Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

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Photo of Simon Everest, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Saint Paul, MN
Simon Everest
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55105
Letting a therapist in on the difficulty in your life can be vulnerable and scary. I strive to create a safe place for couples and relationships to explore themselves and to find a new way of being that feels deeply authentic and connected. My therapeutic approach is to be collaborative, sensitive, sometimes silly, and always genuine. I would love to connect!
Letting a therapist in on the difficulty in your life can be vulnerable and scary. I strive to create a safe place for couples and relationships to explore themselves and to find a new way of being that feels deeply authentic and connected. My therapeutic approach is to be collaborative, sensitive, sometimes silly, and always genuine. I would love to connect!
(651) 505-5521 View (651) 505-5521
Photo of Jennifer Reddig, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Jennifer Reddig
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Not accepting new clients
I am most interested in working with members of the LGBTQIA+ community, providing safe, respectful, and culturally responsive care. I have a strong interest in the experience of minority communities, intersectionality, trauma, grief and bereavement, building healthy relationships, and teaching skills around self-advocacy and boundaries. I also enjoy providing therapy for other therapists; it is so important for us to care for ourselves so we can show up effectively for our clients.
I am most interested in working with members of the LGBTQIA+ community, providing safe, respectful, and culturally responsive care. I have a strong interest in the experience of minority communities, intersectionality, trauma, grief and bereavement, building healthy relationships, and teaching skills around self-advocacy and boundaries. I also enjoy providing therapy for other therapists; it is so important for us to care for ourselves so we can show up effectively for our clients.
(651) 412-7857 View (651) 412-7857
Photo of Maya Mineoi, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Maya Mineoi
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MHP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I accept out of pocket payment only, no insurance at this time. I come from a lineage of gardeners and musicians. I bring their values of creativity, attentiveness and slowing down into sessions. Because of my life experiences, it is important that any client I meet with supports racial justice and queer liberation. It gives me life to connect around finding moments of freedom, masking our differences, less and less.
I accept out of pocket payment only, no insurance at this time. I come from a lineage of gardeners and musicians. I bring their values of creativity, attentiveness and slowing down into sessions. Because of my life experiences, it is important that any client I meet with supports racial justice and queer liberation. It gives me life to connect around finding moments of freedom, masking our differences, less and less.
(651) 615-3484 View (651) 615-3484
Photo of Alyssa Haggerty, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Alyssa Haggerty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I am passionate about meeting people right where they are emotionally, mentally, and spiritually. Many clients who felt anxious about beginning therapy have expressed how quickly they felt comfortable with me. I consider it a great privilege to work with individuals and families during formative years of growth and transition. My goal is to provide a safe environment that is both supportive and challenging.
I am passionate about meeting people right where they are emotionally, mentally, and spiritually. Many clients who felt anxious about beginning therapy have expressed how quickly they felt comfortable with me. I consider it a great privilege to work with individuals and families during formative years of growth and transition. My goal is to provide a safe environment that is both supportive and challenging.
(612) 756-8462 View (612) 756-8462
Photo of Peter Meilahn, MA, LPCC, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Peter Meilahn, MA, LPCC
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
My clients can change anxiety, ADHD, autism, or pain with live heart and brain feedback called biofeedback or neurofeedback in online visits. Clients control music volume on their phones with their calm attention levels with free biofeedback equipment I provide. It is easy mindfulness therapy for kids and adults. It is proven to work as well as medication for anxiety, ADHD, and pain. I have years of experience as a therapist, and have taught clinicians at The University of MN Medical Center and elsewhere. Insurance covers this service. To schedule a 20 minute call, click here: https://neurotherapy.intakeq.com/booking
My clients can change anxiety, ADHD, autism, or pain with live heart and brain feedback called biofeedback or neurofeedback in online visits. Clients control music volume on their phones with their calm attention levels with free biofeedback equipment I provide. It is easy mindfulness therapy for kids and adults. It is proven to work as well as medication for anxiety, ADHD, and pain. I have years of experience as a therapist, and have taught clinicians at The University of MN Medical Center and elsewhere. Insurance covers this service. To schedule a 20 minute call, click here: https://neurotherapy.intakeq.com/booking
(612) 351-4958 View (612) 351-4958
Photo of Julia Hutchinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Julia Hutchinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I specialize in providing individual, couples and family therapy to young and emerging adults (18-35+ years old), though I work with adults along the age spectrum (18+). My work focuses on anxiety and stress management, communication skills, personal identity, relationship building, sexuality, life transitions, traumatic experiences, and goal setting. I bring in an understanding of the somatic (body based) experience and the relationship between the mind and body in our health and healing. I am a gender affirming, sex /sexuality positive, body positive provider who uses a variety of client centered approaches in my work.
I specialize in providing individual, couples and family therapy to young and emerging adults (18-35+ years old), though I work with adults along the age spectrum (18+). My work focuses on anxiety and stress management, communication skills, personal identity, relationship building, sexuality, life transitions, traumatic experiences, and goal setting. I bring in an understanding of the somatic (body based) experience and the relationship between the mind and body in our health and healing. I am a gender affirming, sex /sexuality positive, body positive provider who uses a variety of client centered approaches in my work.
(651) 565-6370 View (651) 565-6370
Photo of Jo Kurzmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Jo Kurzmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55117  (Online Only)
I work with teens and adults, providing individual, couples, family, and group therapy. My specialties include working with the challenges of chemical dependency issues and other addictive behaviors such as shopping, eating disorders, and gambling. I help facilitate healing for people suffering from PTSD and trauma as the result of physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect. I provide an empathic and relational experience to assist with the challenging and sometimes debilitating effects of anxiety, depression, dissociation, self-harm behaviors, and chronic pain.
I work with teens and adults, providing individual, couples, family, and group therapy. My specialties include working with the challenges of chemical dependency issues and other addictive behaviors such as shopping, eating disorders, and gambling. I help facilitate healing for people suffering from PTSD and trauma as the result of physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect. I provide an empathic and relational experience to assist with the challenging and sometimes debilitating effects of anxiety, depression, dissociation, self-harm behaviors, and chronic pain.
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Photo of Marina Himmer, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Marina Himmer
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55108
Life can be challenging when we experience adjustments, trials and loses, causing us to experience loneliness, conflicting emotions, anxiety, depression or simply feeling something is missing in our lives. Therapy can provide a way out by integrating a mind/body/spirit connection to help you return to wellness. It requires great courage taking the first step to reach out. I would be honored if you allow me to walk alongside to unlock your full potential. I strive to follow your lead and adapt to your personal style and needs and together, create a safe and nurturing environment. Hablo nativo Español al 100% y me encantaria servirte!
Life can be challenging when we experience adjustments, trials and loses, causing us to experience loneliness, conflicting emotions, anxiety, depression or simply feeling something is missing in our lives. Therapy can provide a way out by integrating a mind/body/spirit connection to help you return to wellness. It requires great courage taking the first step to reach out. I would be honored if you allow me to walk alongside to unlock your full potential. I strive to follow your lead and adapt to your personal style and needs and together, create a safe and nurturing environment. Hablo nativo Español al 100% y me encantaria servirte!
(651) 439-2059 View (651) 439-2059
Photo of Susan Bollinger-Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Susan Bollinger-Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Not accepting new clients
Free Bird's mission is to ensure that someone is there to support you through your unique life challenges and triumphs. Adjusting to life transitions and life changes, often cause past adverse and traumatic experiences to resurface. Free Bird's therapist is a clinical social worker trained to provide psychotherapy to a wide variety of individuals, couples/partners, groups, families, and concerned others. Free Bird psychotherapists have a keen awareness of trauma and adverse experiences.
Free Bird's mission is to ensure that someone is there to support you through your unique life challenges and triumphs. Adjusting to life transitions and life changes, often cause past adverse and traumatic experiences to resurface. Free Bird's therapist is a clinical social worker trained to provide psychotherapy to a wide variety of individuals, couples/partners, groups, families, and concerned others. Free Bird psychotherapists have a keen awareness of trauma and adverse experiences.
(651) 448-4033 View (651) 448-4033
Photo of Kate Hanten, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Kate Hanten
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
Are you weighed down by feelings of overwhelm, depression, and anxiety, struggling to cope with daily life's demands? Does constant worry or sadness affect your relationships and daily functioning? Despite seeming put-together externally, you might feel empty inside, battling through each day. If this strikes a chord with you, seeking support could be beneficial. Together, we can confront these challenges head-on, finding ways to manage your emotions and rediscover inner peace and purpose. Whether it's forging a new path, processing past experiences, or overcoming present hurdles, I'm here to provide guidance and empathy.
Are you weighed down by feelings of overwhelm, depression, and anxiety, struggling to cope with daily life's demands? Does constant worry or sadness affect your relationships and daily functioning? Despite seeming put-together externally, you might feel empty inside, battling through each day. If this strikes a chord with you, seeking support could be beneficial. Together, we can confront these challenges head-on, finding ways to manage your emotions and rediscover inner peace and purpose. Whether it's forging a new path, processing past experiences, or overcoming present hurdles, I'm here to provide guidance and empathy.
(800) 945-2401 View (800) 945-2401
Photo of Alissa Peanasky in Saint Paul, MN
Alissa Peanasky
MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55130
Waitlist for new clients
I received my masters in social work from the University of St. Thomas and have spent my career working with youth and adolescent clients. Using an individualized approach, I work with clients with a variety of developmental disabilities and severe and persistent mental illnesses. This includes Autism Spectrum Disorder, mood disorders, and impulse control disorders.
I received my masters in social work from the University of St. Thomas and have spent my career working with youth and adolescent clients. Using an individualized approach, I work with clients with a variety of developmental disabilities and severe and persistent mental illnesses. This includes Autism Spectrum Disorder, mood disorders, and impulse control disorders.
(651) 412-2833 View (651) 412-2833
Photo of Pamela Reed, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Pamela Reed
Counselor, MA, LPCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55105
I believe that genuine presence, authentic connection, and a welcoming sense of curiosity, inspires each client to recover and overcome. I hold genuine and positive regard for my clients which enables me to encourage and support them as they come to understand the origins of their challenges and how to meet and transform them. I counsel individuals (ages 17 and up). My practice focuses on transitions, trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, loss, spirituality and meaning and highly sensitive persons (HSPs). My commitment is to discover the strengths and gifts of each client so they may discover their true self.
I believe that genuine presence, authentic connection, and a welcoming sense of curiosity, inspires each client to recover and overcome. I hold genuine and positive regard for my clients which enables me to encourage and support them as they come to understand the origins of their challenges and how to meet and transform them. I counsel individuals (ages 17 and up). My practice focuses on transitions, trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, loss, spirituality and meaning and highly sensitive persons (HSPs). My commitment is to discover the strengths and gifts of each client so they may discover their true self.
(612) 261-1720 View (612) 261-1720
Photo of Reuben Houser, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Reuben Houser
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
I help men and the conflict-avoidant transform their relationships. My clients feel so angry they could explode or so defeated they are shutting down completely. In relationships they often hear themselves saying things like: “I don’t know how it got here,” “Things weren’t perfect but I didn’t think it was this bad,” and “I’ve tried so hard but nothing seems to work.” Their inner messages often sound like: “I just feel numb,” “I get so afraid to do anything, whatever I do will be wrong,” and “I can never get it right, so I just give up and be quiet.”
I help men and the conflict-avoidant transform their relationships. My clients feel so angry they could explode or so defeated they are shutting down completely. In relationships they often hear themselves saying things like: “I don’t know how it got here,” “Things weren’t perfect but I didn’t think it was this bad,” and “I’ve tried so hard but nothing seems to work.” Their inner messages often sound like: “I just feel numb,” “I get so afraid to do anything, whatever I do will be wrong,” and “I can never get it right, so I just give up and be quiet.”
(651) 240-6430 View (651) 240-6430
Photo of Zoe Slaughter, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Zoe Slaughter
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55105  (Online Only)
I firmly believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship. I aim to create a warm and judgment-free zone by utilizing a person-centered approach with a social justice lens, Health at Every Size principles, humor, and an array of mindfulness, self-care, and self-compassion tools. I believe the therapeutic relationship is a partnership that learns and grows together. I consider my therapeutic approach laidback, informal, compassionate and full of curiosity. As we work together I hope to help provide you with insight, gain life/coping skills, and encourage exploring what you need to live a fulfilled and authentic life.
I firmly believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship. I aim to create a warm and judgment-free zone by utilizing a person-centered approach with a social justice lens, Health at Every Size principles, humor, and an array of mindfulness, self-care, and self-compassion tools. I believe the therapeutic relationship is a partnership that learns and grows together. I consider my therapeutic approach laidback, informal, compassionate and full of curiosity. As we work together I hope to help provide you with insight, gain life/coping skills, and encourage exploring what you need to live a fulfilled and authentic life.
(612) 421-8847 View (612) 421-8847
Photo of Josie Ridpath, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Josie Ridpath
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with adolescent individuals who experience relationship challenges, difficulty regulating emotions, a desire to build effective coping skills, challenges in managing anxiety, anger, depression, and trauma symptoms, as well as other stressors that arise during this time in life. Lastly, I enjoy working with moms as they adjust to motherhood, navigating postpartum, adapt to the demands of parenthood, and caregivers wishing to tend to their own mental health to be present for their family and themselves. This may include managing anxiety, worry, and/or personal experiences to be available to your loved ones.
I enjoy working with adolescent individuals who experience relationship challenges, difficulty regulating emotions, a desire to build effective coping skills, challenges in managing anxiety, anger, depression, and trauma symptoms, as well as other stressors that arise during this time in life. Lastly, I enjoy working with moms as they adjust to motherhood, navigating postpartum, adapt to the demands of parenthood, and caregivers wishing to tend to their own mental health to be present for their family and themselves. This may include managing anxiety, worry, and/or personal experiences to be available to your loved ones.
(651) 412-7674 View (651) 412-7674
Photo of Karl Thomas, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Saint Paul, MN
Karl Thomas
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Now accepting new clients! I specialize in individuals and couples to address depression, anxiety, trauma, and parenting issues.
Now accepting new clients! I specialize in individuals and couples to address depression, anxiety, trauma, and parenting issues.
(651) 424-0279 View (651) 424-0279
Photo of Paul Strickland, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Paul Strickland
Psychologist, MA, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I have been a licensed psychologist for over twenty years. In addition, I've worked as a career counselor for over thirty. I specialize in the areas of life and work transitions, career development and change, and related challenges. Most people seek counseling around the issue of change. Sometimes it's a desire to discover or move toward a specific or general destination. Or, it can be about dealing with unexpected changes that have occurred and now have to be dealt with. My goal is to respectfully assist the people I work with deal with those changes.
I have been a licensed psychologist for over twenty years. In addition, I've worked as a career counselor for over thirty. I specialize in the areas of life and work transitions, career development and change, and related challenges. Most people seek counseling around the issue of change. Sometimes it's a desire to discover or move toward a specific or general destination. Or, it can be about dealing with unexpected changes that have occurred and now have to be dealt with. My goal is to respectfully assist the people I work with deal with those changes.
(651) 964-6160 View (651) 964-6160
Photo of Elliot Rose, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Elliot Rose
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Welcome! I’m Elliot, a licensed therapist and owner of Inner Space Therapy, LLC (www.innerspacetherapyllc.com). I work primarily with young adults and adults with concerns related to anxiety, stress, self-esteem, relationships, sexuality/gender, disordered eating, substance use, spirituality, and existential concerns. I have a fondness for working with LGBTQIA+ and neurodiverse folks, and enjoy exploring how our early relational experiences shape the way we show up with ourselves and others. I infuse my client interactions with compassion, empathy, and humor, while supporting clients as they work towards their goals.
Welcome! I’m Elliot, a licensed therapist and owner of Inner Space Therapy, LLC (www.innerspacetherapyllc.com). I work primarily with young adults and adults with concerns related to anxiety, stress, self-esteem, relationships, sexuality/gender, disordered eating, substance use, spirituality, and existential concerns. I have a fondness for working with LGBTQIA+ and neurodiverse folks, and enjoy exploring how our early relational experiences shape the way we show up with ourselves and others. I infuse my client interactions with compassion, empathy, and humor, while supporting clients as they work towards their goals.
(651) 800-7735 View (651) 800-7735
Photo of Brandy Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Brandy Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
How do you want to feel? How do you get there? Whether you're hoping to minimize anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, desire to explore and improve your past or current relationship patterns, need assistance navigating a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder during or after pregnancy, I offer you support, help and guidance in going from where you are to how you want to feel. I am a LBGTQ affirmative and supportive to all. Please note I offer virtual appointments only.
How do you want to feel? How do you get there? Whether you're hoping to minimize anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, desire to explore and improve your past or current relationship patterns, need assistance navigating a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder during or after pregnancy, I offer you support, help and guidance in going from where you are to how you want to feel. I am a LBGTQ affirmative and supportive to all. Please note I offer virtual appointments only.
(320) 347-3435 View (320) 347-3435
Photo of Alix Bellus, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Alix Bellus
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116
I strongly believe in the transformative power of therapy. I work with clients using curiosity and understanding to explore the roadblocks that keep them from becoming who they want to be. These roadblocks can be met with skills and tools or space to process, ultimately highlighting the client’s own ability to create change. Therapy should be unique to the individual. I am passionate about creating a collaborative therapeutic relationship, and am dedicated to finding the style of therapy that works best for each client. I use a blend of theoretical orientations and offer a direct, holistic, solution-focused lens.
I strongly believe in the transformative power of therapy. I work with clients using curiosity and understanding to explore the roadblocks that keep them from becoming who they want to be. These roadblocks can be met with skills and tools or space to process, ultimately highlighting the client’s own ability to create change. Therapy should be unique to the individual. I am passionate about creating a collaborative therapeutic relationship, and am dedicated to finding the style of therapy that works best for each client. I use a blend of theoretical orientations and offer a direct, holistic, solution-focused lens.
(952) 243-5211 x703 View (952) 243-5211 x703

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
72% UCare
68% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Saint Paul, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Paul?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.