Therapists in Canyon, CA

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Photo of Eva Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Canyon, CA
Eva Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
We learn to survive and cope with our circumstances in the best way we know how at the time. Therapy offers an opportunity to slow down and get to know what is really going on inside and to learn to listen to your body's natural wisdom. I am interested in collaborating with you to explore where you're feeling stuck, confused or overwhelmed. I can help guide you to discover new, more effective ways of showing up for yourself and in your relationships. My own love of nature and mindfulness meditation practice informs much of my work with clients.
We learn to survive and cope with our circumstances in the best way we know how at the time. Therapy offers an opportunity to slow down and get to know what is really going on inside and to learn to listen to your body's natural wisdom. I am interested in collaborating with you to explore where you're feeling stuck, confused or overwhelmed. I can help guide you to discover new, more effective ways of showing up for yourself and in your relationships. My own love of nature and mindfulness meditation practice informs much of my work with clients.
(510) 788-2709 View (510) 788-2709
Photo of Alex Black, Marriage & Family Therapist in Canyon, CA
Alex Black
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Make therapy a gift to yourself and the journey of a lifetime. Experience the therapeutic process as an exploration into a landscape full of your own creative capacities, strengths, and dreams that already exist. Replace out-dated belief systems with new ones that better reflect your current, authentic self. Continue the process of growing into the person you believe yourself to be. Move from the victim to the empowered. I work in collaborative ways with you, helping to identifying assumptions, thoughts, and beliefs that are keeping you from the experiences, relationships, and life that you want.
Make therapy a gift to yourself and the journey of a lifetime. Experience the therapeutic process as an exploration into a landscape full of your own creative capacities, strengths, and dreams that already exist. Replace out-dated belief systems with new ones that better reflect your current, authentic self. Continue the process of growing into the person you believe yourself to be. Move from the victim to the empowered. I work in collaborative ways with you, helping to identifying assumptions, thoughts, and beliefs that are keeping you from the experiences, relationships, and life that you want.
(510) 250-3293 View (510) 250-3293
Photo of Ariana Ortega, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Canyon, CA
Ariana Ortega
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Life situations can sometimes be extremely difficult, and counseling can be a helpful tool in progressing beyond and through certain challenges. Helping clients to develop healthy coping and problem-solving skills is my specialty. My areas of interest are relationships, attachments, families, grief, personal growth and resiliency. I specialize in treating all types of trauma, stress, anxiety, depression and an array of issues that influence mood, functioning and self-worth. I take a person-centered approach in working with each individual.
Life situations can sometimes be extremely difficult, and counseling can be a helpful tool in progressing beyond and through certain challenges. Helping clients to develop healthy coping and problem-solving skills is my specialty. My areas of interest are relationships, attachments, families, grief, personal growth and resiliency. I specialize in treating all types of trauma, stress, anxiety, depression and an array of issues that influence mood, functioning and self-worth. I take a person-centered approach in working with each individual.
(510) 439-9703 View (510) 439-9703
Photo of Dawn Shifreen-Pomerantz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Canyon, CA
Dawn Shifreen-Pomerantz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, Psychoa
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
I believe patients come to us because they feel grief, anxiety, depression and traumatized or alienated from themselves and others. The suffering you experience comes in many forms and you do not always have the words to say what you feel. I specialize in working with adults and adolescents whom have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, creative blocks, ADHD, chronic somatic pains and/or are experiencing grief and loss. I also work with couples and families. I have a specialization in expressive arts therapy and sandtray for those who may have difficulty expressing their feelings, memories and experiences through verbal means.
I believe patients come to us because they feel grief, anxiety, depression and traumatized or alienated from themselves and others. The suffering you experience comes in many forms and you do not always have the words to say what you feel. I specialize in working with adults and adolescents whom have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, creative blocks, ADHD, chronic somatic pains and/or are experiencing grief and loss. I also work with couples and families. I have a specialization in expressive arts therapy and sandtray for those who may have difficulty expressing their feelings, memories and experiences through verbal means.
(925) 263-6612 View (925) 263-6612
Photo of Leslie Hemedes, Psychologist in Canyon, CA
Leslie Hemedes
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
Piedmont, CA 94611
Welcome. Do you feel stuck or overwhelmed? Do you have trouble expressing your needs? Do you put a lot of pressure on yourself, and feel anxious about not meeting your expectations? Do you feel uncertain about how to manage feelings of distress? I am a psychologist that can help guide you toward relief. I aim to help individuals understand their concerns, strengths, and help them identify the tools necessary to manage distress, push through challenges, and understand how to become the best version of themselves.
Welcome. Do you feel stuck or overwhelmed? Do you have trouble expressing your needs? Do you put a lot of pressure on yourself, and feel anxious about not meeting your expectations? Do you feel uncertain about how to manage feelings of distress? I am a psychologist that can help guide you toward relief. I aim to help individuals understand their concerns, strengths, and help them identify the tools necessary to manage distress, push through challenges, and understand how to become the best version of themselves.
(925) 807-7184 View (925) 807-7184
Photo of Alison Trules, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Canyon, CA
Alison Trules
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
If you are seeking deep personal change or going through a life transition, it may feel difficult to make choices. If you are experiencing conflict or suffering and know that something needs to change, psychotherapy will provide a structure where you can identify patterns that have previously led to unhappiness or frustration. I will help you develop new ways of understanding yourself and relating to others in your life. I am a warm, experienced and compassionate psychotherapist that will help guide you through this process of change so that you can be your most authentic self and live your life with increased comfort and meaning.
If you are seeking deep personal change or going through a life transition, it may feel difficult to make choices. If you are experiencing conflict or suffering and know that something needs to change, psychotherapy will provide a structure where you can identify patterns that have previously led to unhappiness or frustration. I will help you develop new ways of understanding yourself and relating to others in your life. I am a warm, experienced and compassionate psychotherapist that will help guide you through this process of change so that you can be your most authentic self and live your life with increased comfort and meaning.
(510) 417-3442 View (510) 417-3442
Photo of Milena Edwards, Psychologist in Canyon, CA
Milena Edwards
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Something is shifting in your life. The earth beneath you is not as stable as it once was. Maybe it's a major life transition, like going to college, getting married, moving to the Bay Area, or changing jobs. Maybe it's a loss, like a death, a divorce, a miscarriage, or leaving someone or something in your life. Or maybe this transition is harder to put your finger on...you might be feeling stuck and needing something to shift. There are many moments in life that offer an opportunity to transform, or require us to change if we are to continue growing.
Something is shifting in your life. The earth beneath you is not as stable as it once was. Maybe it's a major life transition, like going to college, getting married, moving to the Bay Area, or changing jobs. Maybe it's a loss, like a death, a divorce, a miscarriage, or leaving someone or something in your life. Or maybe this transition is harder to put your finger on...you might be feeling stuck and needing something to shift. There are many moments in life that offer an opportunity to transform, or require us to change if we are to continue growing.
(510) 462-5683 View (510) 462-5683
Photo of Gioia Schuler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Canyon, CA
Gioia Schuler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
I’m a bilingual (English/Spanish) Marriage and Family Therapist with four years of experience treating cultural diversity issues. I believe every individual is unique and finding the strength to defend that uniqueness is my goal as a clinician. Many times, we find ourselves dwelling in a place of discomfort because we are in transit, in a new position, a new career, a new family or a new country. We are living constantly transitioning from one culture to another one, through life phases, starting new traditions. My goal is helping you to succeed in your own special journey.
I’m a bilingual (English/Spanish) Marriage and Family Therapist with four years of experience treating cultural diversity issues. I believe every individual is unique and finding the strength to defend that uniqueness is my goal as a clinician. Many times, we find ourselves dwelling in a place of discomfort because we are in transit, in a new position, a new career, a new family or a new country. We are living constantly transitioning from one culture to another one, through life phases, starting new traditions. My goal is helping you to succeed in your own special journey.
(510) 726-6246 View (510) 726-6246
Photo of Anne-Marie Allerand Bloch, Psychologist in Canyon, CA
Anne-Marie Allerand Bloch
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself anxious or depressed because you are not achieving your goals? Are you "stuck" in an unsatisfying relationship? Are you repeating behaviors that are self-defeating? I have many years experience in helping people identify their true needs and change their behaviors so that they can feel in greater control of their life. It is my belief that in a compassionate and supportive setting, painful and difficult emotions can be understood and integrated into oneself, providing a greater sense of well-being.
Do you find yourself anxious or depressed because you are not achieving your goals? Are you "stuck" in an unsatisfying relationship? Are you repeating behaviors that are self-defeating? I have many years experience in helping people identify their true needs and change their behaviors so that they can feel in greater control of their life. It is my belief that in a compassionate and supportive setting, painful and difficult emotions can be understood and integrated into oneself, providing a greater sense of well-being.
(650) 209-7608 View (650) 209-7608
Photo of Jean Milam, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Canyon, CA
Jean Milam
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602
I provide a safe, warm, non-judgmental space where every part of you is welcome, the parts you know and like and those parts that you may keep hidden. Asking for help is not easy. You may have been taught that you should be able to handle difficulty by yourself, but, in fact, seeking support is the most courageous step you can take toward your own healing and emotional well-being. You don't have to experience sadness, anxiety, trauma, anger, or loss on your own.
I provide a safe, warm, non-judgmental space where every part of you is welcome, the parts you know and like and those parts that you may keep hidden. Asking for help is not easy. You may have been taught that you should be able to handle difficulty by yourself, but, in fact, seeking support is the most courageous step you can take toward your own healing and emotional well-being. You don't have to experience sadness, anxiety, trauma, anger, or loss on your own.
(510) 257-9386 View (510) 257-9386
Photo of Andrea Nelson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Canyon, CA
Andrea Nelson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
If you are struggling to find purpose and direction in your life, improve your personal relationships, find peace with food and your body, or increase self-acceptance, you’re not alone. I help teens and adults who are also anxious, depressed, or unhappy with themselves or their relationships. Some are trapped in unhealthy eating patterns or are overwhelmed with a new chapter in their lives. I’d like to help you, too.
If you are struggling to find purpose and direction in your life, improve your personal relationships, find peace with food and your body, or increase self-acceptance, you’re not alone. I help teens and adults who are also anxious, depressed, or unhappy with themselves or their relationships. Some are trapped in unhealthy eating patterns or are overwhelmed with a new chapter in their lives. I’d like to help you, too.
(510) 390-7930 View (510) 390-7930
Photo of Benjamin Tucker, Counselor in Canyon, CA
Benjamin Tucker
Counselor, MS, LPCC, BCBA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
I provide services for 3 types of issues: 1) OCD, OCD-Spectrum Disorders (e.g., Tics, hair pulling, skin picking, and hoarding), and anxiety disorders; 2) Autism of all support levels; and 3) OCD, OCD-Spectrum Disorders, and anxiety co-occuring with Autism. My work is with children, teens, and adults and I provide services in office, home, and community settings ranging from once weekly to daily sessions. I take a family-based approach when treating children and teens by giving parent and caregiver training.
I provide services for 3 types of issues: 1) OCD, OCD-Spectrum Disorders (e.g., Tics, hair pulling, skin picking, and hoarding), and anxiety disorders; 2) Autism of all support levels; and 3) OCD, OCD-Spectrum Disorders, and anxiety co-occuring with Autism. My work is with children, teens, and adults and I provide services in office, home, and community settings ranging from once weekly to daily sessions. I take a family-based approach when treating children and teens by giving parent and caregiver training.
(925) 259-3549 View (925) 259-3549
Photo of Nicole Abeleda, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Canyon, CA
Nicole Abeleda
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Hello there! I'm Nicole "Nikki" Abeleda, and I'm thrilled to connect with you. I proudly identify as a First-Generation Queer Filipinx, embracing she/they/siya pronouns. If you’re navigating the intricate intersection of mental health and identity as an LGBTQIA+, BIPOC individual, remember you’re not alone. My ideal client is someone prepared to embark on a journey of self-discovery and healing. I collaborate with those recognizing the significance of their unique narrative, eager to (re)imagine their space in the world.
Hello there! I'm Nicole "Nikki" Abeleda, and I'm thrilled to connect with you. I proudly identify as a First-Generation Queer Filipinx, embracing she/they/siya pronouns. If you’re navigating the intricate intersection of mental health and identity as an LGBTQIA+, BIPOC individual, remember you’re not alone. My ideal client is someone prepared to embark on a journey of self-discovery and healing. I collaborate with those recognizing the significance of their unique narrative, eager to (re)imagine their space in the world.
(925) 678-6511 View (925) 678-6511
Photo of Carrie Gajowski, Marriage & Family Therapist in Canyon, CA
Carrie Gajowski
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Piedmont, CA 94602  (Online Only)
Narcissistic and emotional abuse can leave us feeling confused, hurt, and desperate for answers. You may have thought you found your soulmate, but instead you find yourself in a very complicated relationship. You may feel alone and isolated, blaming yourself for how badly the relationship is going. Instead of being in this amazing relationship you thought you had signed up for, you are now studying everything you can about narcissism and narcissistic abuse. But you’re ready to make a change. You’re ready to leave this person but you don’t know how. You know deep down that it is time to do something different.
Narcissistic and emotional abuse can leave us feeling confused, hurt, and desperate for answers. You may have thought you found your soulmate, but instead you find yourself in a very complicated relationship. You may feel alone and isolated, blaming yourself for how badly the relationship is going. Instead of being in this amazing relationship you thought you had signed up for, you are now studying everything you can about narcissism and narcissistic abuse. But you’re ready to make a change. You’re ready to leave this person but you don’t know how. You know deep down that it is time to do something different.
(925) 515-5656 View (925) 515-5656
Photo of Lana Theimer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Canyon, CA
Lana Theimer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
What if we begin with the assumption that you were born to be happy, loved, prosperous and at peace? Sounds good... but then why do I hurt? Why do I struggle? Why are the inevitable changes so hard to accept? Therapy can often serve to identify the barriers to happiness and emotional well-being. Simply identifying beliefs and practices at the center of any emotional turmoil can empower you to begin living a life that you deserve. I work with individuals and couples to get to the core of their issues so that they can start leading happier lives today!
What if we begin with the assumption that you were born to be happy, loved, prosperous and at peace? Sounds good... but then why do I hurt? Why do I struggle? Why are the inevitable changes so hard to accept? Therapy can often serve to identify the barriers to happiness and emotional well-being. Simply identifying beliefs and practices at the center of any emotional turmoil can empower you to begin living a life that you deserve. I work with individuals and couples to get to the core of their issues so that they can start leading happier lives today!
(510) 493-7012 View (510) 493-7012
Photo of Dr. Amma N Hayes, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor in Canyon, CA
Dr. Amma N Hayes
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, EdD, PhD, APCC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I believe the mind and body creates extraordinary experiences that improve well-being. With therapy there is a place for recovery, resilience and well-being, in promoting the vital connection between a person’s mental health and overall wellbeing. I also provide life coaching to bridge the gap between where you are and where you want to be. Setting goals and charting progress toward these goals are crucial in attaining success.
I believe the mind and body creates extraordinary experiences that improve well-being. With therapy there is a place for recovery, resilience and well-being, in promoting the vital connection between a person’s mental health and overall wellbeing. I also provide life coaching to bridge the gap between where you are and where you want to be. Setting goals and charting progress toward these goals are crucial in attaining success.
(925) 886-4691 View (925) 886-4691
Photo of Bri Byrne, Marriage & Family Therapist in Canyon, CA
Bri Byrne
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Piedmont, CA 94618
Not accepting new clients
You've taken a big first step just by making it to this page. Even if you are just scrolling for now, good for you. Some people come to therapy to grow as a person or to build insight. Most people seek out therapy because they are in some pain. Their immediate goal is to make the pain stop as quickly as possible. I am much more interested in getting to know your pain than I am in getting rid of it ASAP. We need to know where the pain stems from, how you hide it and why it scares you. That way we aren't "fixing" your pain in this moment, but we are preparing for the next time life inevitably throws a version of that pain at you.
You've taken a big first step just by making it to this page. Even if you are just scrolling for now, good for you. Some people come to therapy to grow as a person or to build insight. Most people seek out therapy because they are in some pain. Their immediate goal is to make the pain stop as quickly as possible. I am much more interested in getting to know your pain than I am in getting rid of it ASAP. We need to know where the pain stems from, how you hide it and why it scares you. That way we aren't "fixing" your pain in this moment, but we are preparing for the next time life inevitably throws a version of that pain at you.
(925) 300-8659 View (925) 300-8659
Photo of Oakland DBT and Mindfulness Center, Marriage & Family Therapist in Canyon, CA
Oakland DBT and Mindfulness Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Not Verified Not Verified
Piedmont, CA 94618
We offer evidenced-based treatment, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for the treatment of borderline personality disorder, and other clinical symptoms. We are a team of 5 therapists intensively trained in DBT, and other modalities. We offer a comprehensive DBT program (individual therapy, skills class, consultation team, phone coaching, assessment). We have a program for adults, young adults, families and teens. We are located on Piedmont Avenue, in Oakland in the San Francisco Bay Area. Please review our website for detailed information about our intake process, skills class schedule, individual therapy, mindfulness programs, fees, etc...
We offer evidenced-based treatment, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for the treatment of borderline personality disorder, and other clinical symptoms. We are a team of 5 therapists intensively trained in DBT, and other modalities. We offer a comprehensive DBT program (individual therapy, skills class, consultation team, phone coaching, assessment). We have a program for adults, young adults, families and teens. We are located on Piedmont Avenue, in Oakland in the San Francisco Bay Area. Please review our website for detailed information about our intake process, skills class schedule, individual therapy, mindfulness programs, fees, etc...
(510) 876-9674 View (510) 876-9674
Photo of Robert A Matano, Psychologist in Canyon, CA
Robert A Matano
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Alcohol and drug problems as well as mental health issues - - anxiety, depression - - often lead to hopelessness, demoralization and isolation. My first step is to evaluate core problems collaboratively, to create a shared understanding of these issues, and then to develop a plan and solutions to deal with them.
Alcohol and drug problems as well as mental health issues - - anxiety, depression - - often lead to hopelessness, demoralization and isolation. My first step is to evaluate core problems collaboratively, to create a shared understanding of these issues, and then to develop a plan and solutions to deal with them.
(510) 275-7662 View (510) 275-7662
Photo of Dr. Sasha Guillory, Psychologist in Canyon, CA
Dr. Sasha Guillory
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Hi parents! Is your kid a little quirky, unconventional, shy, or sensitive? I have a warm and authentic approach to therapy that often appeals to young people who struggle to open up. If you are looking to support your child's mental health, functioning, and future growth I would love to help.
Hi parents! Is your kid a little quirky, unconventional, shy, or sensitive? I have a warm and authentic approach to therapy that often appeals to young people who struggle to open up. If you are looking to support your child's mental health, functioning, and future growth I would love to help.
(510) 647-6091 View (510) 647-6091

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Canyon, CA

< 10

Therapists in Canyon, CA who prioritize treating:

How Therapists in Canyon, CA see their clients

2% Online Only
1% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Canyon?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.