Therapists in Oakland, CA

View neighborhoods in Oakland
Photo of Melissa Murphy, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Melissa Murphy
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, JD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
Whether you or your child struggle with depression, anxiety, phobias, trauma, grief, life transitions, addiction or other conditions, I would be honored to accompany you or your loved ones on your healing journey. Our work will focus on creating the safety and acceptance that allows for change. Because our lives are shaped by the culture in which we live, we can also consider the social forces that may have shaped you, including racial, gender, and class biases.
Whether you or your child struggle with depression, anxiety, phobias, trauma, grief, life transitions, addiction or other conditions, I would be honored to accompany you or your loved ones on your healing journey. Our work will focus on creating the safety and acceptance that allows for change. Because our lives are shaped by the culture in which we live, we can also consider the social forces that may have shaped you, including racial, gender, and class biases.
(415) 792-0372 View (415) 792-0372
Photo of Marla R Rosen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Marla R Rosen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Your child is struggling with anxious or sad feelings. Irritability, defiance and outsized anger are prevalent in many of your interactions. Children often "hold it together," at school and then fall apart at home. As a parent, you feel triggered and at the same time hopeless when your attempts to understand or comfort fail. Feeling seen, understood and validated are imperatives for healthy development and self esteem. Parents struggling with patience and reactivity to challenging behaviors will find difficulty providing consistent communication and empathy. You seek for your child positive coping skills so that they flourish.
Your child is struggling with anxious or sad feelings. Irritability, defiance and outsized anger are prevalent in many of your interactions. Children often "hold it together," at school and then fall apart at home. As a parent, you feel triggered and at the same time hopeless when your attempts to understand or comfort fail. Feeling seen, understood and validated are imperatives for healthy development and self esteem. Parents struggling with patience and reactivity to challenging behaviors will find difficulty providing consistent communication and empathy. You seek for your child positive coping skills so that they flourish.
(510) 399-0473 View (510) 399-0473
Photo of Amy Honigman, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Amy Honigman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
I specialize in helping teens, young adults, and parents with the anxiety and stress of preparing for college. My approach is primarily a mindfulness, acceptance-based cognitive therapy. Teens dealing with the transition in adulthood often behave in ways that are complicated to understand, let alone parent. I prefer work collaboratively, teaching clients mindfulness skills which can enable them to discover useful skills in overcoming anxiety.
I specialize in helping teens, young adults, and parents with the anxiety and stress of preparing for college. My approach is primarily a mindfulness, acceptance-based cognitive therapy. Teens dealing with the transition in adulthood often behave in ways that are complicated to understand, let alone parent. I prefer work collaboratively, teaching clients mindfulness skills which can enable them to discover useful skills in overcoming anxiety.
(510) 296-4995 View (510) 296-4995
Photo of Cari Donovan - Certified Emdr And Somatic Therapist, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Cari Donovan - Certified Emdr And Somatic Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
You are unique, and therapy should be, too. I specialize in supporting people who have had experiences or identities that are beyond mainstream culture's rigid boxes. I’m a Certified EMDR Therapist with extensive knowledge in Somatic Therapy and Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Rooted in a compassionate and non-judgmental approach, I use well-researched methods to help people deal with PTSD, anxiety, and events that have upended life.
You are unique, and therapy should be, too. I specialize in supporting people who have had experiences or identities that are beyond mainstream culture's rigid boxes. I’m a Certified EMDR Therapist with extensive knowledge in Somatic Therapy and Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Rooted in a compassionate and non-judgmental approach, I use well-researched methods to help people deal with PTSD, anxiety, and events that have upended life.
(510) 900-7327 View (510) 900-7327
Photo of Bridge Psychological Services - Dr. Dana Meeks , Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Bridge Psychological Services - Dr. Dana Meeks
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94607
Helping people when they are in crisis is my passion. I specialize in emergency and acute mental health evaluation and consultation. I am currently accepting patients for brief intervention services only, including: crisis evaluation and acute treatment planning; urgent clinical diagnostic evaluation and consultation; and, private disability evaluations.
Helping people when they are in crisis is my passion. I specialize in emergency and acute mental health evaluation and consultation. I am currently accepting patients for brief intervention services only, including: crisis evaluation and acute treatment planning; urgent clinical diagnostic evaluation and consultation; and, private disability evaluations.
(510) 338-3325 View (510) 338-3325
Photo of Sami Qreini, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Sami Qreini
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601
Are you looking for help, guidance or support as a parent, adolescent, adult, or couple? Do you feel out of tune with your friends or family? Overwhelmed with demands? Or stuck in relational or behavioral patterns? Therapy can open you to new perspectives. As your therapist, I can help you widen your view, find your competence and reconnect with yourself, so you feel up to life’s challenges. I will be a curious and empathic listener and provide a secure, contained space to explore.
Are you looking for help, guidance or support as a parent, adolescent, adult, or couple? Do you feel out of tune with your friends or family? Overwhelmed with demands? Or stuck in relational or behavioral patterns? Therapy can open you to new perspectives. As your therapist, I can help you widen your view, find your competence and reconnect with yourself, so you feel up to life’s challenges. I will be a curious and empathic listener and provide a secure, contained space to explore.
(510) 996-5994 View (510) 996-5994
Photo of Adrian Q Quintero, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Adrian Q Quintero
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
I offer a warm, affirming, and non-judgmental space for children and teens exploration of LGBTQI+ identities, struggles with anxiety, and support with grief and loss.
I offer a warm, affirming, and non-judgmental space for children and teens exploration of LGBTQI+ identities, struggles with anxiety, and support with grief and loss.
(510) 405-7409 View (510) 405-7409
Photo of Alexander Shen, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Alexander Shen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Starting therapy can be an important life decision. Whether you are hoping to focus on specific concerns, or exploring broader, longer standing challenges, therapy can be useful in understanding how aspects of one‘s temperament and relational tendencies interfere with living life authentically, and with reaching one’s full potential. By addressing issues in real-time, while also considering the impact of situational factors and past experiences, therapy can help to identify areas of one’s life to examine and evolve. Importantly, effective therapy often promotes resiliency, self-awareness and personal growth.
Starting therapy can be an important life decision. Whether you are hoping to focus on specific concerns, or exploring broader, longer standing challenges, therapy can be useful in understanding how aspects of one‘s temperament and relational tendencies interfere with living life authentically, and with reaching one’s full potential. By addressing issues in real-time, while also considering the impact of situational factors and past experiences, therapy can help to identify areas of one’s life to examine and evolve. Importantly, effective therapy often promotes resiliency, self-awareness and personal growth.
(415) 523-9022 View (415) 523-9022
Photo of Natalie Lorraine Ortega, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Oakland, CA
Natalie Lorraine Ortega
Associate Clinical Social Worker, MSW, ASW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94619  (Online Only)
As a politicized somatic practitioner, I offer politicized somatics, an embodied path towards healing and transformation from individual and collective trauma. Politicized somatics allows you to align your values with your actions through increasing somatic awareness. This allows you to perceive your moods, sensations and emotions in order to get more present with what is and to make choiceful decisions about what follows. This, in itself, is a practice. Practice is an antidote that supports embodiment, healing and transformation.
As a politicized somatic practitioner, I offer politicized somatics, an embodied path towards healing and transformation from individual and collective trauma. Politicized somatics allows you to align your values with your actions through increasing somatic awareness. This allows you to perceive your moods, sensations and emotions in order to get more present with what is and to make choiceful decisions about what follows. This, in itself, is a practice. Practice is an antidote that supports embodiment, healing and transformation.
(510) 851-8997 View (510) 851-8997
Photo of Karen Flynn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Karen Flynn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
I love my work! My expertise lies in repairing relationships. I'm a certified Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) therapist through ICCEFT. EFT offers an ideal approach for working with couples, individuals, and families alike. Additionally, my practice is enriched by the invaluable insights from the Gottman Institute, where I have achieved Level 3 training. My clinical journey includes comprehensive training from UCSF's Infant-Parent Program in San Francisco, along with The Psychotherapy Institute, and The Women's Therapy Center, both in Berkeley.
I love my work! My expertise lies in repairing relationships. I'm a certified Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) therapist through ICCEFT. EFT offers an ideal approach for working with couples, individuals, and families alike. Additionally, my practice is enriched by the invaluable insights from the Gottman Institute, where I have achieved Level 3 training. My clinical journey includes comprehensive training from UCSF's Infant-Parent Program in San Francisco, along with The Psychotherapy Institute, and The Women's Therapy Center, both in Berkeley.
(510) 272-7350 View (510) 272-7350
Photo of Gerard Antonio Artesona, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Gerard Antonio Artesona
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RYT-200
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
I work with clients from diverse communities who seek support for challenges related to racial and ethnic identity, major life transitions, and existential concerns. I also provide psychedelic integration support that is culturally sensitive, based in reciprocity and acknowledgment of indigenous cultures, and trauma-informed. Forgiveness, compassion, and patience for ourselves and our own unique healing processes are key to embracing our inherent strengths and finding self empowerment. These are valuable tools I hope to help you cultivate.
I work with clients from diverse communities who seek support for challenges related to racial and ethnic identity, major life transitions, and existential concerns. I also provide psychedelic integration support that is culturally sensitive, based in reciprocity and acknowledgment of indigenous cultures, and trauma-informed. Forgiveness, compassion, and patience for ourselves and our own unique healing processes are key to embracing our inherent strengths and finding self empowerment. These are valuable tools I hope to help you cultivate.
(925) 885-6156 View (925) 885-6156
Photo of Mia Salaverry, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Mia Salaverry
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CCH
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Online sessions available now. The research-based techniques I use work! All that’s required is that you show up, engage, and practice. These are the key to addressing depression, anxiety, relationship problems, and Covid-19 (coronavirus) fears, to name a few. I bring a dynamic, engaged style and years of experience to my work. Other clients are entrepreneurs faced with the complexities and demands of Silicon Valley start-ups, as well as professionals in medicine, law, education, psychology, entertainment, and business.
Online sessions available now. The research-based techniques I use work! All that’s required is that you show up, engage, and practice. These are the key to addressing depression, anxiety, relationship problems, and Covid-19 (coronavirus) fears, to name a few. I bring a dynamic, engaged style and years of experience to my work. Other clients are entrepreneurs faced with the complexities and demands of Silicon Valley start-ups, as well as professionals in medicine, law, education, psychology, entertainment, and business.
(650) 209-7308 View (650) 209-7308
Photo of Jacqueline Ong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jacqueline Ong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Are you feeling stressed, stuck, or even stunned by all that is happening in the world today? Perhaps you’ve experienced a change in relationship, upsetting news or trauma, and it’s taking all your energy to do activities that were once routine. Or maybe life is going as planned, but something’s missing and you’re wondering about the bigger picture. In these moments, finding a professional who wants to understand your point of view and help you find a way forward can make a huge difference. I can help you learn cutting-edge skills to reduce anxiety and depression, improve relationships and live a more joyful and satisfying life.
Are you feeling stressed, stuck, or even stunned by all that is happening in the world today? Perhaps you’ve experienced a change in relationship, upsetting news or trauma, and it’s taking all your energy to do activities that were once routine. Or maybe life is going as planned, but something’s missing and you’re wondering about the bigger picture. In these moments, finding a professional who wants to understand your point of view and help you find a way forward can make a huge difference. I can help you learn cutting-edge skills to reduce anxiety and depression, improve relationships and live a more joyful and satisfying life.
(510) 939-7414 View (510) 939-7414
Photo of Josh Greene, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Josh Greene
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
If we think about an iceberg, or even a volcano, we typically can see what’s above water, or above ground. And yet, what is beneath is immense and powerful. I hold that the same is true for people, in terms of what governs our consciousness. If we can get a bit closer to the stuff that lies below the surface, then what happens above may begin to look and feel a bit different. Signing up for therapy is no small feat! It means carving out space and time to truly focus on yourself in the hopes of finding greater fulfillment, peace and happiness in your life.
If we think about an iceberg, or even a volcano, we typically can see what’s above water, or above ground. And yet, what is beneath is immense and powerful. I hold that the same is true for people, in terms of what governs our consciousness. If we can get a bit closer to the stuff that lies below the surface, then what happens above may begin to look and feel a bit different. Signing up for therapy is no small feat! It means carving out space and time to truly focus on yourself in the hopes of finding greater fulfillment, peace and happiness in your life.
(510) 380-5740 View (510) 380-5740
Photo of Judy Noddin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Judy Noddin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
I work with people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship stressors, and life transitions, as well as those who want to heal from childhood trauma and emotional neglect. I specialize in trauma focused therapy using Internal Family Systems (IFS), Somatic Attachment Therapy, and Expressive Arts Therapy. During individual sessions we will work together to identify and change the thought, behavior patterns, and beliefs that are keeping you stuck and suffering; help you gain greater access to your innate healing capacities and resilience; and grow your capacity for self-compassion, joy, creativity and connection.
I work with people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship stressors, and life transitions, as well as those who want to heal from childhood trauma and emotional neglect. I specialize in trauma focused therapy using Internal Family Systems (IFS), Somatic Attachment Therapy, and Expressive Arts Therapy. During individual sessions we will work together to identify and change the thought, behavior patterns, and beliefs that are keeping you stuck and suffering; help you gain greater access to your innate healing capacities and resilience; and grow your capacity for self-compassion, joy, creativity and connection.
(510) 254-3198 View (510) 254-3198
Photo of Maura Darrow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Maura Darrow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601
I have over 10 years of experience working as a clinician in a variety of settings. I am adept at working with patients affected by addiction, complex trauma, as well as depression and anxiety. I have also helped many people who have experienced medical trauma, as well as life-changing illness and injury. My counseling style is warm and engaging. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. My approach is client-centered and trauma-informed, combining psychodynamic therapy and narrative counseling with mindfulness to meet your unique and specific needs.
I have over 10 years of experience working as a clinician in a variety of settings. I am adept at working with patients affected by addiction, complex trauma, as well as depression and anxiety. I have also helped many people who have experienced medical trauma, as well as life-changing illness and injury. My counseling style is warm and engaging. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. My approach is client-centered and trauma-informed, combining psychodynamic therapy and narrative counseling with mindfulness to meet your unique and specific needs.
(510) 253-0677 View (510) 253-0677
Photo of Adele Markey, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Adele Markey
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
At some point in their lives, most people deal with emotional, mental, and relationship challenges. Maybe you are feeling down or empty. Perhaps you feel constantly stressed and anxious. You might be having difficulties with family, partners, friends, or colleagues. Or maybe you feel out of touch with your work, your passions, or even yourself. You are not alone. Therapy can help you work through challenging life experiences, both past and present, to help you feel better and to accomplish your goals. I believe that we heal through our relationships with others, and I want to provide this kind of healing relationship for you.
At some point in their lives, most people deal with emotional, mental, and relationship challenges. Maybe you are feeling down or empty. Perhaps you feel constantly stressed and anxious. You might be having difficulties with family, partners, friends, or colleagues. Or maybe you feel out of touch with your work, your passions, or even yourself. You are not alone. Therapy can help you work through challenging life experiences, both past and present, to help you feel better and to accomplish your goals. I believe that we heal through our relationships with others, and I want to provide this kind of healing relationship for you.
(510) 973-4072 View (510) 973-4072
Photo of John Roedel Psychedelic Integration Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
John Roedel Psychedelic Integration Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
If you've decided you want to try psychedelic-assisted therapy for depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, addiction, family-of-origin issues—or any of a number of other mental health issues—I may be able to help you. Many patients have experienced significant improvement after just a short course of treatment. That said, this approach has risks and potential harms that must be carefully assessed and managed. The formal term for this approach is "Psychedelic Harm Reduction and Integration." In addition to my training in this, I draw on extensive experience as a crisis therapist helping to keep patients safe.
If you've decided you want to try psychedelic-assisted therapy for depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, addiction, family-of-origin issues—or any of a number of other mental health issues—I may be able to help you. Many patients have experienced significant improvement after just a short course of treatment. That said, this approach has risks and potential harms that must be carefully assessed and managed. The formal term for this approach is "Psychedelic Harm Reduction and Integration." In addition to my training in this, I draw on extensive experience as a crisis therapist helping to keep patients safe.
(415) 849-3997 View (415) 849-3997
Photo of Emily Epstein, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Emily Epstein
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
You may have decided that you need a focused time and a safe place to sort through important issues in your life. How do you know when a therapist is right for you? I believe in trusting your instincts. I invite you to bring your full range of feelings about starting therapy to an exploratory first session to see if we would be a good match. I work with individuals and couples of all orientations and backgrounds.
You may have decided that you need a focused time and a safe place to sort through important issues in your life. How do you know when a therapist is right for you? I believe in trusting your instincts. I invite you to bring your full range of feelings about starting therapy to an exploratory first session to see if we would be a good match. I work with individuals and couples of all orientations and backgrounds.
(510) 403-1315 View (510) 403-1315
Photo of Christian Lozano, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Christian Lozano
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Hello, I am a licensed clinical psychologist practicing in the East Bay Area, California. I also offer Telehealth services for patients who reside in New York and California. Bilingual therapy is provided in English/Spanish. I specialize in working with clients who experience depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD, life transitions, and relationship issues. In my practice, I strive to create a warm, trusting and supportive environment, which I believe is essential to the healing process. I work collaboratively with clients to address their emotional distress and help them achieve self-growth and the changes they are looking for.
Hello, I am a licensed clinical psychologist practicing in the East Bay Area, California. I also offer Telehealth services for patients who reside in New York and California. Bilingual therapy is provided in English/Spanish. I specialize in working with clients who experience depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD, life transitions, and relationship issues. In my practice, I strive to create a warm, trusting and supportive environment, which I believe is essential to the healing process. I work collaboratively with clients to address their emotional distress and help them achieve self-growth and the changes they are looking for.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.