Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Dr. Mandy Zenda, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Mandy Zenda
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
Hello, and welcome to the private practice website of Dr. Mandy Zenda. I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of sleep difficulties such as insomnia, anxiety and stress, and mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. I practice evidence-based treatments supported by scientific research. These treatments are generally brief and provide sustained relief from distress. My approach to treatment is warm and collaborative; together we set goals and work to achieve them.
Hello, and welcome to the private practice website of Dr. Mandy Zenda. I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of sleep difficulties such as insomnia, anxiety and stress, and mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. I practice evidence-based treatments supported by scientific research. These treatments are generally brief and provide sustained relief from distress. My approach to treatment is warm and collaborative; together we set goals and work to achieve them.
(415) 366-3742 View (415) 366-3742
Photo of Yafah Sophya Franco, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Yafah Sophya Franco
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
Anxious, depressed, grief of loss of a relationship, close one, job, etc: you have come to the right place. As we all slowly crawl through the adversity presented in our lives, into a world that feels a little less organized and a little more uncertain, we may find what once was no longer is and how do we be with what we have and get to where we want to go. Complex, isn’t it. But historically, humans have recovered from unforeseen crisis, stronger and better than ever. And historically, they have sought the help of others to guide them to see where they really are at and where they can be.
Anxious, depressed, grief of loss of a relationship, close one, job, etc: you have come to the right place. As we all slowly crawl through the adversity presented in our lives, into a world that feels a little less organized and a little more uncertain, we may find what once was no longer is and how do we be with what we have and get to where we want to go. Complex, isn’t it. But historically, humans have recovered from unforeseen crisis, stronger and better than ever. And historically, they have sought the help of others to guide them to see where they really are at and where they can be.
(415) 842-2656 View (415) 842-2656
Photo of Nancy Adams Langley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nancy Adams Langley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
If you have made it to this website, you are already on your way to resolving your conflict. My primary work is with adults and couples struggling with relationship and career issues. I also specialize in mood disorders (anxiety and depression), loss and grief and in decision making. I focus on helping individuals and couples to bring awareness (mindfulness) to their feelings, bodies, moods and dreams to access their insight. From this insight, behavioral change can be explored and implemented. I provide both short and long term treatment. My style is interactive and I sometimes suggest behavioral homework.
If you have made it to this website, you are already on your way to resolving your conflict. My primary work is with adults and couples struggling with relationship and career issues. I also specialize in mood disorders (anxiety and depression), loss and grief and in decision making. I focus on helping individuals and couples to bring awareness (mindfulness) to their feelings, bodies, moods and dreams to access their insight. From this insight, behavioral change can be explored and implemented. I provide both short and long term treatment. My style is interactive and I sometimes suggest behavioral homework.
(650) 209-7975 View (650) 209-7975
Photo of Talia Recht, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Talia Recht
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Welcome and thanks so much for visiting my page :) . My name is Talia and I specialize in seeing young professionals (mostly between the ages of 25-35) on the topics of anxiety, dating & relationships, work/life balance, self-confidence, friendship issues and more! My aim is to be a non-judgmental and proactive collaborator to work with you on increasing self-awareness, overcoming things like imposter syndrome or dating roadblocks, work on improving communication in all your relationships and explore how to move towards a life that feels more authentic to be in!
Welcome and thanks so much for visiting my page :) . My name is Talia and I specialize in seeing young professionals (mostly between the ages of 25-35) on the topics of anxiety, dating & relationships, work/life balance, self-confidence, friendship issues and more! My aim is to be a non-judgmental and proactive collaborator to work with you on increasing self-awareness, overcoming things like imposter syndrome or dating roadblocks, work on improving communication in all your relationships and explore how to move towards a life that feels more authentic to be in!
(415) 539-0341 View (415) 539-0341
Photo of Camilla Busnovetsky, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Camilla Busnovetsky
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
If you're looking for a therapist, you're probably feeling like life is harder than it should be. Well, life IS hard. It can also be filled with a lot of joy, love, and fulfillment if you know where to look. You may be in your 20s navigating post college life, or perhaps you're a new parent struggling with a brand new identity, or maybe you're a child of immigrants feeling stuck between 2 cultures and sets of expectations.
If you're looking for a therapist, you're probably feeling like life is harder than it should be. Well, life IS hard. It can also be filled with a lot of joy, love, and fulfillment if you know where to look. You may be in your 20s navigating post college life, or perhaps you're a new parent struggling with a brand new identity, or maybe you're a child of immigrants feeling stuck between 2 cultures and sets of expectations.
(415) 742-2883 View (415) 742-2883
Photo of Ashley Witt, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Ashley Witt
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
I am a licensed psychologist specializing in the treatment of anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, sleep difficulties, and body-focused repetitive behaviors such as hair-pulling and skin-picking. I provide treatment approaches that have been supported by research, while tailoring treatment to the unique needs of each client. I believe that therapy works best when it is a collaborative partnership between the client and the therapist, and I work with my clients to clarify their goals and develop an individualized treatment plan.
I am a licensed psychologist specializing in the treatment of anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, sleep difficulties, and body-focused repetitive behaviors such as hair-pulling and skin-picking. I provide treatment approaches that have been supported by research, while tailoring treatment to the unique needs of each client. I believe that therapy works best when it is a collaborative partnership between the client and the therapist, and I work with my clients to clarify their goals and develop an individualized treatment plan.
(415) 741-2231 View (415) 741-2231
Photo of Nathan Lupo, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nathan Lupo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
I practice Lacanian psychoanalysis in California. If you feel anxious, hopeless, frustrated or angry; if you lack confidence, find yourself without real friendships, or are unable to sustain a lasting relationship, this form of therapy might be for you. My aim is to help you understand and experience yourself in new or long-forgotten ways so that you may, in the words of William Butler Yeats, "live with a clearer, perhaps even with a fiercer life."
I practice Lacanian psychoanalysis in California. If you feel anxious, hopeless, frustrated or angry; if you lack confidence, find yourself without real friendships, or are unable to sustain a lasting relationship, this form of therapy might be for you. My aim is to help you understand and experience yourself in new or long-forgotten ways so that you may, in the words of William Butler Yeats, "live with a clearer, perhaps even with a fiercer life."
(415) 728-0391 View (415) 728-0391
Photo of Mia Maturen, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Mia Maturen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
My style is warm, collaborative, playful, direct, and flexible. Psychotherapy is one of the few places where individuals are free to explore and express themselves in a deeply personal way. People come to therapy for different reasons and with different goals in mind. I am committed to offering a space that is innovative and values uniqueness, developing a way of working with you that accounts for your complexity and individual preferences. I encourage open dialogue and feedback regarding what you find helpful.
My style is warm, collaborative, playful, direct, and flexible. Psychotherapy is one of the few places where individuals are free to explore and express themselves in a deeply personal way. People come to therapy for different reasons and with different goals in mind. I am committed to offering a space that is innovative and values uniqueness, developing a way of working with you that accounts for your complexity and individual preferences. I encourage open dialogue and feedback regarding what you find helpful.
(415) 494-8250 View (415) 494-8250
Photo of Manuel A Manotas, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Manuel A Manotas
Psychologist, PsyD, SEP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
Imagine living free from the shackles of chronic anxiety, the heavy weight on your chest, and past traumas that keep echoing. If you yearn to quiet racing thoughts and self-criticism, my integrative somatic therapy can be transformative. Together, we'll uncover your inner strength and foster self-love, leading you towards a life of peace and resilience. Your journey towards true self-understanding and healing begins here."
Imagine living free from the shackles of chronic anxiety, the heavy weight on your chest, and past traumas that keep echoing. If you yearn to quiet racing thoughts and self-criticism, my integrative somatic therapy can be transformative. Together, we'll uncover your inner strength and foster self-love, leading you towards a life of peace and resilience. Your journey towards true self-understanding and healing begins here."
(415) 873-8670 View (415) 873-8670
Photo of Cynthia Tawasha Diwan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Cynthia Tawasha Diwan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
I provide trauma informed care and lean into my curiosity and clinical skills gleaned from years of work in community mental health and intensive programs at UCSF. I am respectful, gentle and grounded. I love helping people find their footing, move in the direction of their values, make sense of ambivalence and tolerate living in the question. I can provide brief solution-focused therapy complete with skills and strategies. I can also provide longer-term insight oriented therapy. My goal is to help those I work with become more effective in life and to feel better.
I provide trauma informed care and lean into my curiosity and clinical skills gleaned from years of work in community mental health and intensive programs at UCSF. I am respectful, gentle and grounded. I love helping people find their footing, move in the direction of their values, make sense of ambivalence and tolerate living in the question. I can provide brief solution-focused therapy complete with skills and strategies. I can also provide longer-term insight oriented therapy. My goal is to help those I work with become more effective in life and to feel better.
(415) 936-1552 View (415) 936-1552
Photo of Elena Felder, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Elena Felder
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Not accepting new clients
My practice is currently full but I encourage you to go to the Referrals page on my website for a list of EMDR therapists whose work I know and trust. I work with individuals to create a safe place to explore patterns in your relationships and areas where you are stuck in trauma or depression. I offer both brief and long-term therapy with individuals and couples using a variety of techniques and modalities including deep listening, EMDR, hypnotherapy, relaxation training, exploring connections between current struggles and past experiences and increasing body awareness.
My practice is currently full but I encourage you to go to the Referrals page on my website for a list of EMDR therapists whose work I know and trust. I work with individuals to create a safe place to explore patterns in your relationships and areas where you are stuck in trauma or depression. I offer both brief and long-term therapy with individuals and couples using a variety of techniques and modalities including deep listening, EMDR, hypnotherapy, relaxation training, exploring connections between current struggles and past experiences and increasing body awareness.
(510) 907-6651 View (510) 907-6651
Photo of Lisa Johnson, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Lisa Johnson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Lisa Johnson is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2000. She has a PsyD and MA from Pepperdine University. Lisa has worked for many years as both a psychologist and small business owner, with particular expertise in addressing matters of workplace stress. Lisa works with adults of all ages and backgrounds to help them hear their own voice in a world that is constantly seeking to influence them for its own purposes. She seeks to understand the present individual, by way of exploring how past successes and disappointments have shaped them.
Lisa Johnson is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2000. She has a PsyD and MA from Pepperdine University. Lisa has worked for many years as both a psychologist and small business owner, with particular expertise in addressing matters of workplace stress. Lisa works with adults of all ages and backgrounds to help them hear their own voice in a world that is constantly seeking to influence them for its own purposes. She seeks to understand the present individual, by way of exploring how past successes and disappointments have shaped them.
(628) 227-6305 View (628) 227-6305
Photo of Mena K Zaminsky, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Mena K Zaminsky
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
People often begin therapy because they are in emotional pain or a crisis and need relief from their suffering. While difficult, it is often the catalyst that opens the door to creative life force and new possibilities in living in the world. Psychotherapy is a deeply personal, individualized, alchemical process. I serve clients in the areas of trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), relationship issues, anxiety, addictions and self-development. I assist clients in not only getting relief from their suffering but also enhancing their personal and spiritual lives and having healthier relationships with themselves and others.
People often begin therapy because they are in emotional pain or a crisis and need relief from their suffering. While difficult, it is often the catalyst that opens the door to creative life force and new possibilities in living in the world. Psychotherapy is a deeply personal, individualized, alchemical process. I serve clients in the areas of trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), relationship issues, anxiety, addictions and self-development. I assist clients in not only getting relief from their suffering but also enhancing their personal and spiritual lives and having healthier relationships with themselves and others.
(415) 799-9440 View (415) 799-9440
Photo of Maria Sobol, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Maria Sobol
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
For over 20 years, my work with individuals, couples, children, and families has been based on the belief that change is possible and most likely to occur when people feel comfortable and safe in relationship, both with themselves and others. My relational, warm, collaborative and accepting approach is strengths-based and fosters connection with each person to promote progress and success in therapy. My clients have been been impacted by trauma, loss, and adversity. I help them find ways to manage anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflict, and grief and deal with emotional challenges from childhood and life transitions.
For over 20 years, my work with individuals, couples, children, and families has been based on the belief that change is possible and most likely to occur when people feel comfortable and safe in relationship, both with themselves and others. My relational, warm, collaborative and accepting approach is strengths-based and fosters connection with each person to promote progress and success in therapy. My clients have been been impacted by trauma, loss, and adversity. I help them find ways to manage anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflict, and grief and deal with emotional challenges from childhood and life transitions.
(415) 371-9190 View (415) 371-9190
Photo of Jorge Villarroel, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jorge Villarroel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I approach therapy with warmth, compassionate curiosity, and honest reflection, focusing on the present moment. I am a supportive and open-minded therapist. I work together with individuals toward self-discovery, connecting with others from a perspective of personal awareness. I believe the therapeutic relationship has the potential to transform our lives in real and meaningful ways. Perhaps you feel stuck, or experience depression, anxiety, or pain that keeps you from living a full life and having healthy relationships, therapy can help one overcome these issues.
I approach therapy with warmth, compassionate curiosity, and honest reflection, focusing on the present moment. I am a supportive and open-minded therapist. I work together with individuals toward self-discovery, connecting with others from a perspective of personal awareness. I believe the therapeutic relationship has the potential to transform our lives in real and meaningful ways. Perhaps you feel stuck, or experience depression, anxiety, or pain that keeps you from living a full life and having healthy relationships, therapy can help one overcome these issues.
(415) 367-4135 View (415) 367-4135
Photo of A. Maya Borgueta, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
A. Maya Borgueta
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
We put so much effort into our careers – from years of schooling to endless job searching and hours spent at work. Our jobs often become a big part of who we are, affecting how we feel about ourselves and even becoming our main social circle. It's no wonder that our mental health can be strongly influenced by our work lives. That's where I come in. I specialize in helping professional women build healthier relationships with their work, so that they can thrive in their careers and at home.
We put so much effort into our careers – from years of schooling to endless job searching and hours spent at work. Our jobs often become a big part of who we are, affecting how we feel about ourselves and even becoming our main social circle. It's no wonder that our mental health can be strongly influenced by our work lives. That's where I come in. I specialize in helping professional women build healthier relationships with their work, so that they can thrive in their careers and at home.
(415) 741-5533 View (415) 741-5533
Photo of James Y Lee, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
James Y Lee
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
My clients are high-achieving creatives or in the tech industry, working for companies such as Meta, Google, Tesla, etc… I make an effort to create a strong therapeutic relationship in a safe, encouraging and supportive environment. From that foundation we might process difficult experiences and establish healthier ways of coping based in mindfulness practices. My clients typically leave sessions feeling a greater sense of freedom with more possible choices in front of them. They are able to access their own inner wisdom, achieving a better understanding of who they are and a clearer direction in where they wish to lead their lives.
My clients are high-achieving creatives or in the tech industry, working for companies such as Meta, Google, Tesla, etc… I make an effort to create a strong therapeutic relationship in a safe, encouraging and supportive environment. From that foundation we might process difficult experiences and establish healthier ways of coping based in mindfulness practices. My clients typically leave sessions feeling a greater sense of freedom with more possible choices in front of them. They are able to access their own inner wisdom, achieving a better understanding of who they are and a clearer direction in where they wish to lead their lives.
(628) 215-4774 View (628) 215-4774
Photo of Zdravko Rozic, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Zdravko Rozic
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC, CCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
I am Zdravko but I mostly go by Z. I was born in former Yugoslavia. At the age of 14, circumstances forced me to leave my homeland. After a few years in Germany, in the late 90's I embarked on a new chapter by moving to the United States. My journey through life and career has been marked by diverse experiences, including roles in mortgage banking, retail, and ride-sharing, as well as being a parent and getting diagnosed with ADHD as an adult, all of which have profoundly influenced my approach as a therapist.
I am Zdravko but I mostly go by Z. I was born in former Yugoslavia. At the age of 14, circumstances forced me to leave my homeland. After a few years in Germany, in the late 90's I embarked on a new chapter by moving to the United States. My journey through life and career has been marked by diverse experiences, including roles in mortgage banking, retail, and ride-sharing, as well as being a parent and getting diagnosed with ADHD as an adult, all of which have profoundly influenced my approach as a therapist.
(415) 842-4293 x5 View (415) 842-4293 x5
Photo of David Olem, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
David Olem
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
My priority as a therapist is to create a warm and comfortable environment in which we can work closely together to identify goals and tailor the sessions to best meet your needs. I have an interactive style and I utilize a wide variety of techniques.
My priority as a therapist is to create a warm and comfortable environment in which we can work closely together to identify goals and tailor the sessions to best meet your needs. I have an interactive style and I utilize a wide variety of techniques.
(650) 206-8786 View (650) 206-8786
Photo of Natalie Spautz, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Natalie Spautz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
19 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I specialize in marital and premarital couple therapy, ADHD and anxiety. If anxiety, focusing or planning things are affecting your relationship, I can help. As you struggle, you know something needs to change. You're tired of avoiding or obsessing about dealing with these issues. You notice it's affecting your mental health and want to find new ways to manage it. You know your mood and stress levels affect your mental health and all parts of life. With ADHD, supports are so key for balance. You've struggled long enough and ready to make changes to feel better about them. If this is you, I can help and welcome you to reach out.
I specialize in marital and premarital couple therapy, ADHD and anxiety. If anxiety, focusing or planning things are affecting your relationship, I can help. As you struggle, you know something needs to change. You're tired of avoiding or obsessing about dealing with these issues. You notice it's affecting your mental health and want to find new ways to manage it. You know your mood and stress levels affect your mental health and all parts of life. With ADHD, supports are so key for balance. You've struggled long enough and ready to make changes to feel better about them. If this is you, I can help and welcome you to reach out.
(628) 266-2245 View (628) 266-2245

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.