Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Elizabeth Matteoni, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Elizabeth Matteoni
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
People usually come to therapy because they want to feel better. Anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship problems, substance abuse/addiction, losing a loved one, work difficulties (to name a few) and life in general, can be very challenging and overwhelming at times. It is important to seek medical assistance for physical problems when we are not well; therefore, it is also just as important to seek emotional/mental assistance when needed. People who are willing to work on their issues by discovering, uncovering, and discarding what is not serving them emotionally and/or mentally, will be able to function better in their lives.
People usually come to therapy because they want to feel better. Anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship problems, substance abuse/addiction, losing a loved one, work difficulties (to name a few) and life in general, can be very challenging and overwhelming at times. It is important to seek medical assistance for physical problems when we are not well; therefore, it is also just as important to seek emotional/mental assistance when needed. People who are willing to work on their issues by discovering, uncovering, and discarding what is not serving them emotionally and/or mentally, will be able to function better in their lives.
(510) 726-9954 View (510) 726-9954
Photo of Matilda St John, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Matilda St John
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
Not accepting new clients
Struggling with anxiety can be a debilitating, frightening, and isolating experience. Whether the anxiety stems from trauma(s), trying to be "good" all the time, or something you can't quite put your finger on, together we can begin to understand and unravel the fears that are keeping you from living more fully. Many people I see are anxious for good reason, and their lives can be improved by learning ways to step back and take a broader view.
Struggling with anxiety can be a debilitating, frightening, and isolating experience. Whether the anxiety stems from trauma(s), trying to be "good" all the time, or something you can't quite put your finger on, together we can begin to understand and unravel the fears that are keeping you from living more fully. Many people I see are anxious for good reason, and their lives can be improved by learning ways to step back and take a broader view.
(510) 878-4694 x2 View (510) 878-4694 x2
Photo of Maria Jeffery, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Maria Jeffery
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I utilize a person-centered approach tailored to the unique needs of the individual client. I am dedicated to addressing life transitions, trauma, and maladaptive communication patterns to re-activate resilience by creating a warm, non-judgmental, attentive and safe space to process and develop healthy skillsets to promote healing.
I utilize a person-centered approach tailored to the unique needs of the individual client. I am dedicated to addressing life transitions, trauma, and maladaptive communication patterns to re-activate resilience by creating a warm, non-judgmental, attentive and safe space to process and develop healthy skillsets to promote healing.
(510) 945-3635 View (510) 945-3635
Photo of Oriane Rosenthal, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Oriane Rosenthal
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, CYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94608  (Online Only)
My therapeutic intention is to cultivate a safe and supportive space for clients to connect with themselves and express their deepest truths in order to foster personal growth, healing, and self awareness. Together, we will sort through difficult emotions, major life changes, past trauma, negative belief patterns, work stress, relationship challenges, grief and loss, and any other issue that is leaving you feeling stuck, distressed, or not like yourself. We will explore the roots of what is going on, implement tools to promote balance and resilience, process unresolved trauma, and learn how to be more loving to yourself and others.
My therapeutic intention is to cultivate a safe and supportive space for clients to connect with themselves and express their deepest truths in order to foster personal growth, healing, and self awareness. Together, we will sort through difficult emotions, major life changes, past trauma, negative belief patterns, work stress, relationship challenges, grief and loss, and any other issue that is leaving you feeling stuck, distressed, or not like yourself. We will explore the roots of what is going on, implement tools to promote balance and resilience, process unresolved trauma, and learn how to be more loving to yourself and others.
(510) 544-6659 View (510) 544-6659
Photo of Shannon Rucker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Shannon Rucker
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
As a Licensed Therapist with over twenty years of experience, it’s my continued goal to help my clients navigate beyond depression, trauma, fear, and anxiety. By committing to their healing, my clients learn to stop being stuck in patterns that impair their ability to have the life, relationships, and professional aspirations they desire.
As a Licensed Therapist with over twenty years of experience, it’s my continued goal to help my clients navigate beyond depression, trauma, fear, and anxiety. By committing to their healing, my clients learn to stop being stuck in patterns that impair their ability to have the life, relationships, and professional aspirations they desire.
(415) 598-2357 View (415) 598-2357
Photo of Ayala Kalisher, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Ayala Kalisher
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
16 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
The people who choose to work with me often want something more than traditional talk therapy. People come to me who are experiencing challenges in relationships with themselves and others. This includes struggling in the relationship to being in your own body. I combined talk therapy with a number of mindfulness and somatic based modalities to meet you where you are and explore together what healing can look like. I work with individuals and couples or other relationship configurations. I also offer psychedelic integration integration therapy.
The people who choose to work with me often want something more than traditional talk therapy. People come to me who are experiencing challenges in relationships with themselves and others. This includes struggling in the relationship to being in your own body. I combined talk therapy with a number of mindfulness and somatic based modalities to meet you where you are and explore together what healing can look like. I work with individuals and couples or other relationship configurations. I also offer psychedelic integration integration therapy.
(510) 988-5609 View (510) 988-5609
Photo of Dr. Alandrea Martin-Scott, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Dr. Alandrea Martin-Scott
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD,, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
My goal is to help clients achieve success while going through struggles and life challenges. I have experience treating children, adolescents, couples and families who are affected by domestic violence, drugs and alcohol abuse. I also work with individuals who have anxiety, depression and mood disorders. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as my primary form of treatment. I offer support and various techniques to help clients cope or change behaviors that will benefit them moving forward.
My goal is to help clients achieve success while going through struggles and life challenges. I have experience treating children, adolescents, couples and families who are affected by domestic violence, drugs and alcohol abuse. I also work with individuals who have anxiety, depression and mood disorders. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as my primary form of treatment. I offer support and various techniques to help clients cope or change behaviors that will benefit them moving forward.
(510) 454-8276 View (510) 454-8276
Photo of Your Pace Psychotherapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Your Pace Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
My approach is collaborative and active. I balance making therapy challenging at times, yet playful enough so that you will want to come back. My clients say this therapy-on-the-move is easier than a traditional sit-on-a-couch scenario in which the confinement of the room can get in the way of the work. I think for some people — especially teens & young adults — the idea of sitting in a room with a therapist is antithetical to being in a space that is good for sharing tough stuff. All that said, the outdoor work is *part* of the practice, roughly 30% of our time may consist of online sessions.
My approach is collaborative and active. I balance making therapy challenging at times, yet playful enough so that you will want to come back. My clients say this therapy-on-the-move is easier than a traditional sit-on-a-couch scenario in which the confinement of the room can get in the way of the work. I think for some people — especially teens & young adults — the idea of sitting in a room with a therapist is antithetical to being in a space that is good for sharing tough stuff. All that said, the outdoor work is *part* of the practice, roughly 30% of our time may consist of online sessions.
(628) 257-7582 View (628) 257-7582
Photo of Molly Nadler, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Molly Nadler
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Psychotherapy is a uniquely effective way to address and process deeply rooted issues that manifest in ways that are painful, confusing, and make people feel out of control. I work with children, adolescents, and adults in individual therapy, using a collaborative approach that centers on empathy, understanding, and exploration. My orientation is predominantly psychodynamic, and I tailor my approach to each individual to address unique circumstances and complexities. I strive to create a safe, warm, and validating environment that enables people to share and be vulnerable without fear of judgment.
Psychotherapy is a uniquely effective way to address and process deeply rooted issues that manifest in ways that are painful, confusing, and make people feel out of control. I work with children, adolescents, and adults in individual therapy, using a collaborative approach that centers on empathy, understanding, and exploration. My orientation is predominantly psychodynamic, and I tailor my approach to each individual to address unique circumstances and complexities. I strive to create a safe, warm, and validating environment that enables people to share and be vulnerable without fear of judgment.
(510) 662-0307 View (510) 662-0307
Photo of Ben Graf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Ben Graf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
Emotional healing occurs most readily in the context of a safe relationship that is simultaneously supportive, responsive and empathic, but that also challenges you to venture outside of your comfort zone. My therapeutic approach is client-centered, partnering with you in your individuality to help you reconnect with your own inner strength and wisdom. I can help you to make connections between your past experiences and present circumstances in order to better understand yourself, enabling you to make changes that translate into a more vibrant and fulfilling life.
Emotional healing occurs most readily in the context of a safe relationship that is simultaneously supportive, responsive and empathic, but that also challenges you to venture outside of your comfort zone. My therapeutic approach is client-centered, partnering with you in your individuality to help you reconnect with your own inner strength and wisdom. I can help you to make connections between your past experiences and present circumstances in order to better understand yourself, enabling you to make changes that translate into a more vibrant and fulfilling life.
(510) 270-4943 View (510) 270-4943
Photo of Keri (Kathryn) Sills-Payne, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Keri (Kathryn) Sills-Payne
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Are you wanting to feel better once and for all? Maybe you can't move on from the past or you're worried about your future. If anxiety, panic, or even depression is stealing your joy, I get it. If traditional talk therapy hasn't helped you feel better, it's time to try a new approach to heal at the source of your pain. For 12 years I have refined my approach through professional training and experience in Relational-gestalt therapy and Brainspotting (derived from EMDR) while centering social justice and trauma-informed care.
Are you wanting to feel better once and for all? Maybe you can't move on from the past or you're worried about your future. If anxiety, panic, or even depression is stealing your joy, I get it. If traditional talk therapy hasn't helped you feel better, it's time to try a new approach to heal at the source of your pain. For 12 years I have refined my approach through professional training and experience in Relational-gestalt therapy and Brainspotting (derived from EMDR) while centering social justice and trauma-informed care.
(510) 694-1462 View (510) 694-1462
Photo of Chinmay Surpur, Pre-Licensed Professional in Oakland, CA
Chinmay Surpur
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
Waitlist for new clients
Are you experiencing difficulties concentrating? Do you ever feel that your mood is so low you can’t get out of bed? Do you struggle with anxiety or obsessive thoughts? Are you finding yourself wrestling with existential thoughts? Maybe you’re experiencing a combination of issues that just don’t let you feel like yourself? Whatever you’re experiencing, I’m here to help. Through our work together, we can identify your core issues and make a plan to address them using an individually-tailored and holistic approach to achieve your goals. Let’s embark on this journey of healing together!
Are you experiencing difficulties concentrating? Do you ever feel that your mood is so low you can’t get out of bed? Do you struggle with anxiety or obsessive thoughts? Are you finding yourself wrestling with existential thoughts? Maybe you’re experiencing a combination of issues that just don’t let you feel like yourself? Whatever you’re experiencing, I’m here to help. Through our work together, we can identify your core issues and make a plan to address them using an individually-tailored and holistic approach to achieve your goals. Let’s embark on this journey of healing together!
(510) 422-0827 View (510) 422-0827
Photo of Therapy for Lawyers, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Therapy for Lawyers
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, MA
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612
Mike Lubofsky, Licensed Therapist and Attorney • My ideal client is highly intelligent, intellectually curious, and sincerely open to change. My work as a therapist is a deep calling and the challenging exploration of psychological and existential issues with clients often leads to profound emotionally corrective experiences with clients. Many clients, including lawyers, have "checked all the boxes" and have hit a wall of frustration and dissatisfaction. I have navigated those profound challenges and my life's work is to help others find their authentic paths.
Mike Lubofsky, Licensed Therapist and Attorney • My ideal client is highly intelligent, intellectually curious, and sincerely open to change. My work as a therapist is a deep calling and the challenging exploration of psychological and existential issues with clients often leads to profound emotionally corrective experiences with clients. Many clients, including lawyers, have "checked all the boxes" and have hit a wall of frustration and dissatisfaction. I have navigated those profound challenges and my life's work is to help others find their authentic paths.
(415) 508-6263 View (415) 508-6263
Photo of Jennifer Jackson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jennifer Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
The goal of our work together is for you to live freely and fully and to reconnect to your inherent power. With a holistic approach and a deep understanding of the process of healing and growth, I offer skilled support and insight. I work relationally because change is hard–care, connection and accompaniment are essential in the process. While I work with you to untangle the feelings that are causing you struggle and pain, we will simultaneously harness the power of healing and transformation.
The goal of our work together is for you to live freely and fully and to reconnect to your inherent power. With a holistic approach and a deep understanding of the process of healing and growth, I offer skilled support and insight. I work relationally because change is hard–care, connection and accompaniment are essential in the process. While I work with you to untangle the feelings that are causing you struggle and pain, we will simultaneously harness the power of healing and transformation.
(510) 880-1278 View (510) 880-1278
Photo of Jennie Bertone, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jennie Bertone
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
I have been exploring the body-mind connection as a dedicated mindfulness-practitioner and meditator for over a decade. I believe that each individual holds great capacity for healing and growth. My job is to help you uncover those resources that allow each of us to live more fully and authentically. My work is informed by many somatically-oriented modalities: Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, Hakomi, Richard Schwartz's Internal Family Systems, as well as the most current research in attachment, neurobiology, and trauma. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapy Therapist and certified Sensorimotor Psychotherapist (MFT 122930).
I have been exploring the body-mind connection as a dedicated mindfulness-practitioner and meditator for over a decade. I believe that each individual holds great capacity for healing and growth. My job is to help you uncover those resources that allow each of us to live more fully and authentically. My work is informed by many somatically-oriented modalities: Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, Hakomi, Richard Schwartz's Internal Family Systems, as well as the most current research in attachment, neurobiology, and trauma. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapy Therapist and certified Sensorimotor Psychotherapist (MFT 122930).
(510) 674-0464 View (510) 674-0464
Photo of Rachel Mauricio, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Rachel Mauricio
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94607
I specialize in trauma-informed somatic (body-based) therapy for BIPOC. My somatic, psychodynamic, attachment, and spiritual approach supports clients in building a compassionate relationship with themself. My somatic approach also facilitates familiarization with how the nervous system communicates and the relational needs that are expressed through the body.
I specialize in trauma-informed somatic (body-based) therapy for BIPOC. My somatic, psychodynamic, attachment, and spiritual approach supports clients in building a compassionate relationship with themself. My somatic approach also facilitates familiarization with how the nervous system communicates and the relational needs that are expressed through the body.
(415) 326-0044 View (415) 326-0044
Photo of Sheryl FitzGerald, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Sheryl FitzGerald
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Finding the right therapist is hard. It is also worth the extra time and effort. Do you feel stuck, depleted or uncertain about your next step in life? Are you struggling to build your family, coping with infertility and loss, or feeling stressed by the demands of parenting? It is common to feel anxious, stressed or unsatisfied when life doesn't go as planned and you’re faced with unexpected challenges. You do not have to feel out of control or travel this journey alone. You deserve to receive therapy that is effective and tailored to you.
Finding the right therapist is hard. It is also worth the extra time and effort. Do you feel stuck, depleted or uncertain about your next step in life? Are you struggling to build your family, coping with infertility and loss, or feeling stressed by the demands of parenting? It is common to feel anxious, stressed or unsatisfied when life doesn't go as planned and you’re faced with unexpected challenges. You do not have to feel out of control or travel this journey alone. You deserve to receive therapy that is effective and tailored to you.
(510) 616-9560 View (510) 616-9560
Photo of Christine Highet, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Christine Highet
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94601
My name is Chrissy Highet, and I am a bilingual (Eng/Span) Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of California. Through psychotherapy, I work to empower children, adolescents, and adults with tools to free themselves from limiting beliefs and show up in the world with confidence and authenticity. Currently a mental health provider with Oakland Unified School District, as well as a parent and a former educator, I’m passionate about creating spaces of connection and belonging.
My name is Chrissy Highet, and I am a bilingual (Eng/Span) Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of California. Through psychotherapy, I work to empower children, adolescents, and adults with tools to free themselves from limiting beliefs and show up in the world with confidence and authenticity. Currently a mental health provider with Oakland Unified School District, as well as a parent and a former educator, I’m passionate about creating spaces of connection and belonging.
(510) 800-8404 View (510) 800-8404
Photo of Michael Y. Simon, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Michael Y. Simon, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
Therapy should not and cannot be "one size fits all." It should be rooted in a consistent, deep effort to understand who you are and what you need, in relation to the resources you have near you. Therapy should also be practical and offer some fairly immediate results, even though bigger change takes time. It's ultimately about collaboration, and the formation of a helpful relationship. Although I have 25 years of clinical experience to bring to our work, it is more important that you feel we have a good match as we enter this work together. I trust that after we talk, you'll know whether it seems like the right match.
Therapy should not and cannot be "one size fits all." It should be rooted in a consistent, deep effort to understand who you are and what you need, in relation to the resources you have near you. Therapy should also be practical and offer some fairly immediate results, even though bigger change takes time. It's ultimately about collaboration, and the formation of a helpful relationship. Although I have 25 years of clinical experience to bring to our work, it is more important that you feel we have a good match as we enter this work together. I trust that after we talk, you'll know whether it seems like the right match.
(510) 343-7369 View (510) 343-7369
Photo of Carrie E Gray, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Carrie E Gray
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
In an atmosphere of acceptance, understanding and clarity, I am here to support your relationship with yourself. Using tools such as mindfulness, insight, somatic and narrative approaches, I create a space where the many parts of you are welcome. Goal setting is a collaborative process and therapy can be long or short term depending on your needs. I deeply support the listening process, as well as the interplay between individual needs and relationship needs. I have a particular orientation towards meaning and purpose, and I draw from your values as a means of integrating both difficult and inspiring experiences.
In an atmosphere of acceptance, understanding and clarity, I am here to support your relationship with yourself. Using tools such as mindfulness, insight, somatic and narrative approaches, I create a space where the many parts of you are welcome. Goal setting is a collaborative process and therapy can be long or short term depending on your needs. I deeply support the listening process, as well as the interplay between individual needs and relationship needs. I have a particular orientation towards meaning and purpose, and I draw from your values as a means of integrating both difficult and inspiring experiences.
(510) 343-7651 View (510) 343-7651

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.