Therapists in Cambridge, MA

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Photo of Shelby Ortega, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Shelby Ortega
Psychologist, PhD, HSP
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Not accepting new clients
Choosing to go to therapy is both a courageous and meaningful step in someone's life. In my experience, some clients enter treatment having a sense of what is troubling them and have made great efforts to resolve these difficulties, and yet these painful feelings persist. And other times, clients are only aware of the hurt they are feeling and are looking for ways to identify it's source and alleviate their discomfort. I have found that the therapeutic relationship can be helpful in both circumstances and seek to provide an approach that is best characterized by warmth, flexibility, openness, active engagement, and sensitivity.
Choosing to go to therapy is both a courageous and meaningful step in someone's life. In my experience, some clients enter treatment having a sense of what is troubling them and have made great efforts to resolve these difficulties, and yet these painful feelings persist. And other times, clients are only aware of the hurt they are feeling and are looking for ways to identify it's source and alleviate their discomfort. I have found that the therapeutic relationship can be helpful in both circumstances and seek to provide an approach that is best characterized by warmth, flexibility, openness, active engagement, and sensitivity.
(617) 500-0298 View (617) 500-0298
Photo of Anna Banks Counseling LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Anna Banks Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Have you ever wondered if you could live a fuller, happier life? Whether you are "too far gone" or "too messed up" to ever be okay? I’ve wondered that. In my journey, I've discovered that it's possible to struggle deeply, then rise higher than seems plausible. I've also found healing and wholeness is impossible without support from others. Now I have a passion to provide the care I've experienced to each of my clients. The support you need won't be the same as what I’ve needed. Because your story is not mine. But if you’re looking for someone who has walked a long road to wellness, consider reaching out!
Have you ever wondered if you could live a fuller, happier life? Whether you are "too far gone" or "too messed up" to ever be okay? I’ve wondered that. In my journey, I've discovered that it's possible to struggle deeply, then rise higher than seems plausible. I've also found healing and wholeness is impossible without support from others. Now I have a passion to provide the care I've experienced to each of my clients. The support you need won't be the same as what I’ve needed. Because your story is not mine. But if you’re looking for someone who has walked a long road to wellness, consider reaching out!
(617) 546-7500 View (617) 546-7500
Richard Greene
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Why are you looking for a therapist? People usually seek therapy because they feel hurt, dissatisfied or unhappy in their lives. And they generally feel most comfortable with a therapist who is relaxed, accepting, non-judgmental on one hand and experienced, knowledgeable and confident on the other. During my twenty seven years of private practice, I have sought to embody these principles.
Why are you looking for a therapist? People usually seek therapy because they feel hurt, dissatisfied or unhappy in their lives. And they generally feel most comfortable with a therapist who is relaxed, accepting, non-judgmental on one hand and experienced, knowledgeable and confident on the other. During my twenty seven years of private practice, I have sought to embody these principles.
(617) 682-9098 View (617) 682-9098
Photo of Susan Davis MA LMHC, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Susan Davis MA LMHC
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Practicing counseling for over twenty five years has allowed me to develop the skills that result in efficient and permanent change for my clients. Every person is seen as a unique individual, thus solutions for each person will be the optimal ones for their individual situation. Clarity, comfort and the ability to lead a healthy productive life is the heart of my practice. I am compassionate, honest and sensitive to varying needs. Please feel free to talk with me regarding your concerns. I am confident we have the ability and resources to make the changes you desire.
Practicing counseling for over twenty five years has allowed me to develop the skills that result in efficient and permanent change for my clients. Every person is seen as a unique individual, thus solutions for each person will be the optimal ones for their individual situation. Clarity, comfort and the ability to lead a healthy productive life is the heart of my practice. I am compassionate, honest and sensitive to varying needs. Please feel free to talk with me regarding your concerns. I am confident we have the ability and resources to make the changes you desire.
(617) 934-8428 View (617) 934-8428
Photo of Janelle Patrick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Janelle Patrick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141
I'm not sure I believe in an Ideal client; I think all clients are Ideal, no matter their life circumstances. Life is like a rollercoaster, and when you're going down, you may need someone to be there and help talk you through it. However, If I had to choose, it would be a client having difficulty with self-esteem, self-worth, and depressive symptoms and needing additional assistance building coping skills but expressing readiness to change.
I'm not sure I believe in an Ideal client; I think all clients are Ideal, no matter their life circumstances. Life is like a rollercoaster, and when you're going down, you may need someone to be there and help talk you through it. However, If I had to choose, it would be a client having difficulty with self-esteem, self-worth, and depressive symptoms and needing additional assistance building coping skills but expressing readiness to change.
(339) 329-9619 View (339) 329-9619
Photo of Jill Forney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Jill Forney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Not accepting new clients
My work with clients is deeply informed by a central belief: when in connection — to self, values, a sense of purpose, body, community, agency, and choice — we are most ourselves, most alive, and most well. A feeling of disconnection, in my experience, often sits somewhere close to the heart of what motivates many people to seek therapy. My clients are often ready to risk something new in the service of growth, with or without a clear sense of what they want or exactly where they are going. We will together identify patterns of thinking, acting, and feeling that no longer serve and try to shift them in a direction that does.
My work with clients is deeply informed by a central belief: when in connection — to self, values, a sense of purpose, body, community, agency, and choice — we are most ourselves, most alive, and most well. A feeling of disconnection, in my experience, often sits somewhere close to the heart of what motivates many people to seek therapy. My clients are often ready to risk something new in the service of growth, with or without a clear sense of what they want or exactly where they are going. We will together identify patterns of thinking, acting, and feeling that no longer serve and try to shift them in a direction that does.
(617) 606-3495 View (617) 606-3495
Photo of Sera M Miller, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Sera M Miller
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling to make a decision? Indecision is one of many common concerns I can help people with. I see people with relationship concerns, career concerns, self-esteem/self-confidence concerns, stress and worry, sadness, and loss and grief. I can help with challenging life transitions and increase self-knowledge and insight. I am told that I am "approachable" and "practical".
Are you struggling to make a decision? Indecision is one of many common concerns I can help people with. I see people with relationship concerns, career concerns, self-esteem/self-confidence concerns, stress and worry, sadness, and loss and grief. I can help with challenging life transitions and increase self-knowledge and insight. I am told that I am "approachable" and "practical".
(617) 913-8065 View (617) 913-8065
Photo of Lisa Citrin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Lisa Citrin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Please note that I am able to provide virtual, HIPAA compliant, live video sessions via zoom as well as phone sessions. Please reach out to see how I can support you as we all adjust to this new way of living. Knowing how or even where to begin the process of self-reflection and growth can feel daunting. A feeling of safety and active engagement are an essential foundation. I believe that feeling seen, heard, and known can open up a space to develop and effect necessary changes in your life. Deep work, exploration, and drawing connections can lead to new ways of thinking, changed feelings, and being able to exist more freely.
Please note that I am able to provide virtual, HIPAA compliant, live video sessions via zoom as well as phone sessions. Please reach out to see how I can support you as we all adjust to this new way of living. Knowing how or even where to begin the process of self-reflection and growth can feel daunting. A feeling of safety and active engagement are an essential foundation. I believe that feeling seen, heard, and known can open up a space to develop and effect necessary changes in your life. Deep work, exploration, and drawing connections can lead to new ways of thinking, changed feelings, and being able to exist more freely.
(857) 342-2965 View (857) 342-2965
Photo of Grace Dwyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Grace Dwyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Grace Dwyer is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in the state of Massachusetts. She has 5 years of experience working with children, families, and adults who are seeking support for depression, anxiety, behavioral difficulties, life transitions, and parenting difficulties. Grace completed her Bachelor of Arts in Social Services from Quinnipiac University and received her Master’s of Social Work from Boston College School of Social Work.
Grace Dwyer is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in the state of Massachusetts. She has 5 years of experience working with children, families, and adults who are seeking support for depression, anxiety, behavioral difficulties, life transitions, and parenting difficulties. Grace completed her Bachelor of Arts in Social Services from Quinnipiac University and received her Master’s of Social Work from Boston College School of Social Work.
(617) 798-9768 View (617) 798-9768
Photo of Dr. Gabrielle Roy, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Dr. Gabrielle Roy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Many of the clients I work with are looking for a space to process symptoms related to anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and body image/eating concerns. I work to help my clients identify what may have happened in their past that has impacted the way they feel today, and to build skills to live a more fulfilling life now. I acknowledge that therapy is an incredibly vulnerable experience, and work at the pace my clients feel most comfortable at. It is not uncommon for laughter to find it's way into my sessions, and I am able to find a unique balance between warmth and challenging to best assist you.
Many of the clients I work with are looking for a space to process symptoms related to anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and body image/eating concerns. I work to help my clients identify what may have happened in their past that has impacted the way they feel today, and to build skills to live a more fulfilling life now. I acknowledge that therapy is an incredibly vulnerable experience, and work at the pace my clients feel most comfortable at. It is not uncommon for laughter to find it's way into my sessions, and I am able to find a unique balance between warmth and challenging to best assist you.
(781) 242-5828 View (781) 242-5828
Photo of Rikki Provda, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Rikki Provda
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141
I enjoy working with people who are struggling with substance use, whether they are just beginning to question their use and habits or they have experienced chronic relapse and feel hopeless. I believe part of that process is ensuring they are informed of options available and helping them discover their “why.” I have experience supporting people in identifying their strengths, finding coping skills, and creating measurable, attainable goals. I am skilled at navigating treatment systems/levels of care in Massachusetts. I have experience with medical detoxification protocols and can discuss options for medication-supported treatment.
I enjoy working with people who are struggling with substance use, whether they are just beginning to question their use and habits or they have experienced chronic relapse and feel hopeless. I believe part of that process is ensuring they are informed of options available and helping them discover their “why.” I have experience supporting people in identifying their strengths, finding coping skills, and creating measurable, attainable goals. I am skilled at navigating treatment systems/levels of care in Massachusetts. I have experience with medical detoxification protocols and can discuss options for medication-supported treatment.
(857) 420-6651 View (857) 420-6651
Photo of Anna Cardoso, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Anna Cardoso
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02142  (Online Only)
Hi there! My name Anna Cardoso and I am here to help you on your journey. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), Yoga & Meditation Teacher, Holistic Coach, and a Reiki Master. I truly believe we all have the power to heal ourselves and it is my mission to share with you alternative methods to help you on your path. I like to think of it as finding your way back home to yourself and I am here to help you remember how. I fell in love with yoga and energy work in search for healing for my chronic pain and past trauma. Healing comes from the inside out and we first have to begin with ourselves.
Hi there! My name Anna Cardoso and I am here to help you on your journey. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), Yoga & Meditation Teacher, Holistic Coach, and a Reiki Master. I truly believe we all have the power to heal ourselves and it is my mission to share with you alternative methods to help you on your path. I like to think of it as finding your way back home to yourself and I am here to help you remember how. I fell in love with yoga and energy work in search for healing for my chronic pain and past trauma. Healing comes from the inside out and we first have to begin with ourselves.
(617) 829-9252 View (617) 829-9252
Photo of Christina Go, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Christina Go
Psychologist, EdM, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
You are welcome to call me directly for a free 15 min. phone consultation. From there, you'll learn more about my working style and can ask any questions you may have. My office is conveniently located in Harvard Square near the Harvard T stop and the 77 Bus route. There are lots of metered parking spaces nearby. I also do teletherapy.
You are welcome to call me directly for a free 15 min. phone consultation. From there, you'll learn more about my working style and can ask any questions you may have. My office is conveniently located in Harvard Square near the Harvard T stop and the 77 Bus route. There are lots of metered parking spaces nearby. I also do teletherapy.
(857) 320-4107 View (857) 320-4107
Photo of Kara E Harlow, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Kara E Harlow
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
With all the obstacles life presents it is often easy to feel stuck. Unfortunately, the process of getting "unstuck" is not always as simple. That's when additional support is needed. With a genuine, empathic and down to earth style of therapy we can work towards your goals of feeling happier, healthier and more empowered. Together we will explore patterns and choices that contribute to your accomplishments and struggles. We will work towards self-awareness while remaining solution-focused, and will use the strengths you already possess to build more skills for managing the challenges that life brings.
With all the obstacles life presents it is often easy to feel stuck. Unfortunately, the process of getting "unstuck" is not always as simple. That's when additional support is needed. With a genuine, empathic and down to earth style of therapy we can work towards your goals of feeling happier, healthier and more empowered. Together we will explore patterns and choices that contribute to your accomplishments and struggles. We will work towards self-awareness while remaining solution-focused, and will use the strengths you already possess to build more skills for managing the challenges that life brings.
(617) 606-9461 View (617) 606-9461
Photo of Georgianna C. Collins, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Georgianna C. Collins
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Not accepting new clients
A good therapeutic relationship provides the foundation for exploration and discovery. We will work together to change the limiting befiefs, feelings and behaviors so that you can experience real choice in your life. I am committed to helping people relate to themselves and others with curiosity, compassion and authenticity.
A good therapeutic relationship provides the foundation for exploration and discovery. We will work together to change the limiting befiefs, feelings and behaviors so that you can experience real choice in your life. I am committed to helping people relate to themselves and others with curiosity, compassion and authenticity.
(857) 574-0959 View (857) 574-0959
Photo of Lashanta Petroski-Ackley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Lashanta Petroski-Ackley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Not accepting new clients
Therapy should be tailored to address the specific needs of each client. Having trained in a variety of practices and methods, I work together with my clients, to determine which approach works best for them to address their ADHD, anxiety, depression or relationship challenges. I work with adults & couples of all ages, including college-aged and older adults. I specialize in treating mood and anxiety disorders, major life transitions (e.g., career, college), relational /familial concerns and trauma /PTSD. I also have specialized training in working with Couples, and individuals struggling with anger management issues.
Therapy should be tailored to address the specific needs of each client. Having trained in a variety of practices and methods, I work together with my clients, to determine which approach works best for them to address their ADHD, anxiety, depression or relationship challenges. I work with adults & couples of all ages, including college-aged and older adults. I specialize in treating mood and anxiety disorders, major life transitions (e.g., career, college), relational /familial concerns and trauma /PTSD. I also have specialized training in working with Couples, and individuals struggling with anger management issues.
(508) 593-4096 x6675 View (508) 593-4096 x6675
Photo of Avital Lewis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Avital Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
When life changes happen unexpectedly, it can be hard to reach out for support. It's important to me to be a safe space for those experiencing any range of life shifts, including: personal and relational roadblocks, sexuality issues, life transitions, trauma and grief and loss. I strive to meet my clients where they are, and adapt to their individual needs and framework. I work from a person-centered/ trauma-informed lens, and use strengths-based perspective, mindfulness, and humanistic therapies. I hope to work together to create new patterns of thinking to guide you towards the personal, and professional goals you wish to achieve.
When life changes happen unexpectedly, it can be hard to reach out for support. It's important to me to be a safe space for those experiencing any range of life shifts, including: personal and relational roadblocks, sexuality issues, life transitions, trauma and grief and loss. I strive to meet my clients where they are, and adapt to their individual needs and framework. I work from a person-centered/ trauma-informed lens, and use strengths-based perspective, mindfulness, and humanistic therapies. I hope to work together to create new patterns of thinking to guide you towards the personal, and professional goals you wish to achieve.
(857) 367-0660 View (857) 367-0660
Photo of Patty Emberley in Cambridge, MA
Patty Emberley
MA, LMHC-MA, LMFT-MI, LPC-OR, LMFT-CA
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling that a relationship or your life is not going the way you want? You may have a clear awareness of why this is or you may not. Are you having difficulty with someone you work with? Do you have a teenager or preteen child you're concerned about or frustrated with? Are you at a turning point in your life and unsure about how to progress or fearful of making the changes? Over 15 years Patty has worked with people to help them make the changes that they are wanting, to have the life that they desire.
Are you feeling that a relationship or your life is not going the way you want? You may have a clear awareness of why this is or you may not. Are you having difficulty with someone you work with? Do you have a teenager or preteen child you're concerned about or frustrated with? Are you at a turning point in your life and unsure about how to progress or fearful of making the changes? Over 15 years Patty has worked with people to help them make the changes that they are wanting, to have the life that they desire.
(248) 880-8041 View (248) 880-8041
Photo of Christina Supelana, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Christina Supelana
Psychologist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I help those who struggle with self-acceptance and life purpose. Societal messaging tells us that if we achieve more, give more, and adapt more, we will feel fulfilled and accepted by others. Instead, we can find ourselves trapped in careers and relationships that leave us feeling stressed out and alone. I believe that therapy provides a unique space for people to explore freely who they are, outside of others’ demands or expectations. In this space, people can question, challenge, and re-structure ways of thinking and being and identify their own needs and desires.
I help those who struggle with self-acceptance and life purpose. Societal messaging tells us that if we achieve more, give more, and adapt more, we will feel fulfilled and accepted by others. Instead, we can find ourselves trapped in careers and relationships that leave us feeling stressed out and alone. I believe that therapy provides a unique space for people to explore freely who they are, outside of others’ demands or expectations. In this space, people can question, challenge, and re-structure ways of thinking and being and identify their own needs and desires.
(617) 231-9491 View (617) 231-9491
Photo of Mimi Yasgur, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Mimi Yasgur
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
Not accepting new clients
I see therapy as an opportunity to discover your own resilience and inner ability to heal and grow. It is my goal to give you therapeutic tools and coping skills to empower yourself with your unique strengths in your life journey. I hold space for you to engage with your mental health in an integrative way in line with your values, and I invite exploration of existential or spiritual themes in therapy. I enjoy working with adults, older adults, LGBTQIA+, and individuals with disabilities. I embrace clients of all races, cultures, and ethnicities, and I welcome the opportunity to work clients from different backgrounds.
I see therapy as an opportunity to discover your own resilience and inner ability to heal and grow. It is my goal to give you therapeutic tools and coping skills to empower yourself with your unique strengths in your life journey. I hold space for you to engage with your mental health in an integrative way in line with your values, and I invite exploration of existential or spiritual themes in therapy. I enjoy working with adults, older adults, LGBTQIA+, and individuals with disabilities. I embrace clients of all races, cultures, and ethnicities, and I welcome the opportunity to work clients from different backgrounds.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cambridge, MA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Cambridge, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
49% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Cambridge, MA see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cambridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.