Therapists in Needham, MA

Photo of Michelle Goldberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Michelle Goldberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02492
Asking for help is the first step in taking care of oneself; something that is very difficult to do. We often struggle with our thoughts and feelings and find ourselves using unhealthy behaviors in an effort to cope with everyday life. I believe that we all want to do better and feel better in our lives and in our bodies and that we can achieve this through a positive, nonjudgmental, therapeutic connection.
Asking for help is the first step in taking care of oneself; something that is very difficult to do. We often struggle with our thoughts and feelings and find ourselves using unhealthy behaviors in an effort to cope with everyday life. I believe that we all want to do better and feel better in our lives and in our bodies and that we can achieve this through a positive, nonjudgmental, therapeutic connection.
(781) 650-9381 View (781) 650-9381
Photo of Tanya Gurevich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Tanya Gurevich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, JD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02492
Are you going through a divorce, facing a job loss or another stressful life transition? Are you seeking guidance on how to better parent your child or how to navigate a co-parenting relationship with an ex-spouse? Do you find yourself dealing with depression, anxiety, sadness or stress and are looking to talk to someone and help make sense of what you are feeling?
Are you going through a divorce, facing a job loss or another stressful life transition? Are you seeking guidance on how to better parent your child or how to navigate a co-parenting relationship with an ex-spouse? Do you find yourself dealing with depression, anxiety, sadness or stress and are looking to talk to someone and help make sense of what you are feeling?
(781) 558-9088 View (781) 558-9088
Photo of June Atkind, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
June Atkind
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02492
Learn strategies for living with less stress, and a greater sense of well-being. Excessive worry, managing work/life balance, dealing with difficult relationships, getting "unstuck" from unhealthy habits, and other challenges can be managed using effective and easy to learn principles and practices. I offer the MINDFUL LIVING WORKSHOP to bring the benefits of Mindfulness Meditation to the rest of the day.
Learn strategies for living with less stress, and a greater sense of well-being. Excessive worry, managing work/life balance, dealing with difficult relationships, getting "unstuck" from unhealthy habits, and other challenges can be managed using effective and easy to learn principles and practices. I offer the MINDFUL LIVING WORKSHOP to bring the benefits of Mindfulness Meditation to the rest of the day.
(781) 332-5494 View (781) 332-5494
Photo of Kelly Kirby, Counselor in Needham, MA
Kelly Kirby
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02492  (Online Only)
Are you desiring a new path to emerge in your life? Is there any part of you that you're ready to transmute for something brighter to take up space? If you or your loved one is ready to explore the depths of your psyche, exploring the unchartered territories of your inner world, dynamics and relationship to self and others – you are in the right place. I work with clients across the lifespan who are dealing with a spectrum of challenges, themes and patterns through addressing the emotional body to identify and treat the root cause of emotional, spiritual and energetic issues that have been embedded in your story.
Are you desiring a new path to emerge in your life? Is there any part of you that you're ready to transmute for something brighter to take up space? If you or your loved one is ready to explore the depths of your psyche, exploring the unchartered territories of your inner world, dynamics and relationship to self and others – you are in the right place. I work with clients across the lifespan who are dealing with a spectrum of challenges, themes and patterns through addressing the emotional body to identify and treat the root cause of emotional, spiritual and energetic issues that have been embedded in your story.
(781) 549-9950 View (781) 549-9950
Photo of Amanda Sabol, Counselor in Needham, MA
Amanda Sabol
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02494
Currently accepting new clients. - In my practice, I work with colleges students, adults and couples seeking support in their relationships, family dynamics, life transitions, anxiety, parenting and everyday stressors. I believe therapy is a place to learn more about ourselves to find a sense of balance and improve our quality of life. I provide a safe and compassionate space for self reflection and support clients with identifying their own strengths, hidden child wounds, boundaries and self care strategies for overall growth and wellbeing.
Currently accepting new clients. - In my practice, I work with colleges students, adults and couples seeking support in their relationships, family dynamics, life transitions, anxiety, parenting and everyday stressors. I believe therapy is a place to learn more about ourselves to find a sense of balance and improve our quality of life. I provide a safe and compassionate space for self reflection and support clients with identifying their own strengths, hidden child wounds, boundaries and self care strategies for overall growth and wellbeing.
(857) 342-9911 View (857) 342-9911
Photo of Pediatric Psychological Services, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Pediatric Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494
I am a developmental neuropsychologist who specializes in diagnostic evaluations and therapy with infants, toddlers, preschool and school aged children (ages 0-10). I believe that a thorough neuropsychological evaluation leads to proper intervention which can help a child overcome a wide range of developmental, behavioral, and learning problems. I will walk you hand in hand through the evaluation and treatment process and follow your child over time to ensure that he/she makes progress and doesn't "fall through the cracks." I will develop a treatment plan for your child and help parents, providers, and teachers put services into place and recommendations into action.
I am a developmental neuropsychologist who specializes in diagnostic evaluations and therapy with infants, toddlers, preschool and school aged children (ages 0-10). I believe that a thorough neuropsychological evaluation leads to proper intervention which can help a child overcome a wide range of developmental, behavioral, and learning problems. I will walk you hand in hand through the evaluation and treatment process and follow your child over time to ensure that he/she makes progress and doesn't "fall through the cracks." I will develop a treatment plan for your child and help parents, providers, and teachers put services into place and recommendations into action.
(781) 476-5445 View (781) 476-5445
Photo of Raven Anne Register, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Raven Anne Register
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02492
Not accepting new clients
Finding the right therapist with whom to create a strong therapeutic alliance is paramount to success. I work with my clients in a framework of compassion, honesty, trust and safety. Together we will identify your goals, empower you to change what you can in your life and to learn acceptance, not passive resignation, for that which you can not change. Carl Jung put it best, “I am not what happened to me, I am what I choose to become”.
Finding the right therapist with whom to create a strong therapeutic alliance is paramount to success. I work with my clients in a framework of compassion, honesty, trust and safety. Together we will identify your goals, empower you to change what you can in your life and to learn acceptance, not passive resignation, for that which you can not change. Carl Jung put it best, “I am not what happened to me, I am what I choose to become”.
(781) 343-7374 View (781) 343-7374
Photo of Mya Fonarov, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Mya Fonarov
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02492  (Online Only)
I provide therapy to adolescents and adults struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, addictions, grief, post-partum depression, pregnancy loss, infertility, eating disorders, relationship problems, family issues, academic and occupational stress, life transitions, and physical illness. My background is eclectic. I have a masters degree in social work, education, and engineering. I also am a certified yoga teacher which I incorporate into my practice through mindfulness and relaxation techniques. I love to learn and always pursue advanced trainings to stay current in my practice. I am passionate and committed to my work with clients; it has enriched and deepened my life.
I provide therapy to adolescents and adults struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, addictions, grief, post-partum depression, pregnancy loss, infertility, eating disorders, relationship problems, family issues, academic and occupational stress, life transitions, and physical illness. My background is eclectic. I have a masters degree in social work, education, and engineering. I also am a certified yoga teacher which I incorporate into my practice through mindfulness and relaxation techniques. I love to learn and always pursue advanced trainings to stay current in my practice. I am passionate and committed to my work with clients; it has enriched and deepened my life.
(617) 446-3077 View (617) 446-3077
Photo of Carmine DiChiara, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Carmine DiChiara
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494
Many people find me because something they are doing has become larger than they want it to be and is no longer working. It could be technology use (my special interest), substance use, pornography, working, or gambling, among many other things. Often these behaviors show up when people are experiencing stress, interpersonal conflict, insomnia, sadness, anxiety, existential crises, self-doubt, self-criticism, or the pain of high self-expectations, and so our work focuses upon these topics as well. I work with teenagers and adults in individual therapy, including some joint family or couple sessions as needed to support loved ones.
Many people find me because something they are doing has become larger than they want it to be and is no longer working. It could be technology use (my special interest), substance use, pornography, working, or gambling, among many other things. Often these behaviors show up when people are experiencing stress, interpersonal conflict, insomnia, sadness, anxiety, existential crises, self-doubt, self-criticism, or the pain of high self-expectations, and so our work focuses upon these topics as well. I work with teenagers and adults in individual therapy, including some joint family or couple sessions as needed to support loved ones.
(781) 230-6630 View (781) 230-6630
Photo of Christer Larsson, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Christer Larsson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02492  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with boys and men in individual, as well as in family therapy, with a particular focus on depression, anxiety, and PTSD. I am deeply committed to human growth and development, and will in an engaging and interactive psychotherapy work with you to clearly define your goals with the expectation of reducing the depression, anxiety, or other difficulties that you want to be free from. This therapeutic approach can best be described as collaborative, cognitive-behavioral, experiential, strength-based, mindfulness-based, practice- based, and goal-oriented. Feel free to contact me.
I specialize in working with boys and men in individual, as well as in family therapy, with a particular focus on depression, anxiety, and PTSD. I am deeply committed to human growth and development, and will in an engaging and interactive psychotherapy work with you to clearly define your goals with the expectation of reducing the depression, anxiety, or other difficulties that you want to be free from. This therapeutic approach can best be described as collaborative, cognitive-behavioral, experiential, strength-based, mindfulness-based, practice- based, and goal-oriented. Feel free to contact me.
(857) 230-0421 View (857) 230-0421
Photo of Amisha Raja, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Amisha Raja
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02492  (Online Only)
(I AM accepting new patients at this time. Private Pay or BCBS only) I value and respect diversity. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life and believe we have much to learn from each other. Through Telehealth and in person services, I have been working with clients with a diverse range of needs. My immediate focus is on establishing a trusting relationship with clients and working together to address whatever clients are struggling with in their lives. I value collaboration, focusing on strengths, and utilizing those strengths to overcome difficulties.
(I AM accepting new patients at this time. Private Pay or BCBS only) I value and respect diversity. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life and believe we have much to learn from each other. Through Telehealth and in person services, I have been working with clients with a diverse range of needs. My immediate focus is on establishing a trusting relationship with clients and working together to address whatever clients are struggling with in their lives. I value collaboration, focusing on strengths, and utilizing those strengths to overcome difficulties.
(339) 777-6089 View (339) 777-6089
Photo of Lindsey Polishook Sherer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Lindsey Polishook Sherer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm Lindsey Sherer, a licensed clinical social worker based in Massachusetts. I'm thrilled to welcome you to my private practice. I have more than 10 years of experience helping my clients navigate challenges involving uncomfortable feelings that arise during life's many peaks, valleys, and the shades of grey in between. I pride myself on creating a warm and empathetic environment for therapy, which facilitates self-discovery and growth.
Hi! I'm Lindsey Sherer, a licensed clinical social worker based in Massachusetts. I'm thrilled to welcome you to my private practice. I have more than 10 years of experience helping my clients navigate challenges involving uncomfortable feelings that arise during life's many peaks, valleys, and the shades of grey in between. I pride myself on creating a warm and empathetic environment for therapy, which facilitates self-discovery and growth.
(781) 303-9664 View (781) 303-9664
Photo of Rachel Sletzinger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Rachel Sletzinger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02492
New openings for teens! Is your child or teen currently struggling with anxiety and is this impacting their overall well-being at home, school, or in the community? My goal is to create a safe space for clients to feel valued, heard, learn new skills, and come together to build on each other's strengths. I provide clinical services to children, teens, & young adults who have all different types of learning styles. I also specialize in supporting Autistic and other neurodivergent children, adolescents, & young adults (this includes support around the guardianship process). If this resonates with you, I would love to help!
New openings for teens! Is your child or teen currently struggling with anxiety and is this impacting their overall well-being at home, school, or in the community? My goal is to create a safe space for clients to feel valued, heard, learn new skills, and come together to build on each other's strengths. I provide clinical services to children, teens, & young adults who have all different types of learning styles. I also specialize in supporting Autistic and other neurodivergent children, adolescents, & young adults (this includes support around the guardianship process). If this resonates with you, I would love to help!
(617) 829-9293 x3 View (617) 829-9293 x3
Photo of Julia Berkman, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Julia Berkman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02494
I am a thoughtful, warm professional with a good sense of humor. My primary training is in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which I integrate with other treatment modalities. I work well with both children and adults, tailoring my approach to meet the individual needs of my clients. My aim is to provide a supportive atmosphere where clients can work towards their goals, while learning practical strategies and skills that offer relief.
I am a thoughtful, warm professional with a good sense of humor. My primary training is in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which I integrate with other treatment modalities. I work well with both children and adults, tailoring my approach to meet the individual needs of my clients. My aim is to provide a supportive atmosphere where clients can work towards their goals, while learning practical strategies and skills that offer relief.
(781) 995-3545 View (781) 995-3545
Photo of Dania B Gaffin, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Dania B Gaffin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02492
I specialize in conducting neuropsychological evaluations for children and adolescents, ages 6 to 22. I am currently only taking clients for evaluations. The evaluations I conduct are invaluable to parents who are trying to understand their child's learning style and their learning strengths and weaknesses. Often, parents seek my help when they are concerned about their child's ability to achieve his/her potential in school and/or regulate his/her behaviors or emotions. My reports have been crucial tools for many parents in securing academic accommodations for their children both in the state of Massachusetts and elsewhere.
I specialize in conducting neuropsychological evaluations for children and adolescents, ages 6 to 22. I am currently only taking clients for evaluations. The evaluations I conduct are invaluable to parents who are trying to understand their child's learning style and their learning strengths and weaknesses. Often, parents seek my help when they are concerned about their child's ability to achieve his/her potential in school and/or regulate his/her behaviors or emotions. My reports have been crucial tools for many parents in securing academic accommodations for their children both in the state of Massachusetts and elsewhere.
(781) 476-5386 View (781) 476-5386
Photo of Judith A. Swack in Needham, MA
Judith A. Swack
PhD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02492
I believe we all have a soul that is radiant and beautiful. Our souls are currently embodied in human form for two reasons: to manifest our soul mission and to experience the fullness of life. If you are not on track with your soul mission or are not getting the desired results in some area of your life, then there must be some type of interference pattern causing a misalignment between the conscious, unconscious, body and/or soul levels. The methodology I developed, Healing from the Body Level Up, clears these interference patterns from all levels quickly, painlessly and permanently.
I believe we all have a soul that is radiant and beautiful. Our souls are currently embodied in human form for two reasons: to manifest our soul mission and to experience the fullness of life. If you are not on track with your soul mission or are not getting the desired results in some area of your life, then there must be some type of interference pattern causing a misalignment between the conscious, unconscious, body and/or soul levels. The methodology I developed, Healing from the Body Level Up, clears these interference patterns from all levels quickly, painlessly and permanently.
(781) 236-3467 View (781) 236-3467
Photo of Abigail Blackburn Psy.d., Psychologist in Needham, MA
Abigail Blackburn Psy.d.
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
My practice is made up of thoughtful, resilient, hardworking people who come to therapy with presenting problems of anxiety and low self-esteem. It is common for these clients to be "everybody's therapist," giving great advice and support to others that they don't take themselves. Often, these folks find themselves in relationships where they feel nervous or insecure, unable to assert their needs and feelings for fear of alienating people they love. As a result, their attachments are often anxious, unstable and confusing.
My practice is made up of thoughtful, resilient, hardworking people who come to therapy with presenting problems of anxiety and low self-esteem. It is common for these clients to be "everybody's therapist," giving great advice and support to others that they don't take themselves. Often, these folks find themselves in relationships where they feel nervous or insecure, unable to assert their needs and feelings for fear of alienating people they love. As a result, their attachments are often anxious, unstable and confusing.
(781) 253-8498 View (781) 253-8498
Photo of Alison Ratner Mayer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Alison Ratner Mayer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02492
At Child Therapy Boston, we have a passion for working with children, teens, siblings, families and groups. We are confident that we can help individuals and families struggling with diagnoses including ADHD, Anxiety, Mood Disorders, Depression, Developmental Disabilities, Oppositional Defiance Disorder, and Attachment. We enjoy working with clients who are struggling with self-esteem, family relationships, grief and loss, bullying, life transitions, and stress management. We also offer specialized counseling for LGBTQIA+ youth.
At Child Therapy Boston, we have a passion for working with children, teens, siblings, families and groups. We are confident that we can help individuals and families struggling with diagnoses including ADHD, Anxiety, Mood Disorders, Depression, Developmental Disabilities, Oppositional Defiance Disorder, and Attachment. We enjoy working with clients who are struggling with self-esteem, family relationships, grief and loss, bullying, life transitions, and stress management. We also offer specialized counseling for LGBTQIA+ youth.
(781) 471-4302 View (781) 471-4302
Photo of Jenn Pontillo, Counselor in Needham, MA
Jenn Pontillo
Counselor, LMHC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
Hi! Morning availability via telehealth- private pay, & superbills. Licensed in MA/RI/VT. My practice includes adults, emerging adults, educators, and healthcare professionals. My clients typically identify feelings of anxiety, depression, and uncertainty during life transitions. They are motivated, insightful, and seeking ways to regulate and process emotions. I provide support and guidance so that you are empowered to live a full, joyful, and authentic life. I lead with compassion, empathy, humor, and care. Creating a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for clients to share their story is incredibly important.
Hi! Morning availability via telehealth- private pay, & superbills. Licensed in MA/RI/VT. My practice includes adults, emerging adults, educators, and healthcare professionals. My clients typically identify feelings of anxiety, depression, and uncertainty during life transitions. They are motivated, insightful, and seeking ways to regulate and process emotions. I provide support and guidance so that you are empowered to live a full, joyful, and authentic life. I lead with compassion, empathy, humor, and care. Creating a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for clients to share their story is incredibly important.
(781) 210-8151 View (781) 210-8151
Photo of Sedgie Najarian, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Sedgie Najarian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02492
Waitlist for new clients
Is your child or teen struggling at home or at school and you feel they would benefit from talking to somebody? Are you looking for a welcoming, comfortable space for your child or teen to find support and learn new skills to help them cope with life's challenges?
Is your child or teen struggling at home or at school and you feel they would benefit from talking to somebody? Are you looking for a welcoming, comfortable space for your child or teen to find support and learn new skills to help them cope with life's challenges?
(617) 941-9235 x4 View (617) 941-9235 x4

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Needham, MA

200+

Average cost per session

$195

Therapists in Needham, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
82% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress
55% Parenting

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% BlueCross and BlueShield
41% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
41% Optum

How Therapists in Needham, MA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Needham?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.