Therapists in Miami, FL

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Photo of Nicole Rojas, Psychologist in Miami, FL
Nicole Rojas
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Miami, FL 33137
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with experience working with children, adolescents, and adults with a variety of emotional and behavioral issues as well as histories of trauma and personality disorders. I have a nurturing yet directive style that helps individuals to feel at ease as they embark on their journey of exploring and understanding their unique experiences. I work collaboratively with my clients to identify their goals to aid them in building a life worth living. I believe that therapy can enrich people's lives and relationships. I have seen clients overcome challenges and dramatically improve their lives.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with experience working with children, adolescents, and adults with a variety of emotional and behavioral issues as well as histories of trauma and personality disorders. I have a nurturing yet directive style that helps individuals to feel at ease as they embark on their journey of exploring and understanding their unique experiences. I work collaboratively with my clients to identify their goals to aid them in building a life worth living. I believe that therapy can enrich people's lives and relationships. I have seen clients overcome challenges and dramatically improve their lives.
(786) 886-1138 View (786) 886-1138
Photo of Belle Valladares, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern in Miami, FL
Belle Valladares
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, RMHCI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miami, FL 33145
I'm Belle Valladares, a Registered Mental Health Intern providing both in-person and telehealth services in the Miami area. My expertise lies in addressing issues related to motherhood, depression, motivation and goal-setting, relationship challenges, intimacy, and divorce. Clients often experience manifestations such as anxiety, fear, and a lack of self-awareness. I employ therapeutic methods like mindfulness, CBT, psychoanalysis, Gestalt, and Narrative techniques to tailor my approach and help individuals navigate these challenges, guiding them towards a more balanced and fulfilled life.
I'm Belle Valladares, a Registered Mental Health Intern providing both in-person and telehealth services in the Miami area. My expertise lies in addressing issues related to motherhood, depression, motivation and goal-setting, relationship challenges, intimacy, and divorce. Clients often experience manifestations such as anxiety, fear, and a lack of self-awareness. I employ therapeutic methods like mindfulness, CBT, psychoanalysis, Gestalt, and Narrative techniques to tailor my approach and help individuals navigate these challenges, guiding them towards a more balanced and fulfilled life.
(786) 882-8563 View (786) 882-8563
Photo of Eileen A Obrien Phelps, Counselor in Miami, FL
Eileen A Obrien Phelps
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Miami, FL 33130  (Online Only)
hello! Am a licensed mental health counselor in the state of Florida. I received my Master's degree from the University of Maryland system Bowie State University School of Adlerian Psychology with an emphasis in family therapy. Following my family therapy training, I began to work in the domestic violence and trauma areas of mental health and have been working with survivors of trauma for the past 28 years.
hello! Am a licensed mental health counselor in the state of Florida. I received my Master's degree from the University of Maryland system Bowie State University School of Adlerian Psychology with an emphasis in family therapy. Following my family therapy training, I began to work in the domestic violence and trauma areas of mental health and have been working with survivors of trauma for the past 28 years.
(786) 305-3549 View (786) 305-3549
Photo of Priscilla Cerdas, Counselor in Miami, FL
Priscilla Cerdas
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Miami, FL 33131  (Online Only)
My name is Priscilla (pronouns she/her/hers/ella). I am a first generation Latina American from Costa Rica. I am fluent in English and Spanish. I attended Lesley University for Clinical Mental Health Counseling with a specialization in Dance/Movement Therapy. Currently, I teach at Lesley University as an adjunct professor for the expressive therapies graduate program. I honor the client’s whole self in treatment, paralleling the nonverbal, holistic approach of Dance/movement therapy.
My name is Priscilla (pronouns she/her/hers/ella). I am a first generation Latina American from Costa Rica. I am fluent in English and Spanish. I attended Lesley University for Clinical Mental Health Counseling with a specialization in Dance/Movement Therapy. Currently, I teach at Lesley University as an adjunct professor for the expressive therapies graduate program. I honor the client’s whole self in treatment, paralleling the nonverbal, holistic approach of Dance/movement therapy.
(786) 977-2202 View (786) 977-2202
Photo of Deborah Tome, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Miami, FL
Deborah Tome
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Miami, FL 33186
I am a laid-back therapist. I have over 40 years of experience in this profession and have learned a variety of approaches and techniques. My top modalities are Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Eclectic, Family Systems, Dialectical (DBT), Family / Marital, Interpersonal, Mindfulness, Trauma Therapy, and Couples Therapy. My specialties are Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Coping Skills, Trauma, and PTSD. I believe our relationship is a partnership, with both of us working as a team to provide you with success!
I am a laid-back therapist. I have over 40 years of experience in this profession and have learned a variety of approaches and techniques. My top modalities are Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Eclectic, Family Systems, Dialectical (DBT), Family / Marital, Interpersonal, Mindfulness, Trauma Therapy, and Couples Therapy. My specialties are Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Coping Skills, Trauma, and PTSD. I believe our relationship is a partnership, with both of us working as a team to provide you with success!
(813) 796-7584 View (813) 796-7584
Photo of Katherine Hernandez, Counselor in Miami, FL
Katherine Hernandez
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Miami, FL 33170  (Online Only)
Life has so many ups and downs. It can be a relief to know that you have a safe, compassionate space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences without judgment. I enjoy working on dating and relationship issues with individuals or couples. I also tend to work with clients who struggle with anxiety and day to day stress. Many of my specializations are related to challenges I have experienced myself. This has fueled my passion for helping others who are going through similar struggles, and allows me to provide a unique perspective and a deep understanding of what you may be going through.
Life has so many ups and downs. It can be a relief to know that you have a safe, compassionate space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences without judgment. I enjoy working on dating and relationship issues with individuals or couples. I also tend to work with clients who struggle with anxiety and day to day stress. Many of my specializations are related to challenges I have experienced myself. This has fueled my passion for helping others who are going through similar struggles, and allows me to provide a unique perspective and a deep understanding of what you may be going through.
(786) 572-1877 View (786) 572-1877
Photo of Uberto L Mondolfi, Counselor in Miami, FL
Uberto L Mondolfi
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, MCAP, NCC, NCGC-II
Verified Verified
Miami, FL 33133
We might feel overwhelmed by nervousness or depressed. Maybe we are having a difficult time in our marriage, relationship or work. Maybe we are having issues with our kids. Or maybe we feel stuck and we have not found a way to move forward. We are experiencing issues that cannot be treated with classical medicine. What can we do? Psychotherapy and counseling are more than a place to vent. Based on clinical interventions and theories, psychotherapy helps people improve their lives.
We might feel overwhelmed by nervousness or depressed. Maybe we are having a difficult time in our marriage, relationship or work. Maybe we are having issues with our kids. Or maybe we feel stuck and we have not found a way to move forward. We are experiencing issues that cannot be treated with classical medicine. What can we do? Psychotherapy and counseling are more than a place to vent. Based on clinical interventions and theories, psychotherapy helps people improve their lives.
(305) 824-2838 View (305) 824-2838
Antian Mental Health Center Llc Diego Leon
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Miami, FL 33186
Many of us are conditioned to believe that we must stuff our pain deep inside and move on. Not only can this be deeply harmful to our psyche, our bodies also hold trauma & pain in such a way that can impact our health at large. There is a common misconception that seeking help, in this case going to therapy, makes one "weak." Truth be told, asking for help demonstrates an incredible amount of bravery & resilience.
Many of us are conditioned to believe that we must stuff our pain deep inside and move on. Not only can this be deeply harmful to our psyche, our bodies also hold trauma & pain in such a way that can impact our health at large. There is a common misconception that seeking help, in this case going to therapy, makes one "weak." Truth be told, asking for help demonstrates an incredible amount of bravery & resilience.
(786) 667-6984 View (786) 667-6984
Photo of Dr. Airely Jimenez, Psychologist in Miami, FL
Dr. Airely Jimenez
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miami, FL 33130  (Online Only)
Are you exhausted from catering to other people's needs—your family, partners, friends, and colleagues while neglecting your own—but unsure how to change? Even though you’re left feeling angry, you may suppress those feelings. You may feel guilty when you prioritize your needs. Maybe you were taught that love is conditional—something you earn only if you perform well and meet high standards. Relaxing and taking time to enjoy life is very difficult for you. You may feel depressed about all the sacrifices you’ve made along the way, like putting satisfying relationships and your happiness and health on the back burner.
Are you exhausted from catering to other people's needs—your family, partners, friends, and colleagues while neglecting your own—but unsure how to change? Even though you’re left feeling angry, you may suppress those feelings. You may feel guilty when you prioritize your needs. Maybe you were taught that love is conditional—something you earn only if you perform well and meet high standards. Relaxing and taking time to enjoy life is very difficult for you. You may feel depressed about all the sacrifices you’ve made along the way, like putting satisfying relationships and your happiness and health on the back burner.
(352) 558-6204 View (352) 558-6204
Photo of Mindful Psychedelics in Miami, FL
Mindful Psychedelics
PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Miami, FL 33179  (Online Only)
At Mindful Psychedelics, LLC, our aim is to provide a multi-faceted and systemic approach to psychedelic integration therapy in the most welcoming and professional environment. Our protocols consist of strength-based psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, mindfulness and meditation (including breathwork), and integrative medicine. We will always adhere to this process with the utmost respect for the powerful potentials and discoveries that lie within the legal uses of psychedelics and plant medicines. Derived from our years of providing psychotherapy services to our wonderful community members, it is with a humbling pleasure that we join the medical and healing communities at large in providing the most quality integration services available.
At Mindful Psychedelics, LLC, our aim is to provide a multi-faceted and systemic approach to psychedelic integration therapy in the most welcoming and professional environment. Our protocols consist of strength-based psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, mindfulness and meditation (including breathwork), and integrative medicine. We will always adhere to this process with the utmost respect for the powerful potentials and discoveries that lie within the legal uses of psychedelics and plant medicines. Derived from our years of providing psychotherapy services to our wonderful community members, it is with a humbling pleasure that we join the medical and healing communities at large in providing the most quality integration services available.
(954) 231-0613 View (954) 231-0613
Photo of Healing Talks Counseling Services LLC, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern in Miami, FL
Healing Talks Counseling Services LLC
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MS, RMHCI
Verified Verified
Miami, FL 33179  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, and stuck? Sometimes we can get stuck in feelings and experiences of the past that negatively influence our decisions and actions in the present. As your counselor, I will help you discover, learn, and implement ways to manage and overcome thoughts and beliefs that cause anxiety, depression, and trauma-related issues. I work with teens and adults who are looking for new approaches and tools for addressing mental health and relationship struggles. Together we will work to enhance the quality of your life so that YOU may be empowered to be the best version of yourself.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, and stuck? Sometimes we can get stuck in feelings and experiences of the past that negatively influence our decisions and actions in the present. As your counselor, I will help you discover, learn, and implement ways to manage and overcome thoughts and beliefs that cause anxiety, depression, and trauma-related issues. I work with teens and adults who are looking for new approaches and tools for addressing mental health and relationship struggles. Together we will work to enhance the quality of your life so that YOU may be empowered to be the best version of yourself.
(954) 807-4764 View (954) 807-4764
Photo of Rose Mary Lagravere, Counselor in Miami, FL
Rose Mary Lagravere
Counselor, LMHC, QS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miami, FL 33186  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, since 2006, based in Florida and have been serving as a Qualified Supervisor for registered mental health interns. I earned my Master’s Degree in Mental Health Counseling from Nova Southeastern University. With over 30 years of experience in the field, I am dedicated to supporting individuals and families on their journey towards improved mental well-being. Being fluent in English and Spanish allows me to effectively connect with clients from diverse cultures.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, since 2006, based in Florida and have been serving as a Qualified Supervisor for registered mental health interns. I earned my Master’s Degree in Mental Health Counseling from Nova Southeastern University. With over 30 years of experience in the field, I am dedicated to supporting individuals and families on their journey towards improved mental well-being. Being fluent in English and Spanish allows me to effectively connect with clients from diverse cultures.
(786) 882-5225 View (786) 882-5225
Photo of Maria Chiodo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Miami, FL
Maria Chiodo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miami, FL 33131
Two Chairs was founded in 2017 with a mission to build a world where everyone has access to exceptional mental healthcare. We're creating a better experience for both patients and clinicians by starting with an in-depth, research-backed matching process to ensure the ideal patient-therapist fit, offering hybrid care that gives patients and clinicians flexibility between in-person and virtual sessions, and measuring outcomes to ensure patients get better faster.
Two Chairs was founded in 2017 with a mission to build a world where everyone has access to exceptional mental healthcare. We're creating a better experience for both patients and clinicians by starting with an in-depth, research-backed matching process to ensure the ideal patient-therapist fit, offering hybrid care that gives patients and clinicians flexibility between in-person and virtual sessions, and measuring outcomes to ensure patients get better faster.
(786) 610-4676 View (786) 610-4676
Photo of Reina Fernandez, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern in Miami, FL
Reina Fernandez
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MS, RMHCI
Verified Verified
Miami, FL 33183
Welcome ◡̈ I am happy you are here. Empowering individuals to navigate life's challenges and cultivate personal growth is my passion. As a therapist, my approach is deeply rooted in empathy, understanding, and evidence-based techniques. I specialize in helping clients overcome anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, and other challenges by providing a safe and non-judgmental space for exploration and healing.
Welcome ◡̈ I am happy you are here. Empowering individuals to navigate life's challenges and cultivate personal growth is my passion. As a therapist, my approach is deeply rooted in empathy, understanding, and evidence-based techniques. I specialize in helping clients overcome anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, and other challenges by providing a safe and non-judgmental space for exploration and healing.
(786) 891-3561 View (786) 891-3561
Photo of Lindsay Scoffil, Counselor in Miami, FL
Lindsay Scoffil
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Miami, FL 33131  (Online Only)
I am a Clinical Mental Health Counselor in the state of Florida with 4 years of post-graduate experience. I have experience helping clients cope with addictions, relationship issues, trauma, and abuse. I also have experience working with intimacy related issues. I believe that you are the expert of your story, and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming things that challenge you. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy can take courage, and I am proud of you for getting started!
I am a Clinical Mental Health Counselor in the state of Florida with 4 years of post-graduate experience. I have experience helping clients cope with addictions, relationship issues, trauma, and abuse. I also have experience working with intimacy related issues. I believe that you are the expert of your story, and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming things that challenge you. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy can take courage, and I am proud of you for getting started!
(786) 648-8304 View (786) 648-8304
Photo of Dr. Sue Ann Garrison, Psychologist in Miami, FL
Dr. Sue Ann Garrison
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Miami, FL 33131  (Online Only)
I have over 20 years of clinical experience working with adults facing a broad range of challenges. While I have worked primarily with individuals with mood and anxiety disorders, I also work with individuals facing a variety of phase of life issues, including job and relationship transitions. I also have extensive experience helping survivors of trauma. I am licensed to serve clients anywhere in Florida and have great availability at this time. I can currently schedule clients within 24 hours of contacting me.
I have over 20 years of clinical experience working with adults facing a broad range of challenges. While I have worked primarily with individuals with mood and anxiety disorders, I also work with individuals facing a variety of phase of life issues, including job and relationship transitions. I also have extensive experience helping survivors of trauma. I am licensed to serve clients anywhere in Florida and have great availability at this time. I can currently schedule clients within 24 hours of contacting me.
(786) 481-3636 View (786) 481-3636
Photo of Felipe Regueira, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Miami, FL
Felipe Regueira
Licensed Mental Health Counselor
Verified Verified
Miami, FL 33133
Life is both amazing and testing. My goal as a therapist is to provide a supportive space where you can feel safe to explore and understand your strengths as well as your personal challenges.  It’s OK to not have it all figured out right now, and with time you’ll be able to connect the dots in your life.  You already have what it takes to get there.  It takes courage to get there, and sometimes the support of a therapist.
Life is both amazing and testing. My goal as a therapist is to provide a supportive space where you can feel safe to explore and understand your strengths as well as your personal challenges.  It’s OK to not have it all figured out right now, and with time you’ll be able to connect the dots in your life.  You already have what it takes to get there.  It takes courage to get there, and sometimes the support of a therapist.
(786) 882-9677 View (786) 882-9677
Photo of Kristin Borracci-Pastiu, Psychologist in Miami, FL
Kristin Borracci-Pastiu
Psychologist, PsyD, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miami, FL 33129
I believe everyone deserves the opportunity to live a rich and meaningful life, and psychotherapy can be a powerful catalyst for change. Psychotherapy can be about working to resolve ongoing pain, or it can simply be about self-exploration and growth. In addition, therapy can help you heal, grow and connect more deeply to yourself and others and my goal is to help you achieve a greater sense of control over your life, your choices, and your relationships. I strive to create an empowering and non-judgmental safe space for you to feel heard, seen and understood while also feeling supported and accepted.
I believe everyone deserves the opportunity to live a rich and meaningful life, and psychotherapy can be a powerful catalyst for change. Psychotherapy can be about working to resolve ongoing pain, or it can simply be about self-exploration and growth. In addition, therapy can help you heal, grow and connect more deeply to yourself and others and my goal is to help you achieve a greater sense of control over your life, your choices, and your relationships. I strive to create an empowering and non-judgmental safe space for you to feel heard, seen and understood while also feeling supported and accepted.
(786) 833-7402 View (786) 833-7402
Photo of Starla Southward, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Miami, FL
Starla Southward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miami, FL 33143  (Online Only)
I’m a licensed clinical social worker in Florida, Texas, and Kentucky as well as a DBT-certified and EMDR-in training provider . I have experience in helping clients struggling with adjustment issues, trauma and abuse, depression, anxiety, stress, grief and loss, and self-esteem issues.
I’m a licensed clinical social worker in Florida, Texas, and Kentucky as well as a DBT-certified and EMDR-in training provider . I have experience in helping clients struggling with adjustment issues, trauma and abuse, depression, anxiety, stress, grief and loss, and self-esteem issues.
(786) 833-6158 View (786) 833-6158
Photo of Zandra Cue, Counselor in Miami, FL
Zandra Cue
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Miami, FL 33145
My name is Zandra Cue, I'm a licensed mental health counselor, a Registered Play Therapist-Supervior, an Autplay provider, and a qualified supervisor for mental health registered interns. I've been working with children and parents for almost a decade in treating, assessing, and helping little ones with challenging emotions and situations. Therapy is so powerful for exploring, releasing and regulating BIG feelings.
My name is Zandra Cue, I'm a licensed mental health counselor, a Registered Play Therapist-Supervior, an Autplay provider, and a qualified supervisor for mental health registered interns. I've been working with children and parents for almost a decade in treating, assessing, and helping little ones with challenging emotions and situations. Therapy is so powerful for exploring, releasing and regulating BIG feelings.
(786) 800-5071 View (786) 800-5071

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Miami, FL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Miami, FL who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
76% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
63% Relationship Issues
62% Trauma and PTSD
60% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
85% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
81% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Miami, FL see their clients

56% Online Only
44% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Miami?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.