Therapists in Bonsall, CA

Photo of Michele Hodelin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bonsall, CA
Michele Hodelin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Bonsall, CA 92003  (Online Only)
Hello! I'm Michele and I'm very glad to meet you. I am a licensed social worker specializing in substance use disorders, psychiatric/mental health disorders, and the treatment and recovery process. Together we will walk the road toward your recovery, health, and healing. I believe in You! With each session, my hope is that you will leave with less turmoil, fear, and hurt; and more understanding, motivation, and hope than you entered with.
Hello! I'm Michele and I'm very glad to meet you. I am a licensed social worker specializing in substance use disorders, psychiatric/mental health disorders, and the treatment and recovery process. Together we will walk the road toward your recovery, health, and healing. I believe in You! With each session, my hope is that you will leave with less turmoil, fear, and hurt; and more understanding, motivation, and hope than you entered with.
(760) 423-4745 View (760) 423-4745
Photo of Kimberley DuBeau, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bonsall, CA
Kimberley DuBeau
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bonsall, CA 92003  (Online Only)
If you feel you are not living your best life, therapy can help identify what is holding you back and how to overcome these barriers so you can live a more fulfilling, happier life. Often it is adverse childhood experiences that have a lasting impact creating anxiety, mood disorders and adult relationship difficulties. Other times, it is recent life stressors that bring up feelings of sadness, inadequacy or anxiety. Therapy can help untangle the "whys" and, most importantly, provide evidence-based tools to move you from coping to living.
If you feel you are not living your best life, therapy can help identify what is holding you back and how to overcome these barriers so you can live a more fulfilling, happier life. Often it is adverse childhood experiences that have a lasting impact creating anxiety, mood disorders and adult relationship difficulties. Other times, it is recent life stressors that bring up feelings of sadness, inadequacy or anxiety. Therapy can help untangle the "whys" and, most importantly, provide evidence-based tools to move you from coping to living.
(760) 624-3374 View (760) 624-3374
Photo of Gale M Denning-Mailloux, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bonsall, CA
Gale M Denning-Mailloux
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Bonsall, CA 92003
We live in very challenging times with increased levels of stress; our relationships - our closest relationships- take the biggest hit, bringing misunderstanding, hurt and fear.Too often, we try to ignore the problems presented, believing they will somehow just go away. They usually don't. Working with a therapist who "really gets you," therapy is a powerful tool to address: crisis - loss of relationships, divorce, problems with a child, stress, overload; on-going problems - marital conflict, family issues, ineffective co-parenting after divorce; personal growth - enrichment of relationsips, insight with action. People who come to work in therapy want to feel better.
We live in very challenging times with increased levels of stress; our relationships - our closest relationships- take the biggest hit, bringing misunderstanding, hurt and fear.Too often, we try to ignore the problems presented, believing they will somehow just go away. They usually don't. Working with a therapist who "really gets you," therapy is a powerful tool to address: crisis - loss of relationships, divorce, problems with a child, stress, overload; on-going problems - marital conflict, family issues, ineffective co-parenting after divorce; personal growth - enrichment of relationsips, insight with action. People who come to work in therapy want to feel better.
(760) 230-8732 View (760) 230-8732
Photo of Gail D Gerbie, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bonsall, CA
Gail D Gerbie
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bonsall, CA 92003
My goal, as a therapist, is to help clients navigate life's challenges and transitions. The tapestries of interpersonal relationships, grief, trauma, and recovery from addictions are woven with accepting ourselves, others, and change.
My goal, as a therapist, is to help clients navigate life's challenges and transitions. The tapestries of interpersonal relationships, grief, trauma, and recovery from addictions are woven with accepting ourselves, others, and change.
(760) 666-4359 View (760) 666-4359
Photo of Cara Weinstock, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Bonsall, CA
Cara Weinstock
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Bonsall, CA 92003
My name is Cara Weinstock and I am a Marriage and Family Therapist who has experience working with children, teens, adults and couples. My ideal client is anyone who is looking for a safe, welcoming environment to explore new ways of thinking. I feel passionate about being a support for those going through difficult transitions, looking for new perspectives and hoping to make positive changes in their lives. I like to work collaboratively with my clients, where we set achievable goals and often check in and acknowledge our progress. I will always be your cheerleader and move whatever pace feels most comfortable for you.
My name is Cara Weinstock and I am a Marriage and Family Therapist who has experience working with children, teens, adults and couples. My ideal client is anyone who is looking for a safe, welcoming environment to explore new ways of thinking. I feel passionate about being a support for those going through difficult transitions, looking for new perspectives and hoping to make positive changes in their lives. I like to work collaboratively with my clients, where we set achievable goals and often check in and acknowledge our progress. I will always be your cheerleader and move whatever pace feels most comfortable for you.
(858) 519-8002 View (858) 519-8002
Photo of Monica Rixon, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Bonsall, CA
Monica Rixon
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bonsall, CA 92003
I am an empathetic trauma-informed Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California. I specialize in Grief, Trauma, and Eating Disorders, having worked with these populations in multiple settings. As you are reading this you may be minimizing various experiences you have had in life. Often, we tend to minimize our experiences as a way of coping with them and the world around us.  While this may have been necessary at some point in life, I am here to support you through the process of looking at those experiences once again and learning how to hold them in a way that you may have not felt was possible.
I am an empathetic trauma-informed Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California. I specialize in Grief, Trauma, and Eating Disorders, having worked with these populations in multiple settings. As you are reading this you may be minimizing various experiences you have had in life. Often, we tend to minimize our experiences as a way of coping with them and the world around us.  While this may have been necessary at some point in life, I am here to support you through the process of looking at those experiences once again and learning how to hold them in a way that you may have not felt was possible.
(858) 251-8207 View (858) 251-8207
Photo of Courtney Kowalchuk, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bonsall, CA
Courtney Kowalchuk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bonsall, CA 92003
Waitlist for new clients
You’ve experienced challenging things, perhaps traumatic things. You want to feel better and live a happier life with those you love. You want integrative care that combines therapy with personalized mental health care for whole well-being that finally makes a difference in your life.
You’ve experienced challenging things, perhaps traumatic things. You want to feel better and live a happier life with those you love. You want integrative care that combines therapy with personalized mental health care for whole well-being that finally makes a difference in your life.
(442) 272-3049 View (442) 272-3049
Photo of Kelly Tarbell, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Bonsall, CA
Kelly Tarbell
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Bonsall, CA 92003
My name is Kelly (she/her/ella), I'm a bilingual English/Spanish speaking therapist who's excited to help you and your family find your way to a fulfilling life. I work with clients of all ages, identities, and cultural backgrounds who are struggling to navigate the challenges of living in a stressful world. Whether you're looking for support for yourself, your partnership, or your family, I'm happy to help.
My name is Kelly (she/her/ella), I'm a bilingual English/Spanish speaking therapist who's excited to help you and your family find your way to a fulfilling life. I work with clients of all ages, identities, and cultural backgrounds who are struggling to navigate the challenges of living in a stressful world. Whether you're looking for support for yourself, your partnership, or your family, I'm happy to help.
(858) 519-8002 View (858) 519-8002
Photo of Katrina Dela Cruz - Expansive Therapy, Counselor in Bonsall, CA
Katrina Dela Cruz - Expansive Therapy
Counselor, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bonsall, CA 92003
My practice is informed by the interconnectedness of all things, especially the relationship between mind, body, and spirit (or soul), and the interrelationships between beings. I am influenced by Western psychological theories, as well as holistic, ancestral, and indigenous wellness rituals from around the world.
My practice is informed by the interconnectedness of all things, especially the relationship between mind, body, and spirit (or soul), and the interrelationships between beings. I am influenced by Western psychological theories, as well as holistic, ancestral, and indigenous wellness rituals from around the world.
(646) 374-2344 View (646) 374-2344
Photo of Dr. Mitzie Marie Gonzalez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bonsall, CA
Dr. Mitzie Marie Gonzalez
Marriage & Family Therapist, DMFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bonsall, CA 92003
Waitlist for new clients
As a client-centered therapist, your individual needs will determine which treatment modality will guide the therapy process. As a trauma-focused therapist, I utilize integrative approaches such as DBT, CBT, CCT, Emotional Focused Therapy, Parts work, Attachment Therapy, and Trauma Informed Care, with the goal of creating change and empowering growth in your life. Throughout treatment, I will assist you in reaching the best version of yourself, as you deserve.
As a client-centered therapist, your individual needs will determine which treatment modality will guide the therapy process. As a trauma-focused therapist, I utilize integrative approaches such as DBT, CBT, CCT, Emotional Focused Therapy, Parts work, Attachment Therapy, and Trauma Informed Care, with the goal of creating change and empowering growth in your life. Throughout treatment, I will assist you in reaching the best version of yourself, as you deserve.
(442) 313-2795 View (442) 313-2795
Photo of Regina McClure, Psychologist in Bonsall, CA
Regina McClure
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bonsall, CA 92003
When we've lost touch with our truer self, life is just harder. If you're not as present and engaged in your life as you'd like, you may also find your body weighing in through symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and unhelpful patterns of behavior. Underlying such symptoms are often vital, "offline" parts of ourselves that a good therapeutic alliance can help you to identify, strengthen and expand. If you're experiencing a readiness to take your online search for a therapist to the next level, I offer a brief phone consultation to help determine goodness of fit.
When we've lost touch with our truer self, life is just harder. If you're not as present and engaged in your life as you'd like, you may also find your body weighing in through symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and unhelpful patterns of behavior. Underlying such symptoms are often vital, "offline" parts of ourselves that a good therapeutic alliance can help you to identify, strengthen and expand. If you're experiencing a readiness to take your online search for a therapist to the next level, I offer a brief phone consultation to help determine goodness of fit.
(760) 477-0325 View (760) 477-0325

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jennafer Provinse, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bonsall, CA
Jennafer Provinse
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fallbrook, CA 92028
y passion lies in empowering people to overcome the obstacles that stand between them and their full potential. I understand that life's challenges can sometimes feel overwhelming, but with the right support, you can regain control, find balance, and rediscover your inner strength. With years of experience and a compassionate approach, I provide a safe and non-judgmental space where you can explore your feelings, thoughts, and experiences.
y passion lies in empowering people to overcome the obstacles that stand between them and their full potential. I understand that life's challenges can sometimes feel overwhelming, but with the right support, you can regain control, find balance, and rediscover your inner strength. With years of experience and a compassionate approach, I provide a safe and non-judgmental space where you can explore your feelings, thoughts, and experiences.
(408) 413-3155 View (408) 413-3155
Photo of Sandee Richardson, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Bonsall, CA
Sandee Richardson
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LAADC, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Marcos, CA 92069
Welcome! My name is Sandee and I have been in the behavioral health/addiction field for over 26 years in various Executive Management and Therapist positions. I am working on my PhD in Counseling Psychology and will complete the degree late 2021. Additionally, I'm a person in recovery who understands addiction and have 26 years. Together we will work on the “dis-ease” of addiction and heal the issues beyond your addiction! Please contact me today, its a magnificent step to our new life......you are not alone!
Welcome! My name is Sandee and I have been in the behavioral health/addiction field for over 26 years in various Executive Management and Therapist positions. I am working on my PhD in Counseling Psychology and will complete the degree late 2021. Additionally, I'm a person in recovery who understands addiction and have 26 years. Together we will work on the “dis-ease” of addiction and heal the issues beyond your addiction! Please contact me today, its a magnificent step to our new life......you are not alone!
(760) 717-6076 View (760) 717-6076
Photo of Kristina A Vonder Reith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bonsall, CA
Kristina A Vonder Reith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Vista, CA 92081  (Online Only)
I understand that life is hard. I view mental health from a medical lens, which includes mind, body and spirit. When you catch a cold, you support the immune system and medicate the symptoms. When we encounter challenging life circumstances like a new role as a parent or a caregiver, a loss, or an opportunity- the learning curve is steep. As a therapist, I work to understand the what, with empathy and respect. I work collaboratively, validating and acknowledging the resources available, whether they are within you or in reach. If you are feeling trapped, stuck, helpless/hopeless in your circumstances, I want to help find a way out.
I understand that life is hard. I view mental health from a medical lens, which includes mind, body and spirit. When you catch a cold, you support the immune system and medicate the symptoms. When we encounter challenging life circumstances like a new role as a parent or a caregiver, a loss, or an opportunity- the learning curve is steep. As a therapist, I work to understand the what, with empathy and respect. I work collaboratively, validating and acknowledging the resources available, whether they are within you or in reach. If you are feeling trapped, stuck, helpless/hopeless in your circumstances, I want to help find a way out.
(858) 258-5389 View (858) 258-5389
Photo of Amy Jordan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bonsall, CA
Amy Jordan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oceanside, CA 92056
While my therapeutic roots are grounded in Jungian Depth Psychology and Psychosynthesis, I draw also from current ideas about quantum sciences and utilize altered states of awareness - such as mindfulness, meditation, and energy work, as well as the wisdom and practice of Native American traditions- to help each person find what works for their unique circumstance - so that they may experience a deeper connection to themselves and to the world around them.
While my therapeutic roots are grounded in Jungian Depth Psychology and Psychosynthesis, I draw also from current ideas about quantum sciences and utilize altered states of awareness - such as mindfulness, meditation, and energy work, as well as the wisdom and practice of Native American traditions- to help each person find what works for their unique circumstance - so that they may experience a deeper connection to themselves and to the world around them.
(858) 258-5930 View (858) 258-5930
Photo of Laura Kros, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bonsall, CA
Laura Kros
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oceanside, CA 92056  (Online Only)
Welcome! I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 15+ years of rich and diverse professional experience, including a decade living and working in Europe. I have worked in diverse settings including schools, military bases and outpatient clinics. I am fluent in English and Spanish which helps me connect with a broader range of clients. I specialize in helping children and families, women navigating life changes, and military personnel. My expertise includes cultural adaptation, life transitions, self-esteem, parent-child relationships, anxiety, and depression. I'm here to help guide you through your journey towards well-being.
Welcome! I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 15+ years of rich and diverse professional experience, including a decade living and working in Europe. I have worked in diverse settings including schools, military bases and outpatient clinics. I am fluent in English and Spanish which helps me connect with a broader range of clients. I specialize in helping children and families, women navigating life changes, and military personnel. My expertise includes cultural adaptation, life transitions, self-esteem, parent-child relationships, anxiety, and depression. I'm here to help guide you through your journey towards well-being.
(352) 758-5577 View (352) 758-5577
Emilia Ramirez
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Vista, CA 92083
Dr. Emilia Ramirez is both from Texas and California, loves what she does and considers it her calling. She has worked in the field of social services for approximately 25 years and began her training as a therapist in 2015. Dr. Ramirez completed her Clinical Psychology doctorate in 2011 in Dallas, Texas. Prior to this, she obtained a Masters in Clinical Psychology in 2009 in Dallas Texas and graduated as a fourth-generation Longhorn from the University of Texas at Austin with a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology in 2001, After completing graduate school, she moved back to California and is here to stay.
Dr. Emilia Ramirez is both from Texas and California, loves what she does and considers it her calling. She has worked in the field of social services for approximately 25 years and began her training as a therapist in 2015. Dr. Ramirez completed her Clinical Psychology doctorate in 2011 in Dallas, Texas. Prior to this, she obtained a Masters in Clinical Psychology in 2009 in Dallas Texas and graduated as a fourth-generation Longhorn from the University of Texas at Austin with a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology in 2001, After completing graduate school, she moved back to California and is here to stay.
(760) 970-8658 View (760) 970-8658
Photo of Paul Wilcox, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bonsall, CA
Paul Wilcox
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oceanside, CA 92057
I have been working as a Marriage and Family Therapist and Professional Clinical Counselor since 2015. I’ve worked in a variety of settings, including Private Practice, group homes with wards of the State of CA, going into people’s homes to do therapy, and in trauma focused rehab and recovery programs. My foundation is client centered therapy which helps to create a safe, comfortable, non judgmental atmosphere. I also integrate various evidence based modalities into treatment, including CBT, Mindfulness, Solution Focused, Psychodynamic, MI, Strength Based, Gestalt, Existential, Gottman, Hypnotherapy, EMDR, and more
I have been working as a Marriage and Family Therapist and Professional Clinical Counselor since 2015. I’ve worked in a variety of settings, including Private Practice, group homes with wards of the State of CA, going into people’s homes to do therapy, and in trauma focused rehab and recovery programs. My foundation is client centered therapy which helps to create a safe, comfortable, non judgmental atmosphere. I also integrate various evidence based modalities into treatment, including CBT, Mindfulness, Solution Focused, Psychodynamic, MI, Strength Based, Gestalt, Existential, Gottman, Hypnotherapy, EMDR, and more
(442) 259-6892 View (442) 259-6892
Photo of Ivy Smyth, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bonsall, CA
Ivy Smyth
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oceanside, CA 92057
Hello, my name is Ivy Smyth and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist in California. My goal is to help clients of all ages uncover a sense of purpose and meaning in their lives while equipping them with practical skills to address anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and compulsions. I also have significant experience working with children and their families to address a variety of behavioral and relational challenges. I best serve adolescents and young adults working to identify what they want out of life who may be feeling lost or overwhelmed at the prospect of the future.
Hello, my name is Ivy Smyth and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist in California. My goal is to help clients of all ages uncover a sense of purpose and meaning in their lives while equipping them with practical skills to address anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and compulsions. I also have significant experience working with children and their families to address a variety of behavioral and relational challenges. I best serve adolescents and young adults working to identify what they want out of life who may be feeling lost or overwhelmed at the prospect of the future.
(951) 783-3662 View (951) 783-3662
Photo of Monica Cruz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bonsall, CA
Monica Cruz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oceanside, CA 92057
My name is Monica Cruz, and I am a bilingual (English and Spanish) Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California. I have been fortunate enough to help individuals from diverse cultural, sexual, religious, and ethnic backgrounds in their mental health recovery. Through therapeutic support and guidance, these same challenges can be approached as opportunities for growth and positive change. Meaningful solutions can be found through this collaborative process.
My name is Monica Cruz, and I am a bilingual (English and Spanish) Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California. I have been fortunate enough to help individuals from diverse cultural, sexual, religious, and ethnic backgrounds in their mental health recovery. Through therapeutic support and guidance, these same challenges can be approached as opportunities for growth and positive change. Meaningful solutions can be found through this collaborative process.
(916) 623-1594 View (916) 623-1594

See more therapy options for Bonsall

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bonsall, CA

10+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Bonsall, CA who prioritize treating:

100% Grief
91% Depression
91% Trauma and PTSD
82% Relationship Issues
82% Anxiety
73% Family Conflict
73% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

18 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth
71% Oxford

How Therapists in Bonsall, CA see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bonsall?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.