Therapists in Kirkwood, MO

Photo of Alyssa Wood, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Alyssa Wood
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
I am honored to help my clients see through the messiness of life and grieve what should have been. Clients often come to me after losing a loved one, struggling with body image or disordered eating, or trying to cope with a traumatic event. I also am a part of a foundation of therapists that work with reality tv stars before, during, and after they are cast on unscripted reality tv shows.
I am honored to help my clients see through the messiness of life and grieve what should have been. Clients often come to me after losing a loved one, struggling with body image or disordered eating, or trying to cope with a traumatic event. I also am a part of a foundation of therapists that work with reality tv stars before, during, and after they are cast on unscripted reality tv shows.
(314) 970-3528 View (314) 970-3528
Photo of Creating Your Journey, LLC in Kirkwood, MO
Creating Your Journey, LLC
MA, LPC, ATR, CEDS-C
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Are you struggling with disordered eating, negative body image, anxiety, depression, and/or unresolved trauma? Creating Your Journey has three therapist that specializes in treating eating disorders, body dysmorphia, mood disorder and trauma related disorders.
Are you struggling with disordered eating, negative body image, anxiety, depression, and/or unresolved trauma? Creating Your Journey has three therapist that specializes in treating eating disorders, body dysmorphia, mood disorder and trauma related disorders.
(314) 833-8865 View (314) 833-8865
Photo of Alyssa Edwards, Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Alyssa Edwards
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
As a counselor, my goal is to provide my clients the space and support which help them feel safe and comfortable to feel, think, change, grow and explore. I utilize a warm, empathetic, motivational and encouraging style of communication with my clients in order to help them seek changes and growth they desire for they lives. I utilize many theories and techniques from multiple types of therapy in order to find the best fit for each individual client. I also utilize humor (when appropriate) when you need someone to share joy with. Please see below for my specializations.
As a counselor, my goal is to provide my clients the space and support which help them feel safe and comfortable to feel, think, change, grow and explore. I utilize a warm, empathetic, motivational and encouraging style of communication with my clients in order to help them seek changes and growth they desire for they lives. I utilize many theories and techniques from multiple types of therapy in order to find the best fit for each individual client. I also utilize humor (when appropriate) when you need someone to share joy with. Please see below for my specializations.
(314) 582-0449 View (314) 582-0449
Photo of Sarah Perry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkwood, MO
Sarah Perry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SEP, BCN
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Not accepting new clients
Hi! I'm Sarah, a therapist serving clients with attachment and developmental struggles, eating disorders/disordered eating, trauma/PTSD, personality disorders, and mood disorders. I believe (and research shows) that a strong, safe therapeutic relationship is the most important factor in healing. My goal is for you to feel heard, seen, and understood as I walk alongside you in your healing process. No matter your story or lived experience, we will work together to create a safe and supportive space to help you feel empowered and to help you connect authentically with yourself and with others.
Hi! I'm Sarah, a therapist serving clients with attachment and developmental struggles, eating disorders/disordered eating, trauma/PTSD, personality disorders, and mood disorders. I believe (and research shows) that a strong, safe therapeutic relationship is the most important factor in healing. My goal is for you to feel heard, seen, and understood as I walk alongside you in your healing process. No matter your story or lived experience, we will work together to create a safe and supportive space to help you feel empowered and to help you connect authentically with yourself and with others.
(314) 527-2325 View (314) 527-2325
Photo of Meredith Beard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkwood, MO
Meredith Beard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122
A little about me... I couldn’t survive without my assortment of To Do lists. Somehow I manage to surprise myself again and again by not completing the lengthy tasks I hoped to cross off my lists. I wish I prioritized time in nature, self-care, and getting together with friends. The frenetic pace of our modern “grind culture” is a force I find challenging to resist. Despite having book knowledge on anxiety, I still have panicky moments. Through my own therapy, I am unlearning the message of hustling for my worth and aiming to embrace my limitations. I have come to learn that my triggers often end up being my best teachers.
A little about me... I couldn’t survive without my assortment of To Do lists. Somehow I manage to surprise myself again and again by not completing the lengthy tasks I hoped to cross off my lists. I wish I prioritized time in nature, self-care, and getting together with friends. The frenetic pace of our modern “grind culture” is a force I find challenging to resist. Despite having book knowledge on anxiety, I still have panicky moments. Through my own therapy, I am unlearning the message of hustling for my worth and aiming to embrace my limitations. I have come to learn that my triggers often end up being my best teachers.
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Photo of Kaitlyn Brown, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Kaitlyn Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Some of us have been taught to fear or push away certain emotions and parts of who we really are. We’ve been taught to disregard what our body and feelings are telling us in order to make others comfortable. While this might seem like the path to approval, it often leads to shame and disconnection. A way to combat these messages are to move towards authenticity and acceptance of all our parts. To learn to advocate for ourselves, heal from our wounds, and stand firm in who we are. I would be honored to work alongside you in the journey.
Some of us have been taught to fear or push away certain emotions and parts of who we really are. We’ve been taught to disregard what our body and feelings are telling us in order to make others comfortable. While this might seem like the path to approval, it often leads to shame and disconnection. A way to combat these messages are to move towards authenticity and acceptance of all our parts. To learn to advocate for ourselves, heal from our wounds, and stand firm in who we are. I would be honored to work alongside you in the journey.
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Photo of Amy Turk Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Amy Turk Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Our mental health is impacted by our physiology as well as a variety of environmental factors. My approach as a therapist is to get to know you and your unique story very well. In the process, we identify which parts play what role and how best to heal. I work collaboratively with you to optimize functioning, restore inner peace and find happiness. Allow me to help you along on your healing and growth journey.
Our mental health is impacted by our physiology as well as a variety of environmental factors. My approach as a therapist is to get to know you and your unique story very well. In the process, we identify which parts play what role and how best to heal. I work collaboratively with you to optimize functioning, restore inner peace and find happiness. Allow me to help you along on your healing and growth journey.
(314) 852-8543 View (314) 852-8543
Photo of Mallory Lamb, Psychologist in Kirkwood, MO
Mallory Lamb
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Many of my clients have anxiety that presents as overthinking, indecision, self-criticism, avoidance, and tying worth to performance. This may show up in relationships, self-esteem, or a sense of overwhelm. Together we will lean into anxiety to re-expand your life, deconstruct your inner-critic, and change patterns keeping you stuck. In my practice, I primarily utilize relationally and developmentally informed Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). My style is a blend of process and practical, to gain insight and make change when you are ready.
Many of my clients have anxiety that presents as overthinking, indecision, self-criticism, avoidance, and tying worth to performance. This may show up in relationships, self-esteem, or a sense of overwhelm. Together we will lean into anxiety to re-expand your life, deconstruct your inner-critic, and change patterns keeping you stuck. In my practice, I primarily utilize relationally and developmentally informed Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). My style is a blend of process and practical, to gain insight and make change when you are ready.
(314) 526-2512 View (314) 526-2512
Photo of Uplift and Connect Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Uplift and Connect Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
It's getting harder and harder not to argue in front of the kids. Or, not to argue at all. You are feeling resentful and annoyed with your partner and your negative reactions happen faster than ever before. Plus, you don't want to rock the boat and almost any conversation you have right now turns into an argument. It feels like the person lying next to you in bed is only a roommate and you are lonely. You thought things were getting better but then one more fight sent you back to square-one of feeling alone and distant from each other. You are no longer playing the waiting/hoping game and are looking for change.
It's getting harder and harder not to argue in front of the kids. Or, not to argue at all. You are feeling resentful and annoyed with your partner and your negative reactions happen faster than ever before. Plus, you don't want to rock the boat and almost any conversation you have right now turns into an argument. It feels like the person lying next to you in bed is only a roommate and you are lonely. You thought things were getting better but then one more fight sent you back to square-one of feeling alone and distant from each other. You are no longer playing the waiting/hoping game and are looking for change.
(314) 403-2609 View (314) 403-2609
Photo of Jennifer Candice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkwood, MO
Jennifer Candice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Waitlist for new clients
Serious and chronic illness, difficult life transitions, or the profound grief you experience with the loss of a loved one – it can leave us feeling depressed, anxious, angry, confused, isolated, and lost. A lot of the time, we acclimate and move right along, but other times, it throws us completely off course. When the unthinkable happens to you, how do you get to a place where you feel safe, content, and at peace? Whatever your therapeutic goals may be, you deserve to feel heard, understood, and validated.
Serious and chronic illness, difficult life transitions, or the profound grief you experience with the loss of a loved one – it can leave us feeling depressed, anxious, angry, confused, isolated, and lost. A lot of the time, we acclimate and move right along, but other times, it throws us completely off course. When the unthinkable happens to you, how do you get to a place where you feel safe, content, and at peace? Whatever your therapeutic goals may be, you deserve to feel heard, understood, and validated.
(314) 926-1789 View (314) 926-1789
Photo of Joy Gillespie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkwood, MO
Joy Gillespie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122  (Online Only)
My clients describe me as someone they feel safe and comfortable with, someone they feel they can trust, and someone that genuinely cares for them. Some of my clients describe themselves as perfectionists or high achievers; others identify as "people pleasers" struggling with setting healthy boundaries. Many of my clients have unhealed childhood wounds, and struggle with anxiety, depression or interpersonal relationship issues. It is my passion to help my clients figure out why they feel or react the way they do so that they can feel "good enough" about themselves on the inside and build healthier relationship with others.
My clients describe me as someone they feel safe and comfortable with, someone they feel they can trust, and someone that genuinely cares for them. Some of my clients describe themselves as perfectionists or high achievers; others identify as "people pleasers" struggling with setting healthy boundaries. Many of my clients have unhealed childhood wounds, and struggle with anxiety, depression or interpersonal relationship issues. It is my passion to help my clients figure out why they feel or react the way they do so that they can feel "good enough" about themselves on the inside and build healthier relationship with others.
(314) 501-7828 View (314) 501-7828
Elephant Rock Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Welcome to Elephant Rock Counseling - we have recently added an experienced female therapists who still has some availability for NEW CLIENTS. The majority of our therapists work with Adults & Adolescents - we can assist with important life goals and help you find more adaptive coping skills working through challenging obstacles that usually lead one to therapy. Areas of speciality include: Motivational Interviewing for Addiction, Behavioral Activation for Depression, Acceptance and Commitment Trauma Focused Therapy for Anxiety, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for Suicidal & Self-Harm Behaviors.
Welcome to Elephant Rock Counseling - we have recently added an experienced female therapists who still has some availability for NEW CLIENTS. The majority of our therapists work with Adults & Adolescents - we can assist with important life goals and help you find more adaptive coping skills working through challenging obstacles that usually lead one to therapy. Areas of speciality include: Motivational Interviewing for Addiction, Behavioral Activation for Depression, Acceptance and Commitment Trauma Focused Therapy for Anxiety, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for Suicidal & Self-Harm Behaviors.
(314) 626-8509 View (314) 626-8509
Photo of Natalie Lanning, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkwood, MO
Natalie Lanning
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Many women experience life changes, whether expected or unexpected, that result in feelings of restlessness, confusion and anxiety. Perhaps you feel stuck, consumed by negative thoughts or concerns, unable to complete goals and/or are looking for a change within yourself. Often we find ourselves at crossroads struggling for clarity or ways to find joy. Let me help you find a path of hope and confidence again.
Many women experience life changes, whether expected or unexpected, that result in feelings of restlessness, confusion and anxiety. Perhaps you feel stuck, consumed by negative thoughts or concerns, unable to complete goals and/or are looking for a change within yourself. Often we find ourselves at crossroads struggling for clarity or ways to find joy. Let me help you find a path of hope and confidence again.
(314) 310-7166 View (314) 310-7166
Photo of Brian R Hampel, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Brian R Hampel
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
I have been working with children, adolescents, young adults (including those on the Autism Spectrum) and their families for thirteen years. My focus is on helping them with anxiety, depression, anger, relationships, school difficulties and a variety of issues. I take a personalized, strengths based, solutions focused approach using techniques designed to best suit the individual. I believe the adolescent today faces many challenges, some timeless and others unique to this generation. My goal for clients in therapy is to help foster growth from adversity, in a relaxed and nonjudgmental environment.
I have been working with children, adolescents, young adults (including those on the Autism Spectrum) and their families for thirteen years. My focus is on helping them with anxiety, depression, anger, relationships, school difficulties and a variety of issues. I take a personalized, strengths based, solutions focused approach using techniques designed to best suit the individual. I believe the adolescent today faces many challenges, some timeless and others unique to this generation. My goal for clients in therapy is to help foster growth from adversity, in a relaxed and nonjudgmental environment.
(636) 789-1027 View (636) 789-1027
Photo of David Chism, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
David Chism
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling with feeling numb, cut off from your emotions, isolating yourself from others, stuck in a depression that never seems to go away, struggling to stay present or even to have the energy to get out of bed in the morning? Or how about the opposite, feeling too much, dominated by anxiety and panic, constantly on edge around reminders of your trauma, struggling to keep it together and control your emotions? Or do you find yourself going back and forth between these feeling numb and feeling too much states? If so, I would love to help you work with both your brain and nervous system to help you resolve your trauma.
Are you struggling with feeling numb, cut off from your emotions, isolating yourself from others, stuck in a depression that never seems to go away, struggling to stay present or even to have the energy to get out of bed in the morning? Or how about the opposite, feeling too much, dominated by anxiety and panic, constantly on edge around reminders of your trauma, struggling to keep it together and control your emotions? Or do you find yourself going back and forth between these feeling numb and feeling too much states? If so, I would love to help you work with both your brain and nervous system to help you resolve your trauma.
(314) 907-0729 View (314) 907-0729
Photo of Jennifer Nahm, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkwood, MO
Jennifer Nahm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Welcome. My approach to therapy revolves around insight, empowerment, and making meaningful changes in life. My areas of specialty include: navigating life transitions, overcoming traumatic experiences, processing grief, managing chronic illnesses, improving communication/relationship dynamics, strengthening the mind-body connection, enhancing self-esteem, and cultivating stress management practices. I also really enjoy working with other therapists and being a support/resource for a variety of wellness professionals.
Welcome. My approach to therapy revolves around insight, empowerment, and making meaningful changes in life. My areas of specialty include: navigating life transitions, overcoming traumatic experiences, processing grief, managing chronic illnesses, improving communication/relationship dynamics, strengthening the mind-body connection, enhancing self-esteem, and cultivating stress management practices. I also really enjoy working with other therapists and being a support/resource for a variety of wellness professionals.
(636) 442-1813 View (636) 442-1813
Photo of Holly Winston, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kirkwood, MO
Holly Winston
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Are you are struggling with where you are right now? Do you feel stressed or disconnected? Maybe you have chosen to make a big change recently. . . or you feel like you’re living in a situation that you don’t control? Therapy can help. It is possible to decrease anxiety and sadness and feel more resilient, connected, and joyful.
Are you are struggling with where you are right now? Do you feel stressed or disconnected? Maybe you have chosen to make a big change recently. . . or you feel like you’re living in a situation that you don’t control? Therapy can help. It is possible to decrease anxiety and sadness and feel more resilient, connected, and joyful.
(314) 937-6214 View (314) 937-6214
Photo of Vera Gabliani, Psychologist in Kirkwood, MO
Vera Gabliani
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122  (Online Only)
The way you are living isn't working anymore. It's getting harder to keep up the appearance of being fine like you always have. When you think about how you've been acting and feeling recently, you're not quite sure you like the person you've become. All the struggles & conflicts you face with your partner, kids, family, co-workers keep you on overload, but you have no idea how you could handle them differently. You feel like your life is out of control, and you are ready to try anything that might help you to not completely fall apart and live in dread and overwhelm every day.
The way you are living isn't working anymore. It's getting harder to keep up the appearance of being fine like you always have. When you think about how you've been acting and feeling recently, you're not quite sure you like the person you've become. All the struggles & conflicts you face with your partner, kids, family, co-workers keep you on overload, but you have no idea how you could handle them differently. You feel like your life is out of control, and you are ready to try anything that might help you to not completely fall apart and live in dread and overwhelm every day.
(314) 222-2399 View (314) 222-2399
Photo of Daniel J Frank, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Daniel J Frank
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
I understand how challenging being an adolescent can be. I have worked with adolescents for over 25 years. I can offer a private, confidential and safe environment to be able to work through those challenges. I can help with: anxiety, depression, school issues, being bullied, resolving conflicts, Asperger's Syndrome, social skills, identity struggles, drugs and alcohol issues, and a stressful home life. I am ready to take on those challenges with you and show you that you can overcome them.
I understand how challenging being an adolescent can be. I have worked with adolescents for over 25 years. I can offer a private, confidential and safe environment to be able to work through those challenges. I can help with: anxiety, depression, school issues, being bullied, resolving conflicts, Asperger's Syndrome, social skills, identity struggles, drugs and alcohol issues, and a stressful home life. I am ready to take on those challenges with you and show you that you can overcome them.
(314) 403-7128 View (314) 403-7128
Photo of Beth Brawley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kirkwood, MO
Beth Brawley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Kirkwood, MO 63122
Waitlist for new clients
If you've learned anything about your anxiety, it's that it is absolutely, unrelentingly ruthless. You wonder why you can't just go about your day and not think so much. Your worries seem to pop up out of nowhere, but no matter what you do, nothing helps. They just keep coming back, over and over, even stronger and more persistent. You're worried that it's totally out of control at this point, because you're so sick of worrying, and yet it also feels like you HAVE to worry. It’s exhausting. You're exhausted.
If you've learned anything about your anxiety, it's that it is absolutely, unrelentingly ruthless. You wonder why you can't just go about your day and not think so much. Your worries seem to pop up out of nowhere, but no matter what you do, nothing helps. They just keep coming back, over and over, even stronger and more persistent. You're worried that it's totally out of control at this point, because you're so sick of worrying, and yet it also feels like you HAVE to worry. It’s exhausting. You're exhausted.
(314) 736-3272 View (314) 736-3272

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Kirkwood, MO

200+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Kirkwood, MO who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
80% Self Esteem
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Kirkwood, MO see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Kirkwood?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.