Therapists in Saint Charles, MO

Photo of Jill Davis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Charles, MO
Jill Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Charles, MO 63301
Are you struggling in your relationship? What do your communication and conflict management skills look like? Would you be willing to learn new ways of interacting to increase relationship satisfaction? If so, I may be good fit for you. I am passionate about helping motivated individuals and couples, married and unmarried, explore and identify problematic patterns that impact emotional and relationship health. I will work with you to explore the root issues driving your complaints and support you in making positive changes in your life.
Are you struggling in your relationship? What do your communication and conflict management skills look like? Would you be willing to learn new ways of interacting to increase relationship satisfaction? If so, I may be good fit for you. I am passionate about helping motivated individuals and couples, married and unmarried, explore and identify problematic patterns that impact emotional and relationship health. I will work with you to explore the root issues driving your complaints and support you in making positive changes in your life.
(636) 434-2362 View (636) 434-2362
Photo of Michele Calvin, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Charles, MO
Michele Calvin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, MO 63303
Accepting New Clients-As we go through life, it can deliver trials, obstacles, and you may be on an ongoing roller coaster ride; and through these trying situations, you may feel out of control, hopeless, and ponder whom you can seek for help. Starting therapy can seem overwhelming, but I am here to guide the way. Counseling is personable and distinctive; I believe your therapeutic journey should lead to positive changes in your life by incorporating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Person-Centered Therapy (PCT) practices.
Accepting New Clients-As we go through life, it can deliver trials, obstacles, and you may be on an ongoing roller coaster ride; and through these trying situations, you may feel out of control, hopeless, and ponder whom you can seek for help. Starting therapy can seem overwhelming, but I am here to guide the way. Counseling is personable and distinctive; I believe your therapeutic journey should lead to positive changes in your life by incorporating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Person-Centered Therapy (PCT) practices.
(636) 238-2652 View (636) 238-2652
Photo of Nicole Smith, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Charles, MO
Nicole Smith
Pre-Licensed Professional, Nicole , Smith , CIT
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, MO 63303
I am so excited to go on this journey with you! Counseling is such a unique, sometimes trying, but ultimately really fulfilling experience. I see clients of all kinds, but have the most experience working with clients who are working through relationship issues, sexual trauma, and complex trauma.
I am so excited to go on this journey with you! Counseling is such a unique, sometimes trying, but ultimately really fulfilling experience. I see clients of all kinds, but have the most experience working with clients who are working through relationship issues, sexual trauma, and complex trauma.
(636) 251-3900 View (636) 251-3900
Photo of RB Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
RB Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Charles, MO 63301
Congratulations! You have just taken the first step on your journey of personal growth and healing! In therapy, you will discover a place where you can share your experiences and process feelings without fear of judgement. I counsel couples and adults in a comfortable, confidential atmosphere. I am a dedicated professional and I take pride in my ability to provide highly personalized strategies to meet your unique needs. I look forward to meeting with you, and to joining you on your journey of growth and healing.
Congratulations! You have just taken the first step on your journey of personal growth and healing! In therapy, you will discover a place where you can share your experiences and process feelings without fear of judgement. I counsel couples and adults in a comfortable, confidential atmosphere. I am a dedicated professional and I take pride in my ability to provide highly personalized strategies to meet your unique needs. I look forward to meeting with you, and to joining you on your journey of growth and healing.
(636) 486-3619 View (636) 486-3619
Photo of Sherrie Stafford, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
Sherrie Stafford
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, SATP, LCPC
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, MO 63303  (Online Only)
I am a medically retired police officer. I provide services anywhere in Missouri and Kan. I hold a certification DBT and in sex addiction treatment, and trained in EMDR I&II, substance use issues, LGBT, and attachment issues. Domestic violence trainer of trainers. Many hours of trainings in trauma. I have worked the national and local suicide hotline. Developed/trained and provided therapy to police officers/wives. Have provided therapy to special clearance service members/wives at FT Carson, FT Warren, and Air Force Academy. I have worked closely with mental health/drug court. I provide therapy to individuals and couples.
I am a medically retired police officer. I provide services anywhere in Missouri and Kan. I hold a certification DBT and in sex addiction treatment, and trained in EMDR I&II, substance use issues, LGBT, and attachment issues. Domestic violence trainer of trainers. Many hours of trainings in trauma. I have worked the national and local suicide hotline. Developed/trained and provided therapy to police officers/wives. Have provided therapy to special clearance service members/wives at FT Carson, FT Warren, and Air Force Academy. I have worked closely with mental health/drug court. I provide therapy to individuals and couples.
(816) 307-9598 View (816) 307-9598
Photo of Jamie Fitterer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
Jamie Fitterer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, MO 63303
I enjoy working with adults experiencing anxiety and phase of life issues/transitions. I help clients identify early life messages and behavior patterns that create self-doubt, anxiety, guilt, and shame, and work to create a safe place to process trauma. I'm passionate about empowering women and mothers to recognize their strengths and abilities while providing support and insight. I want to support my clients in their journey to grow in their confidence and understanding of themselves while developing skills that assist them in their daily lives, creating healthier relationships with themselves and others.
I enjoy working with adults experiencing anxiety and phase of life issues/transitions. I help clients identify early life messages and behavior patterns that create self-doubt, anxiety, guilt, and shame, and work to create a safe place to process trauma. I'm passionate about empowering women and mothers to recognize their strengths and abilities while providing support and insight. I want to support my clients in their journey to grow in their confidence and understanding of themselves while developing skills that assist them in their daily lives, creating healthier relationships with themselves and others.
(636) 339-4882 View (636) 339-4882
Photo of Eric Hamrick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
Eric Hamrick
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Charles, MO 63303
Life Connect Counseling Services provides a safe, comfortable and confidential place to work through some of life's biggest challenges. With over 30 years of experience working with individuals, couples and families, I understand how hard it is to ask for help and the risk of sharing your deepest struggles and hurts with another person. If you are ready to start your journey toward a new you, give me a call today or click on the website tab to get more information.
Life Connect Counseling Services provides a safe, comfortable and confidential place to work through some of life's biggest challenges. With over 30 years of experience working with individuals, couples and families, I understand how hard it is to ask for help and the risk of sharing your deepest struggles and hurts with another person. If you are ready to start your journey toward a new you, give me a call today or click on the website tab to get more information.
(636) 328-6543 View (636) 328-6543
Photo of Jeremiah Pearson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
Jeremiah Pearson
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, MO 63301
Not accepting new clients
An ideal client is someone who is working towards a balanced life while gaining meaningful relationships. Willing to be open to new ideas and perspectives in order to build resilience and ones own autonomy.
An ideal client is someone who is working towards a balanced life while gaining meaningful relationships. Willing to be open to new ideas and perspectives in order to build resilience and ones own autonomy.
(636) 466-8652 View (636) 466-8652
Photo of Rachel Kappelmann, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
Rachel Kappelmann
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, MO 63304  (Online Only)
The plan we have for our lives doesn't always align with how it is playing out. Life transitions, choices, circumstances outside of our control shape our lives and before we know it, we are on a different route completely. Enter depression, anxiety, stress, ruminating thoughts, poor self image, fear of failing, the list goes on. Therapy is a supportive environment to sort it out and identify steps to move forward with the life you want.
The plan we have for our lives doesn't always align with how it is playing out. Life transitions, choices, circumstances outside of our control shape our lives and before we know it, we are on a different route completely. Enter depression, anxiety, stress, ruminating thoughts, poor self image, fear of failing, the list goes on. Therapy is a supportive environment to sort it out and identify steps to move forward with the life you want.
(636) 324-8311 View (636) 324-8311
Photo of Lynda Bankston, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
Lynda Bankston
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, MO 63303
Individual/ Couples/ Family/ Adolescent Therapeutic Sessions Available! Are you Angry and don't know why? Are you dealing with Depression and Anxiety? Are you Dealing with Addiction? Do you have marriage or relationship problems and just don't know what to do? Are you stressed out and don't know how to sort things out? Call today and let's figure things out. Don't wait for things to get better on there own. Call now so we can start you in a new direction. Make Your Mental Health a PRIORITY **Offering Evening and Weekend Appointments**
Individual/ Couples/ Family/ Adolescent Therapeutic Sessions Available! Are you Angry and don't know why? Are you dealing with Depression and Anxiety? Are you Dealing with Addiction? Do you have marriage or relationship problems and just don't know what to do? Are you stressed out and don't know how to sort things out? Call today and let's figure things out. Don't wait for things to get better on there own. Call now so we can start you in a new direction. Make Your Mental Health a PRIORITY **Offering Evening and Weekend Appointments**
(636) 685-2097 View (636) 685-2097
Photo of Katelyn Isaak, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Charles, MO
Katelyn Isaak
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, MO 63304
Are you struggling to just make it by? Are you experiencing anxiety and the longing for things to get better? The good news is, that change is possible for all of us. I am here to help you take the steps through those times of suffering. I desire to help you learn how to navigate these emotions and for you to come to a place where you can truly see and love yourself for exactly who you are. I desire for you to be able to walk out the door and recognize you have grown as a person.
Are you struggling to just make it by? Are you experiencing anxiety and the longing for things to get better? The good news is, that change is possible for all of us. I am here to help you take the steps through those times of suffering. I desire to help you learn how to navigate these emotions and for you to come to a place where you can truly see and love yourself for exactly who you are. I desire for you to be able to walk out the door and recognize you have grown as a person.
View
Photo of Kayla Burton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
Kayla Burton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Charles, MO 63303
Are you feeling overwhelmed, over worked or unable to focus? Struggling with healthy boundaries, self-esteem and making changes? Are you looking for someone to help guide you through this process of making wanted changes mentally and physically? I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and it would be my privilege to help assist you in the process.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, over worked or unable to focus? Struggling with healthy boundaries, self-esteem and making changes? Are you looking for someone to help guide you through this process of making wanted changes mentally and physically? I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and it would be my privilege to help assist you in the process.
(636) 238-2728 View (636) 238-2728
Photo of Michelle Robb, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
Michelle Robb
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CAGCS, APLB
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Charles, MO 63301  (Online Only)
As a woman living with a life long birth defect, Spina Bifida, I have personal experience and a unique perspective on how disability can impact anxiety issues. I work with women to let them know they are not alone in their stress and anxiety, regardless of their circumstances. I also understand how debilitating grief can be and helping others in an area where there seems to be too little support and attention, the loss of our animal companion/family members, has become a passion of mine. I believe that everyone has a story and my goal is to make every woman who comes to me feel heard, validated, safe, and respected.
As a woman living with a life long birth defect, Spina Bifida, I have personal experience and a unique perspective on how disability can impact anxiety issues. I work with women to let them know they are not alone in their stress and anxiety, regardless of their circumstances. I also understand how debilitating grief can be and helping others in an area where there seems to be too little support and attention, the loss of our animal companion/family members, has become a passion of mine. I believe that everyone has a story and my goal is to make every woman who comes to me feel heard, validated, safe, and respected.
(636) 202-0837 View (636) 202-0837
Photo of Amy Henderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Charles, MO
Amy Henderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, DPC, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, MO 63301
I am passionate about delivering authentic, collaborative, direct care to clients so that they may live the lives they’ve envisioned while functioning at their highest potential. I have supported individuals in various mental health settings offering strengths-based, client-centered therapy to children, adolescents, adults, and families. Experience includes working with diverse populations across the lifespan treating a variety of life’s challenges. My current areas of focus are family and parent / child conflict, child and adolescent behaviors affecting school performance related to depression, anxiety, and life changes.
I am passionate about delivering authentic, collaborative, direct care to clients so that they may live the lives they’ve envisioned while functioning at their highest potential. I have supported individuals in various mental health settings offering strengths-based, client-centered therapy to children, adolescents, adults, and families. Experience includes working with diverse populations across the lifespan treating a variety of life’s challenges. My current areas of focus are family and parent / child conflict, child and adolescent behaviors affecting school performance related to depression, anxiety, and life changes.
(636) 242-6422 View (636) 242-6422
Photo of Nishelle Thompson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
Nishelle Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, MO 63301
Everyone deserves to have a place where they can just let it all out and not care one bit what the person across from them thinks. Clients often come to me with insecurities, low self-esteem, battling with depression, simply feeling beat up by life. I work to provide individuals, families and couples with a safe, confidential and empathetic environment where they can feel comfortable telling their truth. I am passionate about helping individuals identify the barriers preventing them from finding their life’s purpose and achieving goals they set for themselves. The therapeutic process is very difficult, as it presents many unknowns.
Everyone deserves to have a place where they can just let it all out and not care one bit what the person across from them thinks. Clients often come to me with insecurities, low self-esteem, battling with depression, simply feeling beat up by life. I work to provide individuals, families and couples with a safe, confidential and empathetic environment where they can feel comfortable telling their truth. I am passionate about helping individuals identify the barriers preventing them from finding their life’s purpose and achieving goals they set for themselves. The therapeutic process is very difficult, as it presents many unknowns.
(636) 238-2714 View (636) 238-2714
Photo of Matthew Ricks, Pastoral Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
Matthew Ricks
Pastoral Counselor, MDiv
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, MO 63301
I know that people face a wide variety of issues: marital problems, anxiety, sexuality, body-image, and so much more. I work with people of any age. The people I help need a listening ear and a different perspective. They need someone who truly cares about them and will do whatever it takes to help them. I am a Christian pastor, but I am very open to all people regardless of their identifiers. No matter what your gender or sexuality is, you will be welcomed. So, please know that you do not have to be a person of faith before I can help you. I will do everything to make you feel welcomed and accepted. www.elijahsmountaincoaching.com
I know that people face a wide variety of issues: marital problems, anxiety, sexuality, body-image, and so much more. I work with people of any age. The people I help need a listening ear and a different perspective. They need someone who truly cares about them and will do whatever it takes to help them. I am a Christian pastor, but I am very open to all people regardless of their identifiers. No matter what your gender or sexuality is, you will be welcomed. So, please know that you do not have to be a person of faith before I can help you. I will do everything to make you feel welcomed and accepted. www.elijahsmountaincoaching.com
(636) 434-2432 View (636) 434-2432
Photo of Julia Bietsch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
Julia Bietsch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, MO 63303
Can life just stop being a shit show? You work your butt off for a job that you constantly feel the "Sunday Scaries" over, you come home to a sink full of dishes and somehow twice as much laundry than what you saw the basket this morning, your mom made yet another comment about the way you choose to parent your kids, and you can’t even remember the last time you had a real, guilt-free night out. It's all starting to close in on you and you wish you could just run. It would be so easy to just run, wouldn't it?
Can life just stop being a shit show? You work your butt off for a job that you constantly feel the "Sunday Scaries" over, you come home to a sink full of dishes and somehow twice as much laundry than what you saw the basket this morning, your mom made yet another comment about the way you choose to parent your kids, and you can’t even remember the last time you had a real, guilt-free night out. It's all starting to close in on you and you wish you could just run. It would be so easy to just run, wouldn't it?
(636) 306-4502 View (636) 306-4502
Photo of Eliza Chenault, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Charles, MO
Eliza Chenault
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, MO 63303
Reaching out for help for yourself or your child is hard and scary! Life can be challenging and sometimes we need extra support to get us through life transitions or daily stressors. My role as a therapist is to help your child and family understand and process their emotions, while also providing you with skills to calm your body and mind. I enjoy incorporating play and art into sessions to give children outlets to express their thoughts and feelings when they don’t yet have the words to do so.
Reaching out for help for yourself or your child is hard and scary! Life can be challenging and sometimes we need extra support to get us through life transitions or daily stressors. My role as a therapist is to help your child and family understand and process their emotions, while also providing you with skills to calm your body and mind. I enjoy incorporating play and art into sessions to give children outlets to express their thoughts and feelings when they don’t yet have the words to do so.
(636) 597-6616 View (636) 597-6616
Photo of Erin Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
Erin Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, MO 63301
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who has been practicing in the mental health field for over 10 years. I offer a strengths-based approach to help my clients embrace the positive and overcome the negative. No matter how dark things can seem, there is always hope. I am here to help anyone struggling to overcome life's obstacles. I am trained in multiculturalism; and all of my interventions are provided in a culturally competent manner. While much of my experience involves helping marginalized groups, I gladly accept clients from all walks of life. Take a step towards a better life and schedule your free phone consultation today!
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who has been practicing in the mental health field for over 10 years. I offer a strengths-based approach to help my clients embrace the positive and overcome the negative. No matter how dark things can seem, there is always hope. I am here to help anyone struggling to overcome life's obstacles. I am trained in multiculturalism; and all of my interventions are provided in a culturally competent manner. While much of my experience involves helping marginalized groups, I gladly accept clients from all walks of life. Take a step towards a better life and schedule your free phone consultation today!
(636) 275-0683 View (636) 275-0683
Photo of Catherine L Kendrick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, MO
Catherine L Kendrick
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Charles, MO 63304  (Online Only)
Are you a mom, couple, college student or professional that is struggling to make sense of your life? Do you need help setting boundaries and making yourself a priority in your own story? When you are struggling, therapy can help you find a way forward. Life can be challenging but it doesn't have to be overwhelming! My passion is working with individuals and couples going through transitions in life. Relationships are such an integral part of life's journey; if you're experiencing difficulty in yours we might be a good fit. Now offering therapy intensives- ask about how you can feel better sooner!
Are you a mom, couple, college student or professional that is struggling to make sense of your life? Do you need help setting boundaries and making yourself a priority in your own story? When you are struggling, therapy can help you find a way forward. Life can be challenging but it doesn't have to be overwhelming! My passion is working with individuals and couples going through transitions in life. Relationships are such an integral part of life's journey; if you're experiencing difficulty in yours we might be a good fit. Now offering therapy intensives- ask about how you can feel better sooner!
(636) 306-4715 View (636) 306-4715

See more therapy options for Saint Charles

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Charles, MO

200+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Saint Charles, MO who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
83% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
63% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
76% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Charles, MO see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Charles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.