Photo of Nicole R. Kruger, Psychologist in Ellisville, MO
Nicole R. Kruger
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Ellisville, MO 63011
Hi. I am a licensed doctoral level psychologist. A “good fit" between the therapist and client is the launching pad for making long-lasting change. Having someone who can provide an objective, supportive, and non-judgmental environment is helpful when life gets challenging! For the past 20+ years, I have treated tweens and teens, adults, and parents using insight, cognitive behavioral, and trauma informed approaches. Whether it's a relationship issue or a family transition (e.g., career change, college bound, new baby, divorce, etc), I help clients to determine goals and the steps needed to attain them.
Hi. I am a licensed doctoral level psychologist. A “good fit" between the therapist and client is the launching pad for making long-lasting change. Having someone who can provide an objective, supportive, and non-judgmental environment is helpful when life gets challenging! For the past 20+ years, I have treated tweens and teens, adults, and parents using insight, cognitive behavioral, and trauma informed approaches. Whether it's a relationship issue or a family transition (e.g., career change, college bound, new baby, divorce, etc), I help clients to determine goals and the steps needed to attain them.
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More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sarah Yeo, Counselor in Ellisville, MO
Sarah Yeo
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63141
My main modalities are attachment-based approach; CBT and DBT methods; strength-based; client-centered; and interpersonal processing.
I am a trauma-informed therapist who works with adult clients in individual therapy. I have a special heart for working with individuals who struggle with boundary issues, codependency, self-esteem, and shame. I also work with survivors of emotional/narcissistic abuse; clients with adult ADHD; and those with relational/attachment trauma through abuse and neglect in their family of origin. I also have a passion for walking with individuals who are in their faith deconstruction journey or have experienced spiritual abuse. My clients are of all faith backgrounds but for those who are seeking it, I offer Christian counseling as well.
My main modalities are attachment-based approach; CBT and DBT methods; strength-based; client-centered; and interpersonal processing.
I am a trauma-informed therapist who works with adult clients in individual therapy. I have a special heart for working with individuals who struggle with boundary issues, codependency, self-esteem, and shame. I also work with survivors of emotional/narcissistic abuse; clients with adult ADHD; and those with relational/attachment trauma through abuse and neglect in their family of origin. I also have a passion for walking with individuals who are in their faith deconstruction journey or have experienced spiritual abuse. My clients are of all faith backgrounds but for those who are seeking it, I offer Christian counseling as well.
(724) 633-1309 View (724) 633-1309
Photo of Open Arms Wellness Therapy and Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ellisville, MO
Open Arms Wellness Therapy and Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ballwin, MO 63011
Frustrated with calling therapists and not receiving a call back? We pride ourselves in finding expert clinicians in each speciality in the greater St. Louis area and we have openings. We can help match you to a clinician that has proven success helping clients with similar issues. Our approach assists clients in exploring the source of their problems. We listen. We find unique strategies that build on your passions to bring healing to your life. You won't believe how much better it can get when you work with our handpicked professionals.
Frustrated with calling therapists and not receiving a call back? We pride ourselves in finding expert clinicians in each speciality in the greater St. Louis area and we have openings. We can help match you to a clinician that has proven success helping clients with similar issues. Our approach assists clients in exploring the source of their problems. We listen. We find unique strategies that build on your passions to bring healing to your life. You won't believe how much better it can get when you work with our handpicked professionals.
(314) 648-8192 View (314) 648-8192
Photo of Joanne Lee Graham, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ellisville, MO
Joanne Lee Graham
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, AACC
Verified Verified
Chesterfield, MO 63017  (Online Only)
I have 24+ years of experience counseling and consulting in MO and TX in private practice and a background as an RN for 10 years . I enjoy working with children, teens and adults with anxiety, PTSD, OCD, phobias, trauma and abuse, especially women in abusive environments. I work compassionately with those who are grieving, depressed and/or have chronic pain. Clients needing couple's therapy, family therapy or parenting issues would also benefit. I am certified in EMDR therapy which can also shorten time in therapy for many clients. Please call or email me for a free 15 minute over the phone consultation with any questions.
I have 24+ years of experience counseling and consulting in MO and TX in private practice and a background as an RN for 10 years . I enjoy working with children, teens and adults with anxiety, PTSD, OCD, phobias, trauma and abuse, especially women in abusive environments. I work compassionately with those who are grieving, depressed and/or have chronic pain. Clients needing couple's therapy, family therapy or parenting issues would also benefit. I am certified in EMDR therapy which can also shorten time in therapy for many clients. Please call or email me for a free 15 minute over the phone consultation with any questions.
(636) 735-7151 View (636) 735-7151
Photo of Katie Lorenz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ellisville, MO
Katie Lorenz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Des Peres, MO 63131
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Weighed down by anxiety? Difficulties in relationships or tensions with your children? I can provide you with tools and teach you how to use them, which can help to provide a more satisfying life and to help you become a healthier individual. I am driven by a passion for improving the lives of others and work diligently to provide a custom approach to meet client’s needs. I want to help individuals discover their true identities and God-given gifts, potential, and purposes in life. My approach is to provide empathy and challenge and help clients move toward transformation to make necessary changes.
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Weighed down by anxiety? Difficulties in relationships or tensions with your children? I can provide you with tools and teach you how to use them, which can help to provide a more satisfying life and to help you become a healthier individual. I am driven by a passion for improving the lives of others and work diligently to provide a custom approach to meet client’s needs. I want to help individuals discover their true identities and God-given gifts, potential, and purposes in life. My approach is to provide empathy and challenge and help clients move toward transformation to make necessary changes.
(314) 907-1834 View (314) 907-1834
Photo of Empowered Movement, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ellisville, MO
Empowered Movement
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122  (Online Only)
Life is beautiful but often/sometimes challenging. Some days we feel confident and happy while other days we may feel alone or overwhelmed. The clients I work with are seeking new tools, skills, techniques and interventions to help them feel better, more in control and empowered on a daily basis. I work with adolescents, young adults, adults and elders experiencing life transitions, anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, low self-esteem and more. Everyone deserves to have a safe space, with unconditional support that allows them to be authentically themselves, always.
Life is beautiful but often/sometimes challenging. Some days we feel confident and happy while other days we may feel alone or overwhelmed. The clients I work with are seeking new tools, skills, techniques and interventions to help them feel better, more in control and empowered on a daily basis. I work with adolescents, young adults, adults and elders experiencing life transitions, anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, low self-esteem and more. Everyone deserves to have a safe space, with unconditional support that allows them to be authentically themselves, always.
(314) 701-8184 View (314) 701-8184
Photo of Carol Love, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ellisville, MO
Carol Love
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chesterfield, MO 63005
I specialize in working with families who have had, or are going through a divorce or parental separation. Chronic conflict will have a lasting negative effect on you and your children BUT if you are able to manage your emotions and parent successfully, you and your children can thrive in the future. It is important to develop a good coparenting relationship and make sure your children have the support they need to deal with divorce/separation issues. In order to facilitate a positive outcome for families, I provide Coparent Counseling, Family Therapy, Reunification Therapy Group and Individual Therapy (adult and child).
I specialize in working with families who have had, or are going through a divorce or parental separation. Chronic conflict will have a lasting negative effect on you and your children BUT if you are able to manage your emotions and parent successfully, you and your children can thrive in the future. It is important to develop a good coparenting relationship and make sure your children have the support they need to deal with divorce/separation issues. In order to facilitate a positive outcome for families, I provide Coparent Counseling, Family Therapy, Reunification Therapy Group and Individual Therapy (adult and child).
(314) 665-2301 View (314) 665-2301
Photo of Kimberly Elder, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ellisville, MO
Kimberly Elder
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Chesterfield, MO 63005  (Online Only)
Congratulations on making the decision to bring positive change into your life! I have experience working with a wide range of clinical issues including but not limited to: depression, anxiety, self-esteem, PTSD, first responder trauma, post-partum depression, family conflicts, pre-marital counseling, polyamorous relationships, domestic violence, multiple personality disorder (DID), Asperger’s Disorder, relationship issues, identity crisis, LGBT specific problems and concerns, grief and loss, as well as people struggling with bipolar disorder. I also have experience in paranormal psychology. All sessions are telehealth/online!
Congratulations on making the decision to bring positive change into your life! I have experience working with a wide range of clinical issues including but not limited to: depression, anxiety, self-esteem, PTSD, first responder trauma, post-partum depression, family conflicts, pre-marital counseling, polyamorous relationships, domestic violence, multiple personality disorder (DID), Asperger’s Disorder, relationship issues, identity crisis, LGBT specific problems and concerns, grief and loss, as well as people struggling with bipolar disorder. I also have experience in paranormal psychology. All sessions are telehealth/online!
(314) 925-2634 x720 View (314) 925-2634 x720
Photo of Leah Frankel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ellisville, MO
Leah Frankel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C, CLC
Verified Verified
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
Do you have questions about discipline strategies, supporting your child's social and emotional development, feel concerned about your child's behavior or mood, or just want to be sure you're doing the best you can for your family? Do you ever feel triggered by parenting, overwhelmed, constantly worried or depressed? I work with parents, children, and families to help families thrive. Whether you're looking for mental health counseling for yourself, you and your partner, or your whole family, parenting support and education, or counseling for your child, we can work together to create a customized plan to reach your goals.
Do you have questions about discipline strategies, supporting your child's social and emotional development, feel concerned about your child's behavior or mood, or just want to be sure you're doing the best you can for your family? Do you ever feel triggered by parenting, overwhelmed, constantly worried or depressed? I work with parents, children, and families to help families thrive. Whether you're looking for mental health counseling for yourself, you and your partner, or your whole family, parenting support and education, or counseling for your child, we can work together to create a customized plan to reach your goals.
(574) 444-0836 View (574) 444-0836
Photo of Stacy McCann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ellisville, MO
Stacy McCann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ballwin, MO 63021
What's stopping you from being the mother and woman you want to be? Maybe it's total motherhood burnout. Constant overstimulation and overwhelm. Decision fatigue and mental load. Postpartum complications. Tantrums leaving you feeling helpless. Disconnection from your partner (and yourself). Your own past keeps resurfacing. Or maybe you've just lost sight of yourself, and who you want to be. Whatever the reason, there is help. I want to work with you to decrease overstimulation, overwhelm, and burnout, and support you in developing the coping skills to create a new path in motherhood, and in life!
What's stopping you from being the mother and woman you want to be? Maybe it's total motherhood burnout. Constant overstimulation and overwhelm. Decision fatigue and mental load. Postpartum complications. Tantrums leaving you feeling helpless. Disconnection from your partner (and yourself). Your own past keeps resurfacing. Or maybe you've just lost sight of yourself, and who you want to be. Whatever the reason, there is help. I want to work with you to decrease overstimulation, overwhelm, and burnout, and support you in developing the coping skills to create a new path in motherhood, and in life!
(618) 753-4462 View (618) 753-4462
Photo of Danielle Endejan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ellisville, MO
Danielle Endejan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, PLPC, CRAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63122
I look forward to meeting you! I was born and raised in St. Louis, & obtained my undergraduate degree with honors in Counseling and Education followed by a Master of Arts in Counseling for Licensure in Professional Counseling from MBU. I utilize empirically proven interventions (such as Motivational Interviewing, CBT, DBT) interwoven with compassionate wisdom for the therapeutic goal of coming alongside you in your unique journey and extending the opportunity and hope for healing & growth through the situation you find yourself in. My desire is to provide an authentic and compassionate environment that fosters continuous healing.
I look forward to meeting you! I was born and raised in St. Louis, & obtained my undergraduate degree with honors in Counseling and Education followed by a Master of Arts in Counseling for Licensure in Professional Counseling from MBU. I utilize empirically proven interventions (such as Motivational Interviewing, CBT, DBT) interwoven with compassionate wisdom for the therapeutic goal of coming alongside you in your unique journey and extending the opportunity and hope for healing & growth through the situation you find yourself in. My desire is to provide an authentic and compassionate environment that fosters continuous healing.
(314) 470-9169 View (314) 470-9169
Photo of Connie Trunk, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ellisville, MO
Connie Trunk
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC, NBCCHH, Hypnosi
Verified Verified
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
Professional Counseling and Clinical Hypnotherapi Sessions,Regression Therapist: Go Back to past to Heal the present symptom. Energy Psychotherapy:Body,Mind Spirit & Aura.Depression,Anxiety,Relationships,Couples Therapy, Addictive Relationships:Are you Addicted to someone? Specializing in Women's Issues,etc. Counseling Sessions Internal Family Systems (IFS)Parts Therapy,Inner Child Work,Clinical Hypnosis,Regression Therapy: Go back to past,Spiritual Healing,Reiki Master,Intuitive. Couples Counseling in my Office or by Internet, Counseling sessions and Hypnosis sessions for Grief Loss,Spiritual Healing,Intuitive,Energy Psych.
Professional Counseling and Clinical Hypnotherapi Sessions,Regression Therapist: Go Back to past to Heal the present symptom. Energy Psychotherapy:Body,Mind Spirit & Aura.Depression,Anxiety,Relationships,Couples Therapy, Addictive Relationships:Are you Addicted to someone? Specializing in Women's Issues,etc. Counseling Sessions Internal Family Systems (IFS)Parts Therapy,Inner Child Work,Clinical Hypnosis,Regression Therapy: Go back to past,Spiritual Healing,Reiki Master,Intuitive. Couples Counseling in my Office or by Internet, Counseling sessions and Hypnosis sessions for Grief Loss,Spiritual Healing,Intuitive,Energy Psych.
(314) 731-7667 View (314) 731-7667
Photo of Keri Simon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ellisville, MO
Keri Simon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chesterfield, MO 63017
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, and anger? Are you unhappy in your relationships? Discover what patterns of thinking and behaving are keeping you in this rut. Explore what fears, anger and emotional injuries are keeping you from being your best self. Together, we can address the symptoms that are manifesting so that you feel better. You CAN change the way you feel. I connect and build rapport with clients who have not had much success in therapy prior and focus on building a trusting, therapeutic relationship. Call me to see if I am the right therapist for you!
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, and anger? Are you unhappy in your relationships? Discover what patterns of thinking and behaving are keeping you in this rut. Explore what fears, anger and emotional injuries are keeping you from being your best self. Together, we can address the symptoms that are manifesting so that you feel better. You CAN change the way you feel. I connect and build rapport with clients who have not had much success in therapy prior and focus on building a trusting, therapeutic relationship. Call me to see if I am the right therapist for you!
(314) 899-2065 View (314) 899-2065
Photo of Roberta Kerosevic, Counselor in Ellisville, MO
Roberta Kerosevic
Counselor, MS, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63122
Have open availability for winter 2024! Sliding scale and some Medicaid; can be weekly or every other week sessions. My goals are to give clients and their families tools, and offer genuine support in daily and/or lifelong struggles. My belief is that change is possible for anyone, but the client and their loved ones need to have an open mind, and believe in love and support. Getting out of your comfort zone is a guarantee, and therapy is the first step. I will work with you and others who support you to reach your goals and make changes that lead to lifelong healthy habits of self care and thriving personal relationships.
Have open availability for winter 2024! Sliding scale and some Medicaid; can be weekly or every other week sessions. My goals are to give clients and their families tools, and offer genuine support in daily and/or lifelong struggles. My belief is that change is possible for anyone, but the client and their loved ones need to have an open mind, and believe in love and support. Getting out of your comfort zone is a guarantee, and therapy is the first step. I will work with you and others who support you to reach your goals and make changes that lead to lifelong healthy habits of self care and thriving personal relationships.
(314) 408-5054 View (314) 408-5054
Photo of Elizabeth Wooten in Ellisville, MO
Elizabeth Wooten
MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Fenton, MO 63026
Hey there! If you're riding the rollercoaster of life with ADHD, Autism, or any other neurodiverse traits, I get it. Maybe you're in the thick of life changes, or just on a journey of self-discovery. Maybe you're searching for someone to help you navigate these challenges and cheer on your wins. Well, I'm your gal. In our sessions, you lead the way with what feels most comfortable for you, whether we play games, do some art, or just have a chat (I have squishmallows and fidgets). I'm here to collaborate and guide you toward embracing and celebrating your unique self.
Hey there! If you're riding the rollercoaster of life with ADHD, Autism, or any other neurodiverse traits, I get it. Maybe you're in the thick of life changes, or just on a journey of self-discovery. Maybe you're searching for someone to help you navigate these challenges and cheer on your wins. Well, I'm your gal. In our sessions, you lead the way with what feels most comfortable for you, whether we play games, do some art, or just have a chat (I have squishmallows and fidgets). I'm here to collaborate and guide you toward embracing and celebrating your unique self.
(636) 429-2272 View (636) 429-2272
Photo of Helen R Friedman, Psychologist in Ellisville, MO
Helen R Friedman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chesterfield, MO 63017  (Online Only)
Dr. Helen Friedman is a compassionate and interactive clinical psychologist with 10 years of additional formal training after her Ph.D. and 41 years in practice. She works with anxiety, stress, depression, grief, divorce, sexual and relationship issues. Specialty areas are child sexual abuse (children, adults, victims and perpetrators), compulsive sexual behavior (including porn addiction and partners), dissociative identity disorder, and gender identity. Trained in a variety of therapeutic modalities (family systems, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, gestalt, etc.), she tailors her approach to the individual, couple, or family.
Dr. Helen Friedman is a compassionate and interactive clinical psychologist with 10 years of additional formal training after her Ph.D. and 41 years in practice. She works with anxiety, stress, depression, grief, divorce, sexual and relationship issues. Specialty areas are child sexual abuse (children, adults, victims and perpetrators), compulsive sexual behavior (including porn addiction and partners), dissociative identity disorder, and gender identity. Trained in a variety of therapeutic modalities (family systems, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, gestalt, etc.), she tailors her approach to the individual, couple, or family.
(314) 781-4500 View (314) 781-4500
Photo of Debra H Zand, Psychologist in Ellisville, MO
Debra H Zand
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63127
Dr. Debra Zand, founder and co-owner of Midwest Psychological Services LLC, is a clinical psychologist with 20+ years of experience working with children and their families. She has particular expertise in conducting comprehensive psychological testing, as well as individual and family therapies. Dr. Zand uses an integrative, playful approach to conducting therapy She routinely see families to address: adoption issues, attachment, developmental trauma, anxiety, depression, parent-child relationship struggles, self-regulation difficulties, communication struggles, divorce, and remarriage.
Dr. Debra Zand, founder and co-owner of Midwest Psychological Services LLC, is a clinical psychologist with 20+ years of experience working with children and their families. She has particular expertise in conducting comprehensive psychological testing, as well as individual and family therapies. Dr. Zand uses an integrative, playful approach to conducting therapy She routinely see families to address: adoption issues, attachment, developmental trauma, anxiety, depression, parent-child relationship struggles, self-regulation difficulties, communication struggles, divorce, and remarriage.
(314) 858-8067 View (314) 858-8067
Photo of Darbi Keene, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ellisville, MO
Darbi Keene
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chesterfield, MO 63005  (Online Only)
You're tired of regular "talk therapy" and are sick of being stuck in a cycle that leaves you feeling burnt out. Maybe you are LGBTQ+ or Neurodivergent and need someone who understands the nuances of that. Do you want to learn distress tolerance skills to use in moments where it seems like the overwhelming emotions you feel are a dangerous tidal wave about to crash around you? Are you a caretaker who has discovered how overstimulating parenting is and want to improve your own emotional regulation so that you can help your child regulate? You are capable of the hard things. Let me help you find that capability within yourself!
You're tired of regular "talk therapy" and are sick of being stuck in a cycle that leaves you feeling burnt out. Maybe you are LGBTQ+ or Neurodivergent and need someone who understands the nuances of that. Do you want to learn distress tolerance skills to use in moments where it seems like the overwhelming emotions you feel are a dangerous tidal wave about to crash around you? Are you a caretaker who has discovered how overstimulating parenting is and want to improve your own emotional regulation so that you can help your child regulate? You are capable of the hard things. Let me help you find that capability within yourself!
(816) 312-5962 View (816) 312-5962
Photo of Alicia Polk, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ellisville, MO
Alicia Polk
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Wildwood, MO 63038  (Online Only)
You might want to tell someone your story but you are afraid you won't be believed, and that would be devastating. Dissociative disorders are commonly overlooked by mental health professionals, so it’s likely you’ve been disbelieved before or told you were imagining things. Or maybe, like some of my clients, your symptoms were incorrectly labeled as panic attacks, hallucinations, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, PTSD, or schizophrenia. I’m here to tell you that I believe you. You might feel crazy, but you aren't crazy. DID is not an illness (it's a wound and coping strategy) and healing IS possible.
You might want to tell someone your story but you are afraid you won't be believed, and that would be devastating. Dissociative disorders are commonly overlooked by mental health professionals, so it’s likely you’ve been disbelieved before or told you were imagining things. Or maybe, like some of my clients, your symptoms were incorrectly labeled as panic attacks, hallucinations, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, PTSD, or schizophrenia. I’m here to tell you that I believe you. You might feel crazy, but you aren't crazy. DID is not an illness (it's a wound and coping strategy) and healing IS possible.
(816) 656-3274 View (816) 656-3274
Photo of Cozy Chair Counseling - Anna Kisting, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ellisville, MO
Cozy Chair Counseling - Anna Kisting
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, MO 63303
How amazing would it feel to be totally accepted and unconditionally supported, where YOUR needs are the priority? You're likely here searching for someone who will truly understand you, who knows how to help you with whatever is hurting right now. Does your past make today harder? Are you feeling frustrated and disconnected within your relationships? Do you wake up every day feeling discouraged or stuck? Or struggle to fall asleep because your brain can't stop worrying? We're a group of knowledgeable, compassionate clinicians who are invested in figuring this all out WITH you. Let us help you. We can tackle these things together.
How amazing would it feel to be totally accepted and unconditionally supported, where YOUR needs are the priority? You're likely here searching for someone who will truly understand you, who knows how to help you with whatever is hurting right now. Does your past make today harder? Are you feeling frustrated and disconnected within your relationships? Do you wake up every day feeling discouraged or stuck? Or struggle to fall asleep because your brain can't stop worrying? We're a group of knowledgeable, compassionate clinicians who are invested in figuring this all out WITH you. Let us help you. We can tackle these things together.
(636) 205-1278 View (636) 205-1278

See more therapy options for Ellisville


Attachment-based Therapists

Is attachment-based therapy the same as attachment therapy?

Attachment-based therapy may be confused with what is called “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy”), a discredited and dangerous approach to treating children with attachment disorders, autism, or other mental health concerns. Attachment therapy—not attachment-based therapy—may involve restraining a child, forcing eye contact, and other coercive or abusive techniques. None of these practices are used in attachment-based therapy and the two modalities are in no way related.

What should I expect from attachment-based therapy?

Attachment-based therapy is based on attachment theory, which posits that children’s early relationships with their caregivers strongly influence their ability to navigate the world later in life. Thus, adults who seek attachment-based therapy should expect to deeply explore their childhood, identifying the dynamics or experiences that disrupted their attachment and the steps necessary to overcome challenges that arose as a result. Parents and children should expect to explore the possible factors that disrupted the parent-child relationship and work toward restoring trust and connection.

How long does attachment-based therapy last?

Certain forms of attachment-based therapy, especially those designed for parents and children, last for a set number of sessions; for example, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up, a specific attachment-based approach for young children who have undergone early adversity, unfolds over 10 one-hour sessions. When attachment-based therapy is practiced on adults or combined with other modalities, it may not last a specific length of time; clients may wish to ask prospective therapists how long they expect treatment to take.

Does attachment-based therapy work?

Most of the research on attachment-based therapy focuses on children and adolescents. Some of this research shows a positive effect, especially for attachment-based family therapy (ABFT). Other studies, however, have found that attachment-based therapy is no more effective than other approaches to childhood depression, anxiety, or suicidality. Less is known about the therapy’s efficacy on adult populations.