deserve to live from the little fire in our souls, creating the life we not only deeply desire but the one we desperately need. I would love to journey alongside you as you take back your personal power!
(314) 501-9092 View (314) 501-9092
Photo of Jenn Wickersham, LPC , Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Jenn Wickersham, LPC
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63119  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Experiencing depression, anxiety, stress, relationship issues, family issues or just feeling stuck, I am here to support you. We will work and navigate together to find the positive betterment you are seeking within yourself.
Experiencing depression, anxiety, stress, relationship issues, family issues or just feeling stuck, I am here to support you. We will work and navigate together to find the positive betterment you are seeking within yourself.
(314) 788-2560 View (314) 788-2560
Photo of Karen Lynn Becker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Karen Lynn Becker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63141
Are you feeling alone, overwhelmed, or just trying hard to maintain? Are you struggling in a relationship? Are you frustrated by the day to day conflict with your teenager? Do unresolved painful memories keep you from the happy fulfilled life you were meant to live? Let's work together to find the answers you need. Counseling is the first step in regaining control of your life. As a therapist, I love working with people, finding out what is unique about them personally, and seeing how that can be used to work through difficult circumstances. .
Are you feeling alone, overwhelmed, or just trying hard to maintain? Are you struggling in a relationship? Are you frustrated by the day to day conflict with your teenager? Do unresolved painful memories keep you from the happy fulfilled life you were meant to live? Let's work together to find the answers you need. Counseling is the first step in regaining control of your life. As a therapist, I love working with people, finding out what is unique about them personally, and seeing how that can be used to work through difficult circumstances. .
(314) 403-1437 View (314) 403-1437
Photo of Jessie Kissinger, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Jessie Kissinger
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63104
I believe counseling is most powerful when it sensitizes you to what’s happening in your mind, heart, and body and helps you meet whatever you find with compassion. Feeling your feels (literally) is the first step to making sense of them. Within that confusion is the possibility of deeper self-knowledge and freedom. I find it helpful to use yoga and mindfulness practices to keep you grounded as you explore big emotions, and I enjoy working with people who want to bring the wisdom of the body into their therapeutic work—whether that’s processing loss, trauma, change, overwhelm, spiritual concerns, or feeling stuck and disconnected.
I believe counseling is most powerful when it sensitizes you to what’s happening in your mind, heart, and body and helps you meet whatever you find with compassion. Feeling your feels (literally) is the first step to making sense of them. Within that confusion is the possibility of deeper self-knowledge and freedom. I find it helpful to use yoga and mindfulness practices to keep you grounded as you explore big emotions, and I enjoy working with people who want to bring the wisdom of the body into their therapeutic work—whether that’s processing loss, trauma, change, overwhelm, spiritual concerns, or feeling stuck and disconnected.
(314) 907-2945 View (314) 907-2945
Photo of Dominique Begnaud, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Dominique Begnaud
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-MO, LCPC-IL, ATR, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63118
Waitlist for new clients
Life is challenging. So many ebbs and flows. I recognize that and would love to help you on your journey. We can all use a little support from time to time. Relationships can be difficult to manage. Setting (and keeping) boundaries at home, at work, or within relationships is hard work. If you or your child are looking for support with issues such as anxiety, depression, bullying, domestic violence, abuse or trauma, I'd love to help. I use creative therapy techniques in-person and via tele-health to support you or your child.
Life is challenging. So many ebbs and flows. I recognize that and would love to help you on your journey. We can all use a little support from time to time. Relationships can be difficult to manage. Setting (and keeping) boundaries at home, at work, or within relationships is hard work. If you or your child are looking for support with issues such as anxiety, depression, bullying, domestic violence, abuse or trauma, I'd love to help. I use creative therapy techniques in-person and via tele-health to support you or your child.
(314) 748-0120 View (314) 748-0120
Photo of Alwyn S Whitehead Jr, Psychologist in Saint Louis, MO
Alwyn S Whitehead Jr
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109  (Online Only)
My clients seek help with a specific difficulty. It may be depression, anxiety, PTSD, relationships, or their path in life. They want to feel happy and fulfilled but have been blocked by some difficulty. When they reach out to accept help they have made the first step in their journey of healing and happiness! We all deserve happiness and modern Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) provides tools and processes to unblock the natural flow of healing available to us. Plus, anyone can become proficient in using them and applying them to many situations in their life.
My clients seek help with a specific difficulty. It may be depression, anxiety, PTSD, relationships, or their path in life. They want to feel happy and fulfilled but have been blocked by some difficulty. When they reach out to accept help they have made the first step in their journey of healing and happiness! We all deserve happiness and modern Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) provides tools and processes to unblock the natural flow of healing available to us. Plus, anyone can become proficient in using them and applying them to many situations in their life.
(314) 897-4635 View (314) 897-4635
Photo of Lenna Catrett, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Lenna Catrett
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
Many of us are grappling with the effects of disconnection – from our bodies, emotions, identities, relationships, communities, and the natural world. This disconnection often presents as shame, self-criticism, fear and anxiety, dissociation, depression, self-harm, suicidal ideation, and more. Folks who are seeking to interrogate those symptoms, process traumas (both interpersonal and from larger systems of oppression), nurture self-compassion, build healthy relationships and community, explore social and cultural identities, challenge expectations of how to live a life, and recenter your autonomy: I’d love to work with you.
Many of us are grappling with the effects of disconnection – from our bodies, emotions, identities, relationships, communities, and the natural world. This disconnection often presents as shame, self-criticism, fear and anxiety, dissociation, depression, self-harm, suicidal ideation, and more. Folks who are seeking to interrogate those symptoms, process traumas (both interpersonal and from larger systems of oppression), nurture self-compassion, build healthy relationships and community, explore social and cultural identities, challenge expectations of how to live a life, and recenter your autonomy: I’d love to work with you.
(314) 907-2474 View (314) 907-2474
Photo of Claudine Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Claudine Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC(MO), LCPC(IL
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Change can create stress, depression and anxiety or it can be a transformative experience. I help individuals and couples cope with changes in career, relationships, and life goals. Whether you are unhappy in your relationships, your work, or some other aspect of your life, counseling can help. If you are recognizing the need to create change in your life, I would love to help you create the life you desire. My primary focus is on helping others transform and create joy in their lives.
Change can create stress, depression and anxiety or it can be a transformative experience. I help individuals and couples cope with changes in career, relationships, and life goals. Whether you are unhappy in your relationships, your work, or some other aspect of your life, counseling can help. If you are recognizing the need to create change in your life, I would love to help you create the life you desire. My primary focus is on helping others transform and create joy in their lives.
(314) 310-4088 View (314) 310-4088
Photo of William Arrington, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
William Arrington
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63101
Perhaps you're in a relationship, family, or job where everything is always your fault. You're made to feel not good enough, that you have to try harder despite the other never taking accountability. You have difficulty expressing yourself in fear of the other person throwing it back in your face. Perhaps this mounting pressure from those relationships have made you give up, anxious, or just feel stuck. You don't know who you are anymore—you’ve been told how to think and feel. You may feel like you’re in a fog or just don’t know how to get back on track to the way things used to be.
Perhaps you're in a relationship, family, or job where everything is always your fault. You're made to feel not good enough, that you have to try harder despite the other never taking accountability. You have difficulty expressing yourself in fear of the other person throwing it back in your face. Perhaps this mounting pressure from those relationships have made you give up, anxious, or just feel stuck. You don't know who you are anymore—you’ve been told how to think and feel. You may feel like you’re in a fog or just don’t know how to get back on track to the way things used to be.
(314) 907-0747 View (314) 907-0747
Photo of Hannah Campbell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Hannah Campbell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63130
I'm glad you're here: you have taken a courageous and healing step by seeking support. I provide an integrative, resiliency-focused approach to therapy, pulling from your strengths and values to guide our work and help you regain a sense of mastery, meaning, and connection in your life. My perspective is that we are built to survive and often develop ways of relating which once helped us get by, but may no longer be helpful to a current situation. My goal is to form a safe connection to explore these factors that may contribute to ongoing difficulties, re-process experiences, and ultimately co-create your next chapter.
I'm glad you're here: you have taken a courageous and healing step by seeking support. I provide an integrative, resiliency-focused approach to therapy, pulling from your strengths and values to guide our work and help you regain a sense of mastery, meaning, and connection in your life. My perspective is that we are built to survive and often develop ways of relating which once helped us get by, but may no longer be helpful to a current situation. My goal is to form a safe connection to explore these factors that may contribute to ongoing difficulties, re-process experiences, and ultimately co-create your next chapter.
(314) 675-7902 View (314) 675-7902
Photo of Kara Lynne Ressel, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Kara Lynne Ressel
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63132
I value supporting adolescents and adults struggling with life's challenges: depression, anxiety, stress, relationship difficulties, and much more. We tend to isolate in these difficult moments believing we are alone in our struggles. My goal is to provide a comforting and safe environment to make changes to achieve your goals and create more positive interactions.
I value supporting adolescents and adults struggling with life's challenges: depression, anxiety, stress, relationship difficulties, and much more. We tend to isolate in these difficult moments believing we are alone in our struggles. My goal is to provide a comforting and safe environment to make changes to achieve your goals and create more positive interactions.
(636) 205-2391 View (636) 205-2391
Photo of Intuitive Movement Counseling, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Intuitive Movement Counseling, EMDR
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63110  (Online Only)
My name is Christine Sibilla, MA, LPC and I understand that self-care and the health of our minds is incredibly important, especially when it doesn't feel like there is a path forward. During moments of uncertainty, additional anxieties, fears, and doubts can be brought to light. Sometimes the skills we utilized are no longer enough, and we require additional help navigating our situation. Healing and understanding comes from within, by forming a connection to your body and your self.
My name is Christine Sibilla, MA, LPC and I understand that self-care and the health of our minds is incredibly important, especially when it doesn't feel like there is a path forward. During moments of uncertainty, additional anxieties, fears, and doubts can be brought to light. Sometimes the skills we utilized are no longer enough, and we require additional help navigating our situation. Healing and understanding comes from within, by forming a connection to your body and your self.
(314) 936-4122 View (314) 936-4122
Photo of Karolyn Ratliff, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Karolyn Ratliff
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63141
Not accepting new clients
Do you find yourself overwhelmed or feeling lost? Are you having trouble completing daily tasks? Does the person in the mirror feel like a stranger or an enemy? Does life seem a little harder than it used to? Do you question your worth or place in the world? If you answered yes to any of these, YOU are in the right place. Counseling can be extremely beneficial for people that are struggling just like you are at this time. This doesn’t have to be your existence, there is hope that you will regain your ability to take on the day and find enjoyment in the little things again.
Do you find yourself overwhelmed or feeling lost? Are you having trouble completing daily tasks? Does the person in the mirror feel like a stranger or an enemy? Does life seem a little harder than it used to? Do you question your worth or place in the world? If you answered yes to any of these, YOU are in the right place. Counseling can be extremely beneficial for people that are struggling just like you are at this time. This doesn’t have to be your existence, there is hope that you will regain your ability to take on the day and find enjoyment in the little things again.
(314) 720-4308 View (314) 720-4308
Photo of Emily Seligson in Saint Louis, MO
Emily Seligson
MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63129
Many of us long for genuine connection and safety in relation to ourselves and others. Sometimes we want to better understand who we are and where we came from, but it can feel daunting to even know where to begin. Other times, we hope for tools and understanding that can enable us to feel more regulated, as we move forward through challenging moments. Whatever it is that brought you here today, Emily finds it to be an honor to walk alongside you. Through a fostering of safety and trust in the therapeutic relationship, she strives to create healthy settings for change, growth, and healing.
Many of us long for genuine connection and safety in relation to ourselves and others. Sometimes we want to better understand who we are and where we came from, but it can feel daunting to even know where to begin. Other times, we hope for tools and understanding that can enable us to feel more regulated, as we move forward through challenging moments. Whatever it is that brought you here today, Emily finds it to be an honor to walk alongside you. Through a fostering of safety and trust in the therapeutic relationship, she strives to create healthy settings for change, growth, and healing.
(314) 635-9206 View (314) 635-9206
Photo of Wasma Aliya, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Wasma Aliya
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Many of us go our entire lives with the feeling of being unseen and unheard. Some of us experience this so fully that we may even feel trapped in the stories others have written for us. What would it be like to feel accepted as you are? To show up authentically and know that was enough? You don’t need to be strong, happy, or put-together. We can embrace your beautiful mess and find your story of triumph together. It will take effort and may be tough at times, but I will go with you! I have experience working with adolescents, students, and adults on a wide variety of issues, such as homesickness, depression and low self esteem.
Many of us go our entire lives with the feeling of being unseen and unheard. Some of us experience this so fully that we may even feel trapped in the stories others have written for us. What would it be like to feel accepted as you are? To show up authentically and know that was enough? You don’t need to be strong, happy, or put-together. We can embrace your beautiful mess and find your story of triumph together. It will take effort and may be tough at times, but I will go with you! I have experience working with adolescents, students, and adults on a wide variety of issues, such as homesickness, depression and low self esteem.
(314) 886-8652 View (314) 886-8652
Photo of David T Koch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
David T Koch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63141
If you are anything like me, you have had a moment in your life when you asked yourself "How can I make the pain stop?" For me, therapy is one option for hurting individuals who want to work through pain to find answers to life's experiences & questions. I have had the privilege & challenge to walk alongside individuals, couples and families working to initiate the road to recovery that is so often littered with significant loss & conflict. If you are thinking of starting therapy and are feeling really anxious or hopeless, you are not alone!
If you are anything like me, you have had a moment in your life when you asked yourself "How can I make the pain stop?" For me, therapy is one option for hurting individuals who want to work through pain to find answers to life's experiences & questions. I have had the privilege & challenge to walk alongside individuals, couples and families working to initiate the road to recovery that is so often littered with significant loss & conflict. If you are thinking of starting therapy and are feeling really anxious or hopeless, you are not alone!
(314) 403-7588 View (314) 403-7588

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.