Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Alexis Short, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Alexis Short
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
I am passionate about working with adolescents and young adults. However, I really enjoy working with any individual that wants to explore their mental health or maybe just needs someone to talk to. I am here to help you express and process through many different ways such as art, games, talking, mindfulness exercises, and much more.
I am passionate about working with adolescents and young adults. However, I really enjoy working with any individual that wants to explore their mental health or maybe just needs someone to talk to. I am here to help you express and process through many different ways such as art, games, talking, mindfulness exercises, and much more.
(314) 789-3047 View (314) 789-3047
Photo of Richard B. Boswell, LCSW, L.L.C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Richard B. Boswell, LCSW, L.L.C
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LLC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63132  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My practice is highly specialized using evidence-based methods that help couples, families and individuals. I am certified by both the Gottman Institute and the International Center for Excellence in Emotionally Focused Therapy to help couples. I also work with individuals experiencing the challenge of depression, anxiety, trauma, bipolar disorder, parenting issues or those needing to improve their relationships with the important people in their lives.
My practice is highly specialized using evidence-based methods that help couples, families and individuals. I am certified by both the Gottman Institute and the International Center for Excellence in Emotionally Focused Therapy to help couples. I also work with individuals experiencing the challenge of depression, anxiety, trauma, bipolar disorder, parenting issues or those needing to improve their relationships with the important people in their lives.
(314) 334-8835 View (314) 334-8835
Photo of Steven Carlson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Steven Carlson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MATS, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109
Hello! I am an intuitive therapist who holds safe space for individuals to gain insight, understanding, and healing into themselves and their life experiences. I support you in exploring and living an authentic, empowered, creative and meaningful life. Being seen, understood and accepted as we actually are in this present moment is essential. I am committed to being a compassionate witness and mirror in your transformative journey of healing and (re)discovery. If you’re looking for a philosophically and metaphysically informed psychotherapist, I am your person.
Hello! I am an intuitive therapist who holds safe space for individuals to gain insight, understanding, and healing into themselves and their life experiences. I support you in exploring and living an authentic, empowered, creative and meaningful life. Being seen, understood and accepted as we actually are in this present moment is essential. I am committed to being a compassionate witness and mirror in your transformative journey of healing and (re)discovery. If you’re looking for a philosophically and metaphysically informed psychotherapist, I am your person.
(314) 207-8220 View (314) 207-8220
Photo of Jerry C Clerc, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Jerry C Clerc
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63109  (Online Only)
I offer a broad and deep set of trainings which in a very practical way help people grow: emotionally, behaviorally, spiritually. Potential clients will find evidence based methods, flexibility of approach, and a willingness to listen collaboratively. The goals that we develop together will feel sensible, clear, doable, and exciting. This is a very active therapy. From all my learnings I have developed my own form of psychotherapy
I offer a broad and deep set of trainings which in a very practical way help people grow: emotionally, behaviorally, spiritually. Potential clients will find evidence based methods, flexibility of approach, and a willingness to listen collaboratively. The goals that we develop together will feel sensible, clear, doable, and exciting. This is a very active therapy. From all my learnings I have developed my own form of psychotherapy
(314) 827-5993 View (314) 827-5993
Photo of Travis Munnerlyn, Psychologist in Saint Louis, MO
Travis Munnerlyn
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
For many of us, childhood was mentally and emotionally confusing. And we may find that these experiences impact us even now — they season how we relate to others, how we interact with our worlds, and even how we conceive of our future. Making sense of all of this requires a respect for very human needs like safety, stability, and positive and corrective emotional experiences. Therapy is often the single most helpful and effective intervention to those ends—it certainly has been healing for me. I hold a deep respect and honor for those who are able to show up to do this work.
For many of us, childhood was mentally and emotionally confusing. And we may find that these experiences impact us even now — they season how we relate to others, how we interact with our worlds, and even how we conceive of our future. Making sense of all of this requires a respect for very human needs like safety, stability, and positive and corrective emotional experiences. Therapy is often the single most helpful and effective intervention to those ends—it certainly has been healing for me. I hold a deep respect and honor for those who are able to show up to do this work.
(314) 947-5910 View (314) 947-5910
Photo of Rachel Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Rachel Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139  (Online Only)
Hello! I'm so glad you're looking into therapy, and I know starting therapy can be very overwhelming. If you're feeling lost in your life, career, or relationships, therapy can assist you in finding what makes your life worth living. I can help you create a life that is intentional and full of things that bring you genuine happiness. You deserve a life that is full of joy and fulfillment. I enjoy working with queer folk, college students, young women, and people who want to become an active participant in their lives. Website: www.learntolovetherapy.com
Hello! I'm so glad you're looking into therapy, and I know starting therapy can be very overwhelming. If you're feeling lost in your life, career, or relationships, therapy can assist you in finding what makes your life worth living. I can help you create a life that is intentional and full of things that bring you genuine happiness. You deserve a life that is full of joy and fulfillment. I enjoy working with queer folk, college students, young women, and people who want to become an active participant in their lives. Website: www.learntolovetherapy.com
(314) 408-6137 View (314) 408-6137
Photo of Caitlin Adolphsen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Caitlin Adolphsen
Pre-Licensed Professional, NCC, PLPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63141
Are you feeling lost or unsure where to start? Or maybe you've been on your journey for some time and feel like you've tried everything. Do you feel like you've lost a part of you and aren't sure how to cope with it? I understand that starting and maintaining your healing journey can feel confusing or overwhelming. Let's take a deep breath and take that next step toward healing.
Are you feeling lost or unsure where to start? Or maybe you've been on your journey for some time and feel like you've tried everything. Do you feel like you've lost a part of you and aren't sure how to cope with it? I understand that starting and maintaining your healing journey can feel confusing or overwhelming. Let's take a deep breath and take that next step toward healing.
(314) 937-6199 View (314) 937-6199
Photo of Courtney Kempker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Courtney Kempker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Do you have struggles in relationships or have a trauma history that is still impacting you? I can help you to break out of unhealthy patterns and cope and integrate negative experiences in positive ways. I can help clients to have healthier relationships, a stronger sense of self, better ways to cope with and manage symptoms, and to resolve unprocessed trauma. Achieving these goals means experiencing a higher quality of life. My ideal client is also able to be open minded in exploring their emotions in psychosomatic ways through interventions like brain spotting.
Do you have struggles in relationships or have a trauma history that is still impacting you? I can help you to break out of unhealthy patterns and cope and integrate negative experiences in positive ways. I can help clients to have healthier relationships, a stronger sense of self, better ways to cope with and manage symptoms, and to resolve unprocessed trauma. Achieving these goals means experiencing a higher quality of life. My ideal client is also able to be open minded in exploring their emotions in psychosomatic ways through interventions like brain spotting.
(314) 834-6372 View (314) 834-6372
Photo of Dr. Danielle Mosley, Psychologist in Saint Louis, MO
Dr. Danielle Mosley
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63131
Waitlist for new clients
Are you a parent with concerns about your child's development, behavior, or mood? Do you have a child with a chronic health condition who could benefit from learning skills to improve coping and adjustment, increase the likelihood of following medical recommendations, or decrease anxiety or pain related to an illness or injury? Do you have concerns about your child's feeding/eating habits, toileting, fears/phobias, or disruptive behavior?
Are you a parent with concerns about your child's development, behavior, or mood? Do you have a child with a chronic health condition who could benefit from learning skills to improve coping and adjustment, increase the likelihood of following medical recommendations, or decrease anxiety or pain related to an illness or injury? Do you have concerns about your child's feeding/eating habits, toileting, fears/phobias, or disruptive behavior?
(314) 310-5420 View (314) 310-5420
Photo of Shawn G FitzWilliam, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Shawn G FitzWilliam
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63103
Waitlist for new clients
I am proud to work with fellow healthcare professionals, individuals from different cultural backgrounds, individuals in the LGBTQ+ community, and anyone who is new to therapy or has tried therapy before but without success. My ideal client is any adult who currently struggles with anxiety, depression, PTSD or other trauma, OCD, burnout, or relationship concerns who is ready to commit to treatment. I believe in meeting clients where they are. I view my job as being your guide to better manage symptoms that represent barriers to you moving forward in your life, following a path determined by your personal values.
I am proud to work with fellow healthcare professionals, individuals from different cultural backgrounds, individuals in the LGBTQ+ community, and anyone who is new to therapy or has tried therapy before but without success. My ideal client is any adult who currently struggles with anxiety, depression, PTSD or other trauma, OCD, burnout, or relationship concerns who is ready to commit to treatment. I believe in meeting clients where they are. I view my job as being your guide to better manage symptoms that represent barriers to you moving forward in your life, following a path determined by your personal values.
(314) 648-8485 View (314) 648-8485
Photo of Mary Beth Harper, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Mary Beth Harper
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63141
The therapeutic relationship is viewed as a collaborative effort where client and therapist join together to seek understanding, healing, and peace. Mary Beth has over 30 years' experience as a Marriage and Family Therapist. Premarital and marital therapy is provided with a balanced perspective seeking ways to build or rebuild intimate friendship and devoted connection. Individual therapy also provided, focused on issues such as relationship conflict, loss, anxiety and depression.
The therapeutic relationship is viewed as a collaborative effort where client and therapist join together to seek understanding, healing, and peace. Mary Beth has over 30 years' experience as a Marriage and Family Therapist. Premarital and marital therapy is provided with a balanced perspective seeking ways to build or rebuild intimate friendship and devoted connection. Individual therapy also provided, focused on issues such as relationship conflict, loss, anxiety and depression.
(314) 527-2122 View (314) 527-2122
Photo of Levi Levin, LPC Intern in Saint Louis, MO
Levi Levin
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
Hey! I’m Levi. I invite you to take a moment in your search to exhale with me. I appreciate you finding your way to me today. What’s more, I appreciate the world you exist in right now. No matter your stage of life, or which part(s) of your internal and external worlds you want to discuss – I will arrive in gentle kindness to strategize with you toward digestible approaches to life problems. You need not have “one big issue” that brings you to our space. In the words of my favorite band, Yo La Tengo: “Let’s be undecided, let’s take our time; and sooner or later, we will know our mind.”
Hey! I’m Levi. I invite you to take a moment in your search to exhale with me. I appreciate you finding your way to me today. What’s more, I appreciate the world you exist in right now. No matter your stage of life, or which part(s) of your internal and external worlds you want to discuss – I will arrive in gentle kindness to strategize with you toward digestible approaches to life problems. You need not have “one big issue” that brings you to our space. In the words of my favorite band, Yo La Tengo: “Let’s be undecided, let’s take our time; and sooner or later, we will know our mind.”
(314) 866-9960 View (314) 866-9960
Photo of Cristina Marie Smugala, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Cristina Marie Smugala
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63127  (Online Only)
My passion is to empathetically guide and support transformation of traumatic experience. I will empower you to face your fears, unburden toxic shame, heal traumatic wounds and help you reclaim the courage that you know is inside of you. The ability to have love, compassion and acceptance for yourself are powerful healing forces that I strive to ignite, recover and unlock in my clients. Through EMDR and Somatic Experiencing I focus on restoring a sense of calm, centered connectedness within the brain and body. I work to inspire courage, promote healing so you can embody radical acceptance, release fear and embrace authenticity.
My passion is to empathetically guide and support transformation of traumatic experience. I will empower you to face your fears, unburden toxic shame, heal traumatic wounds and help you reclaim the courage that you know is inside of you. The ability to have love, compassion and acceptance for yourself are powerful healing forces that I strive to ignite, recover and unlock in my clients. Through EMDR and Somatic Experiencing I focus on restoring a sense of calm, centered connectedness within the brain and body. I work to inspire courage, promote healing so you can embody radical acceptance, release fear and embrace authenticity.
(314) 888-5212 x3 View (314) 888-5212 x3
Photo of Emily Lombardo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Emily Lombardo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Waitlist for new clients
Young adulthood is an exciting journey of SELF discovery- so why is it so easy to obsess about the approval of OTHERS? Whether it’s food & body image, academics, or relationships, the pressure to compete & compare is not only overwhelming, it implies personal failure when we fall short of unrealistic standards. Imagine the possibilities if we all felt empowered to embrace uncertainty & authenticity- rejoicing in the knowledge that we don’t owe anyone perfection at the expense of being ourselves.
Young adulthood is an exciting journey of SELF discovery- so why is it so easy to obsess about the approval of OTHERS? Whether it’s food & body image, academics, or relationships, the pressure to compete & compare is not only overwhelming, it implies personal failure when we fall short of unrealistic standards. Imagine the possibilities if we all felt empowered to embrace uncertainty & authenticity- rejoicing in the knowledge that we don’t owe anyone perfection at the expense of being ourselves.
(314) 671-0603 View (314) 671-0603
Photo of Lindsey Gischer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Lindsey Gischer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63109  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Since the pandemic, anxiety and depression has reached us on a global scale and everyone is in need of a connection to reduce their pain. Being aware of the mind-body-spirit connections, I guide my clients on reaching their goals as well as meeting them where they are without judgement. The majority of my clients seem to want the similar things: peace, balance, and acceptance.
Since the pandemic, anxiety and depression has reached us on a global scale and everyone is in need of a connection to reduce their pain. Being aware of the mind-body-spirit connections, I guide my clients on reaching their goals as well as meeting them where they are without judgement. The majority of my clients seem to want the similar things: peace, balance, and acceptance.
(314) 949-3383 View (314) 949-3383
Photo of Sherry Bassi, Psychologist in Saint Louis, MO
Sherry Bassi
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63146  (Online Only)
Life transitions can be hard. I help clients identify inner strengths and values so that they can experience growth after crisis, loss, or medical illness. My approach to therapy is grounded in helping clients develop confidence in managing stressors and communicating effectively in their relationships. Clients with depression or anxiety related to medical illness will gain tools to manage pain and health anxiety. Clients who are experiencing relationship stress will learn new healthy relationship patterns. Client's who want to heal after a stressful experience will learn how to increase feelings of inner strength and safety.
Life transitions can be hard. I help clients identify inner strengths and values so that they can experience growth after crisis, loss, or medical illness. My approach to therapy is grounded in helping clients develop confidence in managing stressors and communicating effectively in their relationships. Clients with depression or anxiety related to medical illness will gain tools to manage pain and health anxiety. Clients who are experiencing relationship stress will learn new healthy relationship patterns. Client's who want to heal after a stressful experience will learn how to increase feelings of inner strength and safety.
(314) 970-5652 View (314) 970-5652
Photo of Evelyn A Witten, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Evelyn A Witten
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63105
Making a decision to enter therapy is often a step taken after much thought and consideration. Evelyn's professional experience is framed by a philosophy of trust and respect in the collaborative relationship. Clients may enter treatment at a period of life that is marked by stress, strain and pain. While this may be the presenting problem, the journey of therapy allows one to develop an understanding of the strengths as well as limitations that help or hinder life at different stages. Evelyn helps clients recognize patterns of interaction in the present that may shed insight on difficult recurring issues.
Making a decision to enter therapy is often a step taken after much thought and consideration. Evelyn's professional experience is framed by a philosophy of trust and respect in the collaborative relationship. Clients may enter treatment at a period of life that is marked by stress, strain and pain. While this may be the presenting problem, the journey of therapy allows one to develop an understanding of the strengths as well as limitations that help or hinder life at different stages. Evelyn helps clients recognize patterns of interaction in the present that may shed insight on difficult recurring issues.
(314) 492-5185 View (314) 492-5185
Photo of Dr. Cherie L Swingler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Dr. Cherie L Swingler
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63101
My name is Dr. Chérie Swingler, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Missouri. I have over 12 years experience working in the arena of counseling and therapeutic services. Much of my education and work experience has been focused on issues related to careers/education, anxiety, anger management, depression, trauma, ADHD and relationship/family conflicts.
My name is Dr. Chérie Swingler, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Missouri. I have over 12 years experience working in the arena of counseling and therapeutic services. Much of my education and work experience has been focused on issues related to careers/education, anxiety, anger management, depression, trauma, ADHD and relationship/family conflicts.
(314) 916-6014 View (314) 916-6014
Photo of Integrated Change Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Integrated Change Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, EMDR, SEP-IT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63118
Waitlist for new clients
Please email all inquiries! Are you looking for a more authentic, relational experience with a counselor? Looking to deep dive into your mental health? We are a group private practice striving to provide a genuine, open, and trusting experience with in-depth therapeutic work. We work closely with my clients to achieve their goals while also encouraging them to challenge themselves to grow. We believe that healing occurs with the right support and validation, genuine connection with others, and unconditional acceptance. It's important to bring ourselves as we are to therapy with our full range of emotions (anger, sadness, and humor!)
Please email all inquiries! Are you looking for a more authentic, relational experience with a counselor? Looking to deep dive into your mental health? We are a group private practice striving to provide a genuine, open, and trusting experience with in-depth therapeutic work. We work closely with my clients to achieve their goals while also encouraging them to challenge themselves to grow. We believe that healing occurs with the right support and validation, genuine connection with others, and unconditional acceptance. It's important to bring ourselves as we are to therapy with our full range of emotions (anger, sadness, and humor!)
(314) 742-8210 View (314) 742-8210
Photo of Caycee McKinney, LPC Intern in Saint Louis, MO
Caycee McKinney
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
Have you been struggling recently and not knowing how to cope? Have you been navigating stress with life, school, relationships, and/or your sports performance? I understand what it feels like to not know what is next, to feel like there is this weight on your shoulders and chest; I want you to know you are not alone. Therapy is nothing to be ashamed of and I want to be the person to help you through this stage in your life so you can become your most authentic self.
Have you been struggling recently and not knowing how to cope? Have you been navigating stress with life, school, relationships, and/or your sports performance? I understand what it feels like to not know what is next, to feel like there is this weight on your shoulders and chest; I want you to know you are not alone. Therapy is nothing to be ashamed of and I want to be the person to help you through this stage in your life so you can become your most authentic self.
(314) 748-1497 View (314) 748-1497

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.