Therapists in Clayton, MO

Photo of Dr Robin L Turner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clayton, MO
Dr Robin L Turner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, D CSW, Psa, PsyD
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
My life's work is to help individuals understand intimately themselves through psychotherapy. To utilize the deeper levels of the self, achieve richer relationships,and an appreciation for who they are. Primary, to successful therapy is the relationship between the client and therapist. My work: Children,Adolescents and Adults. Child/Adolescents-self esteem,depression anxiety, relationship, family issues, school issues. Adults: depression, anxiety, relationship,gender issues,grief. Psychotherapist/Psychoanalyst, child, adolescent and adult and seniors. Faculty member/the St. Louis Psychoanalytic Institute(president 2010-2013), Asst. Clinical professor, Dept. of Psychiatry, St. Louis Universityjoint appt./Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital.
My life's work is to help individuals understand intimately themselves through psychotherapy. To utilize the deeper levels of the self, achieve richer relationships,and an appreciation for who they are. Primary, to successful therapy is the relationship between the client and therapist. My work: Children,Adolescents and Adults. Child/Adolescents-self esteem,depression anxiety, relationship, family issues, school issues. Adults: depression, anxiety, relationship,gender issues,grief. Psychotherapist/Psychoanalyst, child, adolescent and adult and seniors. Faculty member/the St. Louis Psychoanalytic Institute(president 2010-2013), Asst. Clinical professor, Dept. of Psychiatry, St. Louis Universityjoint appt./Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital.
(314) 696-5443 View (314) 696-5443
Photo of Patricia Shaw, Psychologist in Clayton, MO
Patricia Shaw
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
Not accepting new clients
With over two decades of experience, Dr. Patricia Shaw practices with gentle expertise in helping individuals and couples heal from the wounds of the past, appreciate and savor the present and plan for a successful future. With years of positive results in treating depression and all manner of fears and anxiety, clients have come to rely and trust Dr. Shaw's therapeutic approach. Those with eating disorders receive understanding and guidance toward health and self-acceptance.
With over two decades of experience, Dr. Patricia Shaw practices with gentle expertise in helping individuals and couples heal from the wounds of the past, appreciate and savor the present and plan for a successful future. With years of positive results in treating depression and all manner of fears and anxiety, clients have come to rely and trust Dr. Shaw's therapeutic approach. Those with eating disorders receive understanding and guidance toward health and self-acceptance.
(314) 527-1174 x21 View (314) 527-1174 x21
Photo of Justin Hampton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clayton, MO
Justin Hampton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
Need help, support, or just feeling stuck? Let's talk. Clients often report they have found me to be warm and genuine, while also being committed to offering effective, research supported treatments. While my experience has spanned across a diversity of people, various settings, and presenting issues I have a specialty and passion for working with the LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) population. My work and relationship with each client is unique and guided by their needs. I view therapy as a collaboration used to facilitate growth, change, and create a more fulfilling life.
Need help, support, or just feeling stuck? Let's talk. Clients often report they have found me to be warm and genuine, while also being committed to offering effective, research supported treatments. While my experience has spanned across a diversity of people, various settings, and presenting issues I have a specialty and passion for working with the LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) population. My work and relationship with each client is unique and guided by their needs. I view therapy as a collaboration used to facilitate growth, change, and create a more fulfilling life.
(314) 300-7973 View (314) 300-7973
Photo of Kendall Wilhite, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clayton, MO
Kendall Wilhite
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
Life can be challenging and stressful, but it doesn’t have to be done alone. I approach sessions as a place to build safety, trust, and relationship. In working from a client-centered approach, I truly believe that you are the expert in your own life. I also believe that asking for help or support is a sign of strength and feel that working together collaboratively is one step in creating positive change in your life!
Life can be challenging and stressful, but it doesn’t have to be done alone. I approach sessions as a place to build safety, trust, and relationship. In working from a client-centered approach, I truly believe that you are the expert in your own life. I also believe that asking for help or support is a sign of strength and feel that working together collaboratively is one step in creating positive change in your life!
(314) 408-5477 View (314) 408-5477
Photo of Angie Casey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clayton, MO
Angie Casey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
Welcome! I offer counseling services for children and adolescents who are struggling with emotional regulation, anxious thoughts, peer relationships, depression, school related issues, and/or self-esteem in a compassionate and safe environment. Working with kiddos is my specialty and passion! I am a former teacher with a Bachelors degree in Early Childhood Education (birth-3rd grade) and now a counselor with a Masters in Counseling.
Welcome! I offer counseling services for children and adolescents who are struggling with emotional regulation, anxious thoughts, peer relationships, depression, school related issues, and/or self-esteem in a compassionate and safe environment. Working with kiddos is my specialty and passion! I am a former teacher with a Bachelors degree in Early Childhood Education (birth-3rd grade) and now a counselor with a Masters in Counseling.
(314) 310-2995 View (314) 310-2995
Photo of Ashley Rickert, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clayton, MO
Ashley Rickert
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
I believe that all clients deserve an open, safe, and non-judgmental space where they can explore stressors and other life situations. My goal is to foster a collaborative environment where clients can feel empowered and supported in their journey to healing. I use a variety of counseling techniques but I am very person-centered. While I have a wide range of experience working with people of all ages and needs, my expertise stressed working with children, ages 5 and up, teens, adults, and families with specializations in; anxiety, bullying, behavioral issues, depression, domestic violence, relational issues, and stress.
I believe that all clients deserve an open, safe, and non-judgmental space where they can explore stressors and other life situations. My goal is to foster a collaborative environment where clients can feel empowered and supported in their journey to healing. I use a variety of counseling techniques but I am very person-centered. While I have a wide range of experience working with people of all ages and needs, my expertise stressed working with children, ages 5 and up, teens, adults, and families with specializations in; anxiety, bullying, behavioral issues, depression, domestic violence, relational issues, and stress.
(314) 274-6453 View (314) 274-6453
Photo of Marisa Gelfand, Counselor in Clayton, MO
Marisa Gelfand
Counselor, LPC, MEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
I partner with people who are struggling and want to become happier and healthier versions of themselves. More specifically, many of my patients are seeking help related to an eating disorder, body image concerns, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or a lack of confidence.
I partner with people who are struggling and want to become happier and healthier versions of themselves. More specifically, many of my patients are seeking help related to an eating disorder, body image concerns, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or a lack of confidence.
(314) 804-0460 View (314) 804-0460
Photo of Nadia Raza, Pre-Licensed Professional in Clayton, MO
Nadia Raza
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
I take a person-centered approach where I provide an open and compassionate space for all. I believe that counseling is a collaborative process, so I hope to involve individuals in their goals and personal growth. In addition, I will outline approaches and strategies we can implement in session. I hope to provide individuals with the tools to overcome life difficulties with greater ease and self-awareness. I like to celebrate growth, regardless of whether they are big or small wins!
I take a person-centered approach where I provide an open and compassionate space for all. I believe that counseling is a collaborative process, so I hope to involve individuals in their goals and personal growth. In addition, I will outline approaches and strategies we can implement in session. I hope to provide individuals with the tools to overcome life difficulties with greater ease and self-awareness. I like to celebrate growth, regardless of whether they are big or small wins!
(314) 948-5501 View (314) 948-5501
Photo of Wellness Alliance Counseling & Psychotherapy, Psychologist in Clayton, MO
Wellness Alliance Counseling & Psychotherapy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
At Wellness Alliance Counseling & Psychotherapy, we specialize in brief and long-term therapy for children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. We believe everyone possess within themselves the potential for transformation, growth, and healing, and have experience helping clients address a variety of concerns: anxiety, depression, family of origin issues, identity development, LGBTQ+ issues, healthy relationships, career concerns, women's issues, eating and body image concerns, substance use, trauma, and living with chronic illness.
At Wellness Alliance Counseling & Psychotherapy, we specialize in brief and long-term therapy for children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. We believe everyone possess within themselves the potential for transformation, growth, and healing, and have experience helping clients address a variety of concerns: anxiety, depression, family of origin issues, identity development, LGBTQ+ issues, healthy relationships, career concerns, women's issues, eating and body image concerns, substance use, trauma, and living with chronic illness.
(314) 310-8020 View (314) 310-8020
Photo of Empowered Movement, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clayton, MO
Empowered Movement
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105  (Online Only)
Life is beautiful but often/sometimes challenging. Some days we feel confident and happy while other days we may feel alone or overwhelmed. The clients I work with are seeking new tools, skills, techniques and interventions to help them feel better, more in control and empowered on a daily basis. I work with adolescents, young adults, adults and elders experiencing life transitions, anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, low self-esteem and more. Everyone deserves to have a safe space, with unconditional support that allows them to be authentically themselves, always.
Life is beautiful but often/sometimes challenging. Some days we feel confident and happy while other days we may feel alone or overwhelmed. The clients I work with are seeking new tools, skills, techniques and interventions to help them feel better, more in control and empowered on a daily basis. I work with adolescents, young adults, adults and elders experiencing life transitions, anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, low self-esteem and more. Everyone deserves to have a safe space, with unconditional support that allows them to be authentically themselves, always.
(314) 701-8184 View (314) 701-8184
Photo of Madeleine Rouse, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clayton, MO
Madeleine Rouse
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
You're feeling stuck, no matter what you do. Maybe you know something in your life needs to change, but you don't know what or where to even start. Maybe you've had some difficult relationships and you want to learn to create healthier connections, especially with yourself. Or maybe you've found yourself crying over laundry and you're curious about executive dysfunction or ADHD, but you're worried you won't be taken seriously by a professional because you learned about them on Tiktok.
You're feeling stuck, no matter what you do. Maybe you know something in your life needs to change, but you don't know what or where to even start. Maybe you've had some difficult relationships and you want to learn to create healthier connections, especially with yourself. Or maybe you've found yourself crying over laundry and you're curious about executive dysfunction or ADHD, but you're worried you won't be taken seriously by a professional because you learned about them on Tiktok.
(314) 470-8456 x4 View (314) 470-8456 x4
Photo of Jason Duchinsky, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clayton, MO
Jason Duchinsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
It is my belief that as many paths to wholeness exist as were, are, or will be, people on this planet. Walking our individual paths in pursuit of meaning and purpose is a universal goal. Sometimes life presents us with vexing challenges just when we are determined to accomplish personally and or collectively valuable goals. Or our growth is impeded by painful events that happen to us during the course of living. The path & or goal becomes unclear. And so, my role in the therapeutic process is akin to a guide. Recommending, encouraging, questioning, witnessing you seek to find the best possible expression of your unique wholeness.
It is my belief that as many paths to wholeness exist as were, are, or will be, people on this planet. Walking our individual paths in pursuit of meaning and purpose is a universal goal. Sometimes life presents us with vexing challenges just when we are determined to accomplish personally and or collectively valuable goals. Or our growth is impeded by painful events that happen to us during the course of living. The path & or goal becomes unclear. And so, my role in the therapeutic process is akin to a guide. Recommending, encouraging, questioning, witnessing you seek to find the best possible expression of your unique wholeness.
(314) 310-2808 View (314) 310-2808
Photo of Mark Thomas Schillinger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clayton, MO
Mark Thomas Schillinger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
Do you get caught in a rollercoaster of thoughts about what you “should” be doing with your life? Do you need help meeting deadlines for work projects? When your alarm blares in the morning, do you grumble, put your head under the covers, and wish you could sleep all day? If so, you are not alone. Life is increasingly more complicated, which makes it difficult to complete everyday tasks, not to mention trying to achieve your more aspirational goals. Therapy is a safe, non-judgmental space to be open about your past and present challenges. Therapy is about being willing to take action to create positive changes in your life.
Do you get caught in a rollercoaster of thoughts about what you “should” be doing with your life? Do you need help meeting deadlines for work projects? When your alarm blares in the morning, do you grumble, put your head under the covers, and wish you could sleep all day? If so, you are not alone. Life is increasingly more complicated, which makes it difficult to complete everyday tasks, not to mention trying to achieve your more aspirational goals. Therapy is a safe, non-judgmental space to be open about your past and present challenges. Therapy is about being willing to take action to create positive changes in your life.
(314) 794-7342 x709 View (314) 794-7342 x709
Photo of Laura Weinstock, Psychologist in Clayton, MO
Laura Weinstock
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
As a clinical psychologist working with adults, adolescents, and children, I use a variety of empirically supported treatment approaches, including cognitive behavioral therapy. The treatment I provide is tailored to meet the unique individual needs of each client or family. Together, we will set specific goals at the beginning of treatment that will guide the process of change. I strive to develop a warm, supportive therapeutic relationship with each client that will facilitate making positive changes. Services are provided in an environment that is caring and professional.
As a clinical psychologist working with adults, adolescents, and children, I use a variety of empirically supported treatment approaches, including cognitive behavioral therapy. The treatment I provide is tailored to meet the unique individual needs of each client or family. Together, we will set specific goals at the beginning of treatment that will guide the process of change. I strive to develop a warm, supportive therapeutic relationship with each client that will facilitate making positive changes. Services are provided in an environment that is caring and professional.
(314) 200-0315 View (314) 200-0315
Photo of Ben Koenig, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clayton, MO
Ben Koenig
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
Life’s challenges often feel overwhelming. Whether these challenges are encountered in pursuit of a healthier lifestyle, in trying to connect with your dearest loved ones, or in coping with a variety of big and small setbacks, there exists a pathway to success and happiness within you that is yet untapped. With all of the outside pressures coming from our school/job, family, romantic and friend relationships it can be difficult to establish our own needs. Let me help you build a healthy relationship with yourself by unraveling those things that tie you down and re-creating a life of intention and connection.
Life’s challenges often feel overwhelming. Whether these challenges are encountered in pursuit of a healthier lifestyle, in trying to connect with your dearest loved ones, or in coping with a variety of big and small setbacks, there exists a pathway to success and happiness within you that is yet untapped. With all of the outside pressures coming from our school/job, family, romantic and friend relationships it can be difficult to establish our own needs. Let me help you build a healthy relationship with yourself by unraveling those things that tie you down and re-creating a life of intention and connection.
(314) 866-8212 View (314) 866-8212
Photo of Chelsea Crofford, Pre-Licensed Professional in Clayton, MO
Chelsea Crofford
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
Are you looking for a safe place to disclose your struggles that no one else seems to understand? I can provide a safe place and help navigate difficulties blocking you from becoming your best version of yourself. I have experience working in an inpatient behavioral health setting. I have worked with adults suffering from addiction to adolescents suffering with suicidal ideations. I have worked with depression, anxiety, and building self-esteem. I believe that each individual is unique, and we will find unique approaches to help walk through different phases of life.
Are you looking for a safe place to disclose your struggles that no one else seems to understand? I can provide a safe place and help navigate difficulties blocking you from becoming your best version of yourself. I have experience working in an inpatient behavioral health setting. I have worked with adults suffering from addiction to adolescents suffering with suicidal ideations. I have worked with depression, anxiety, and building self-esteem. I believe that each individual is unique, and we will find unique approaches to help walk through different phases of life.
(314) 675-7512 View (314) 675-7512
Photo of Shayna Elaine Warner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clayton, MO
Shayna Elaine Warner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
The act of seeking support takes tremendous courage and is a powerful way to take care of yourself. I approach the therapeutic process with this in mind. Over the course of my career working with Individuals, Families, and Communities, I have gained expertise and enjoyment collaborating with people as they navigate and struggle through life's challenges. I believe that healing becomes more accessible when we are not alone in our suffering.
The act of seeking support takes tremendous courage and is a powerful way to take care of yourself. I approach the therapeutic process with this in mind. Over the course of my career working with Individuals, Families, and Communities, I have gained expertise and enjoyment collaborating with people as they navigate and struggle through life's challenges. I believe that healing becomes more accessible when we are not alone in our suffering.
(314) 937-6019 x719 View (314) 937-6019 x719
Photo of Dr. Lori Becker, Psychologist in Clayton, MO
Dr. Lori Becker
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, specializing in psychotherapy and diagnostic assessment. I am committed to providing ethical care in a safe and trusting environment. I work with clients to help them build the skills they need to improve their lives and relationships, so they can live a rewarding life that is balanced, fulfilling, and consistent with their values. My focus in therapy is to help clients examine what may be contributing to their current distress and help them to find meaning, purpose, and growth.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, specializing in psychotherapy and diagnostic assessment. I am committed to providing ethical care in a safe and trusting environment. I work with clients to help them build the skills they need to improve their lives and relationships, so they can live a rewarding life that is balanced, fulfilling, and consistent with their values. My focus in therapy is to help clients examine what may be contributing to their current distress and help them to find meaning, purpose, and growth.
(314) 736-3910 View (314) 736-3910
Photo of Shelby Arsenault, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clayton, MO
Shelby Arsenault
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105  (Online Only)
Life has a lot of challenges. I want to help you work through your struggles and find more hope. I offer a safe and supportive environment where together we can process your feelings and frustrations. I think in order to create real, lasting change that you not only have to challenge your thoughts and behaviors, but also address the underlying feelings and emotions that contribute to them. If you are tired of feeling stuck I will work with you to identify and change your unhealthy patterns so that you can move forward.
Life has a lot of challenges. I want to help you work through your struggles and find more hope. I offer a safe and supportive environment where together we can process your feelings and frustrations. I think in order to create real, lasting change that you not only have to challenge your thoughts and behaviors, but also address the underlying feelings and emotions that contribute to them. If you are tired of feeling stuck I will work with you to identify and change your unhealthy patterns so that you can move forward.
(314) 936-2124 View (314) 936-2124
Photo of Erika M. Ottolini, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clayton, MO
Erika M. Ottolini
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
Whether you are a teen struggling with friendships and social media, a young person about to graduate from college and fraught with anxiety about your next transition, the parent of a young person wondering how best to help them grow or someone looking for change and not sure where to start, know that there is help available in a compassionate and understanding space. At Artemis Counseling, our goal is to empower teens, parents and families who often come to us during a time of transition, to move through life’s transitions and soar.
Whether you are a teen struggling with friendships and social media, a young person about to graduate from college and fraught with anxiety about your next transition, the parent of a young person wondering how best to help them grow or someone looking for change and not sure where to start, know that there is help available in a compassionate and understanding space. At Artemis Counseling, our goal is to empower teens, parents and families who often come to us during a time of transition, to move through life’s transitions and soar.
(314) 732-4507 View (314) 732-4507

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Clayton, MO

200+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Clayton, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
66% Grief
65% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
66% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Clayton, MO see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Clayton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.