Therapists in Oakland, CA

View neighborhoods in Oakland
Photo of Sheela Vashishtha, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Sheela Vashishtha
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome. I am a licensed clinical social worker with 10+ years of experience supporting adults and adolescents with their healing journey. I specialize in supporting my client’s with childhood trauma, anxiety, relationship issues, and racial/cultural experiences Additionally, I work with first and second generation clients who are navigating bicultural and multicultural identities and experiences. I also work closely with south asian clients. I have a holistic approach that is trauma informed and social justice oriented.
Hello and welcome. I am a licensed clinical social worker with 10+ years of experience supporting adults and adolescents with their healing journey. I specialize in supporting my client’s with childhood trauma, anxiety, relationship issues, and racial/cultural experiences Additionally, I work with first and second generation clients who are navigating bicultural and multicultural identities and experiences. I also work closely with south asian clients. I have a holistic approach that is trauma informed and social justice oriented.
(510) 984-9639 View (510) 984-9639
Photo of Laura (Lo) Wesely, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Laura (Lo) Wesely
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Whether sitting with individuals or partners, I am here to remind you of what you already know but might have forgotten: you are enough. Many clients find their way to me because they want to work through challenges related to their identity, acculturation, sexuality, gender expression, relationship formation, and early traumas. My identities as a queer, non-monogamous, sex- and kink-positive, immigrant woman tend to attract potential clients who share some of these positionalities.
Whether sitting with individuals or partners, I am here to remind you of what you already know but might have forgotten: you are enough. Many clients find their way to me because they want to work through challenges related to their identity, acculturation, sexuality, gender expression, relationship formation, and early traumas. My identities as a queer, non-monogamous, sex- and kink-positive, immigrant woman tend to attract potential clients who share some of these positionalities.
(510) 462-3503 View (510) 462-3503
Photo of Melanie Maddox, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Oakland, CA
Melanie Maddox
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Are you experiencing challenges in dealing with anxiety, depression, and traumatic experiences? Do you struggle with effective communication and setting boundaries in your relationships with others? Life often presents obstacles and difficulties that might lead to these difficulties without proper tools, resources, and guidance. I utilize CBT, DBT, ACT, and Trauma-informed care to help you manage symptoms and promote healing and growth. With a deep appreciation for the uniqueness of each client and their lived experiences, I foster a collaborative and inclusive therapeutic environment.
Are you experiencing challenges in dealing with anxiety, depression, and traumatic experiences? Do you struggle with effective communication and setting boundaries in your relationships with others? Life often presents obstacles and difficulties that might lead to these difficulties without proper tools, resources, and guidance. I utilize CBT, DBT, ACT, and Trauma-informed care to help you manage symptoms and promote healing and growth. With a deep appreciation for the uniqueness of each client and their lived experiences, I foster a collaborative and inclusive therapeutic environment.
(415) 236-9452 View (415) 236-9452
Photo of Elke Ullmer-Strempke, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Elke Ullmer-Strempke
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA, BFA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Do you find yourself stuck in stifling patterns? I offer facilitated inward journeys to increase personal agency, liveliness, and fulfillment. I offer sensitive, open-hearted, humorous, and real contact as you navigate all the inner and outer hardships of being human. I enjoy working with folks from all backgrounds, races, sexual orientations, gender identities, and abilities. Together, we will help you find a way forward that feels in alignment with your highest well-being.
Do you find yourself stuck in stifling patterns? I offer facilitated inward journeys to increase personal agency, liveliness, and fulfillment. I offer sensitive, open-hearted, humorous, and real contact as you navigate all the inner and outer hardships of being human. I enjoy working with folks from all backgrounds, races, sexual orientations, gender identities, and abilities. Together, we will help you find a way forward that feels in alignment with your highest well-being.
(415) 802-0804 View (415) 802-0804
Photo of Laura Condylis, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Laura Condylis
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Welcome! You are ready for a change. You may be overwhelmed by life, feel depressed or anxious, or have difficulty connecting in relationships. Whatever your reason for searching for a psychologist, a part of you believes in the possibility of a better life.
Welcome! You are ready for a change. You may be overwhelmed by life, feel depressed or anxious, or have difficulty connecting in relationships. Whatever your reason for searching for a psychologist, a part of you believes in the possibility of a better life.
(510) 953-4798 View (510) 953-4798
Photo of Valorie Herd, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Valorie Herd
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
It is a privilege to help others who are seeking support on their journey. As a licensed psychologist who enjoys working with adults, children, families, couples, as well as groups, I appreciate a holistic approach to lifestyle changes. It is important to consider physical, mental and emotional health to increase our quality of life. We don’t have control over some circumstances in life, but we can work to optimally navigate what comes our way. Cognitive behavioral therapy, solution focused therapy, mindfulness for stress reduction, managing occupational strain and psychoeducation are some of the techniques I find helpful.
It is a privilege to help others who are seeking support on their journey. As a licensed psychologist who enjoys working with adults, children, families, couples, as well as groups, I appreciate a holistic approach to lifestyle changes. It is important to consider physical, mental and emotional health to increase our quality of life. We don’t have control over some circumstances in life, but we can work to optimally navigate what comes our way. Cognitive behavioral therapy, solution focused therapy, mindfulness for stress reduction, managing occupational strain and psychoeducation are some of the techniques I find helpful.
(510) 640-8631 View (510) 640-8631
Photo of Freddie Barahona, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Freddie Barahona
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Hello. Bienvenidos. If you find yourself in a difficult place in life and need extra support then you have come to the right place. I specialize in helping individuals seeking to heal from anxiety, depression, trauma, and life transitions. I have training in numerous modalities of therapy and I am committed to finding the one that works for you. Yo me especializo en tratar ansiedad, depresion, trauma, y problemas de relaciones. Incorporo muchas tecnicas distintas muy efectivas para que ud. pueda volver a retomar las riendas en su vida.
Hello. Bienvenidos. If you find yourself in a difficult place in life and need extra support then you have come to the right place. I specialize in helping individuals seeking to heal from anxiety, depression, trauma, and life transitions. I have training in numerous modalities of therapy and I am committed to finding the one that works for you. Yo me especializo en tratar ansiedad, depresion, trauma, y problemas de relaciones. Incorporo muchas tecnicas distintas muy efectivas para que ud. pueda volver a retomar las riendas en su vida.
(510) 945-3412 View (510) 945-3412
Photo of Laura S. Anderson, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Laura S. Anderson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
Are you hoping to have more energy? Would you like to be a calmer parent or partner? Are you hoping for stronger or smoother relationships with important people in your life? Do you worry about how your child is doing in school, or how they feel about themselves as a learner? I provide detailed assessments, and individual, group and family therapy to help kids, families and adults build on their strengths. Together we will figure out how to help you, and/or your children, feel better, function better, and live a life with less friction and more fulfillment.
Are you hoping to have more energy? Would you like to be a calmer parent or partner? Are you hoping for stronger or smoother relationships with important people in your life? Do you worry about how your child is doing in school, or how they feel about themselves as a learner? I provide detailed assessments, and individual, group and family therapy to help kids, families and adults build on their strengths. Together we will figure out how to help you, and/or your children, feel better, function better, and live a life with less friction and more fulfillment.
(808) 445-6369 View (808) 445-6369
Photo of Crystal Harper, Pastoral Counselor in Oakland, CA
Crystal Harper
Pastoral Counselor, DMinCC, LCPC, CTSS, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94619  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with trauma, depression, anxiety, or other distressing emotions? How about your relationship? Do you desire release from unsuccessful patterns of behavior? Do you want to experience more peace and well-being? I effectively and compassionately help you navigate life-altering crisis and heal from traumatic experiences. With over 30 years of counseling experience, I have worked in: Suicide Prevention, Physical/Sexual Abuse, Trauma, Addiction, Anxiety, Depression, Domestic Violence, and PTSD. I have both a strong clinical and faith-based educational background and believe in taking a holistic approach to counseling.
Are you struggling with trauma, depression, anxiety, or other distressing emotions? How about your relationship? Do you desire release from unsuccessful patterns of behavior? Do you want to experience more peace and well-being? I effectively and compassionately help you navigate life-altering crisis and heal from traumatic experiences. With over 30 years of counseling experience, I have worked in: Suicide Prevention, Physical/Sexual Abuse, Trauma, Addiction, Anxiety, Depression, Domestic Violence, and PTSD. I have both a strong clinical and faith-based educational background and believe in taking a holistic approach to counseling.
(916) 579-7621 View (916) 579-7621
Photo of Tim Dreby, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Tim Dreby, MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94607  (Online Only)
I offer innovative solutions for complex challenges. I focus on the kind of mental health challenges that may threaten your hopes and dreams. Maybe people are using labels that seem chronic and don’t accurately reflect either what you are experiencing or what you’ve been through! Maybe you’ve had experience with institutionalized care and you don’t want to go back! Or maybe you are a family member and don't know how to help. When there is no simple answer for anxiety, depression, emotional pain, social exclusion, abuse or addictive behavior, perhaps it is time to go a little deeper.
I offer innovative solutions for complex challenges. I focus on the kind of mental health challenges that may threaten your hopes and dreams. Maybe people are using labels that seem chronic and don’t accurately reflect either what you are experiencing or what you’ve been through! Maybe you’ve had experience with institutionalized care and you don’t want to go back! Or maybe you are a family member and don't know how to help. When there is no simple answer for anxiety, depression, emotional pain, social exclusion, abuse or addictive behavior, perhaps it is time to go a little deeper.
(510) 662-6728 View (510) 662-6728
Photo of Anna Davidson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Anna Davidson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Do you feel lost or stuck? Disconnected from your body or emotional needs? Perhaps unfulfilled or as if you can't seem to break free from a relational pattern? I see you. You're not alone & I'm passionate about supporting you back home to your truest self. Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, or are experiencing obstacles in your relationships, I want to work with you to gain more clarity & confidence around communication, needs, boundaries & intimacy. I believe that healing happens in relation- whether to self, other, or the environment & I am intentional about creating a conscious, trusted relationship with my clients.
Do you feel lost or stuck? Disconnected from your body or emotional needs? Perhaps unfulfilled or as if you can't seem to break free from a relational pattern? I see you. You're not alone & I'm passionate about supporting you back home to your truest self. Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, or are experiencing obstacles in your relationships, I want to work with you to gain more clarity & confidence around communication, needs, boundaries & intimacy. I believe that healing happens in relation- whether to self, other, or the environment & I am intentional about creating a conscious, trusted relationship with my clients.
(341) 888-6204 View (341) 888-6204
Photo of Gregory W Dy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Gregory W Dy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck, unhappy, or frustrated in your relationship? Do you want to improve your communication, intimacy, and trust with your partner? Or are you struggling with personal issues such as anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you are not alone. Many people face challenges in their lives that affect their well-being and happiness. That is why I am here to hold space and unravel these challenges you may face. Whether you are looking for couples therapy, individual therapy, or both, I am ready to work with you and help you create positive changes in your life.
Are you feeling stuck, unhappy, or frustrated in your relationship? Do you want to improve your communication, intimacy, and trust with your partner? Or are you struggling with personal issues such as anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you are not alone. Many people face challenges in their lives that affect their well-being and happiness. That is why I am here to hold space and unravel these challenges you may face. Whether you are looking for couples therapy, individual therapy, or both, I am ready to work with you and help you create positive changes in your life.
(510) 824-8472 View (510) 824-8472
Photo of Margaret Louise Kuhn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Margaret Louise Kuhn
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Depressed, socially (and generally) anxious, low self-esteem, people pleasing, body issues, trouble in school, trouble with peer and romantic relationships, procrastination.... I'm talking about my own issues, some that I've worked through, and some that will be a lifelong challenge. I've been there, not as you, but as me, meaning I have empathy for anyone with similar experiences.
Depressed, socially (and generally) anxious, low self-esteem, people pleasing, body issues, trouble in school, trouble with peer and romantic relationships, procrastination.... I'm talking about my own issues, some that I've worked through, and some that will be a lifelong challenge. I've been there, not as you, but as me, meaning I have empathy for anyone with similar experiences.
(510) 405-0672 View (510) 405-0672
Photo of Jules Peithman, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Jules Peithman
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
I believe we all have the medicine we need to heal within us; I trust your own innate healing ability. I see my role as a therapist as accompanying you in finding your own inner healing ability. I hold my clients with love and passion for what I understand as sacred inner work. I approach my work with a wildly open heart. I help clients get in touch with their intuition and knowing. Every therapeutic relationship is unique to each client. As an integral therapist, I tailor my approach to your unique needs and draw upon a myriad of theories and techniques to work with you. My approach is heart-centered and intuition lead.
I believe we all have the medicine we need to heal within us; I trust your own innate healing ability. I see my role as a therapist as accompanying you in finding your own inner healing ability. I hold my clients with love and passion for what I understand as sacred inner work. I approach my work with a wildly open heart. I help clients get in touch with their intuition and knowing. Every therapeutic relationship is unique to each client. As an integral therapist, I tailor my approach to your unique needs and draw upon a myriad of theories and techniques to work with you. My approach is heart-centered and intuition lead.
(510) 851-9285 View (510) 851-9285
Photo of Robin Noel Morales, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Robin Noel Morales
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606
I work with the belief that all beings have the inherent ability to be well and their best selves. Through traumatic experiences, the pace of life, and other circumstances that challenge us, we can lose our way. We'll explore your internal inspiration, and the needs and strengths that might have become buried over time and what in the external pieces of your life, work, relationships, habits and stressors can be addressed with a focus on moving you forward to life you deserve to have.
I work with the belief that all beings have the inherent ability to be well and their best selves. Through traumatic experiences, the pace of life, and other circumstances that challenge us, we can lose our way. We'll explore your internal inspiration, and the needs and strengths that might have become buried over time and what in the external pieces of your life, work, relationships, habits and stressors can be addressed with a focus on moving you forward to life you deserve to have.
(510) 735-8488 View (510) 735-8488
Photo of Helga Cohen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Helga Cohen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
The current pandemic, environmental conditions, and political situation are overwhelming. Psychotherapy is helpful and transformative in dealing with the challenges that affect our social interactions and emotional well-being. I work with people dealing with depression, anxiety, life transitions, grief, and chronic illness. We set goals to redefine personal and professional directions.
The current pandemic, environmental conditions, and political situation are overwhelming. Psychotherapy is helpful and transformative in dealing with the challenges that affect our social interactions and emotional well-being. I work with people dealing with depression, anxiety, life transitions, grief, and chronic illness. We set goals to redefine personal and professional directions.
(510) 858-2940 View (510) 858-2940
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology--Oakland location, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Silver Lake Psychology--Oakland location
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
(415) 968-2338 View (415) 968-2338
Photo of Lilly Hanson, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lilly Hanson, MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
If you are looking for a therapist for yourself or your child, it is likely that some part of your or your child's life is not going the way you expected or would like it to be. Some things that seemed they should work perhaps aren't, or not as well as you'd like. Perhaps your child's feelings are stronger than you had expected, or they are not developing in other ways, and are missing developmental opportunities you know would be healthy for them and want them to have. Perhaps it seemed they might grow out of some of their difficult behaviors or feelings, yet it is hard to determine if they are on that path of growth.
If you are looking for a therapist for yourself or your child, it is likely that some part of your or your child's life is not going the way you expected or would like it to be. Some things that seemed they should work perhaps aren't, or not as well as you'd like. Perhaps your child's feelings are stronger than you had expected, or they are not developing in other ways, and are missing developmental opportunities you know would be healthy for them and want them to have. Perhaps it seemed they might grow out of some of their difficult behaviors or feelings, yet it is hard to determine if they are on that path of growth.
(510) 822-8074 View (510) 822-8074
Photo of Stephany Katsur, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Stephany Katsur
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
My interest and expertise are in creating a therapeutic space for adults of all ages to get to know the workings of their minds and bodies so that they may listen to their inner wisdom. I help clients to identify habitual patterns of behavior that may have been protective and effective in the past but are now getting in the way of creating the types of relationships they desire - with themselves and with others. I work collaboratively with my clients to create a safe space where we can keep company with all of the parts that make up who they are - even, and especially - those difficult parts that seem to be getting in the way.
My interest and expertise are in creating a therapeutic space for adults of all ages to get to know the workings of their minds and bodies so that they may listen to their inner wisdom. I help clients to identify habitual patterns of behavior that may have been protective and effective in the past but are now getting in the way of creating the types of relationships they desire - with themselves and with others. I work collaboratively with my clients to create a safe space where we can keep company with all of the parts that make up who they are - even, and especially - those difficult parts that seem to be getting in the way.
(510) 621-6188 View (510) 621-6188
Photo of Jacquelyn Simpson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jacquelyn Simpson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94605  (Online Only)
Hi there I'm Jacquie, If you need help getting past stuck points, patterns of unwanted behavior, or just don't know where to start, I'm here to help. I have a great deal of empathy and take great care in working with clients. I specialize in working with clients experiencing depression, anxiety, or who are dealing with significant trauma history.
Hi there I'm Jacquie, If you need help getting past stuck points, patterns of unwanted behavior, or just don't know where to start, I'm here to help. I have a great deal of empathy and take great care in working with clients. I specialize in working with clients experiencing depression, anxiety, or who are dealing with significant trauma history.
(951) 501-4986 View (951) 501-4986

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
22% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.