Photo of Daniel Pratt, Psychologist in Tacoma, WA
Daniel Pratt
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Tacoma, WA 98405
Pratt's current areas of focus include individual psychotherapy for adults 18 and older, mood and anxiety disorders, PTSD, OCD, personality disorders, and clinical supervision.
Dr. Pratt is a Licensed Psychologist in Washington State and has been practicing since 2015. He graduated from Wheaton College's APA-accredited PsyD program in Clinical Psychology in 2014. His dissertation focused on providing a systematic review of the available research on cognitive functioning for persons experiencing homelessness. Dr. Pratt utilizes a counseling approach that integrates wisdom from multiple counseling theories, including cognitive-behavioral (for example: CBT, DBT, ACT), client- or person-centered, and contemporary relational psychodynamic.
Pratt's current areas of focus include individual psychotherapy for adults 18 and older, mood and anxiety disorders, PTSD, OCD, personality disorders, and clinical supervision.
Dr. Pratt is a Licensed Psychologist in Washington State and has been practicing since 2015. He graduated from Wheaton College's APA-accredited PsyD program in Clinical Psychology in 2014. His dissertation focused on providing a systematic review of the available research on cognitive functioning for persons experiencing homelessness. Dr. Pratt utilizes a counseling approach that integrates wisdom from multiple counseling theories, including cognitive-behavioral (for example: CBT, DBT, ACT), client- or person-centered, and contemporary relational psychodynamic.
(253) 364-4215 View (253) 364-4215
Photo of Lonnie Renteria Counseling, PLLC, Counselor in Tacoma, WA
Lonnie Renteria Counseling, PLLC
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CCTP, CTMH
Verified Verified
Tacoma, WA 98402  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I treat anxiety, depression, trauma, and survivors of abuse (sexual, physical, cultural and spiritual/religious).
I provide a safe, supportive space for couples and individuals. We negotiate together how to optimize your experience of living life, your relationships, your work, and we continue to build on that. I believe that we all have the capacity to heal and build the life that we want to live.
I treat anxiety, depression, trauma, and survivors of abuse (sexual, physical, cultural and spiritual/religious).
I provide a safe, supportive space for couples and individuals. We negotiate together how to optimize your experience of living life, your relationships, your work, and we continue to build on that. I believe that we all have the capacity to heal and build the life that we want to live.
(206) 258-6420 View (206) 258-6420
Photo of Gerry’s Counseling, PLLC, Counselor in Tacoma, WA
Gerry’s Counseling, PLLC
Counselor, MS, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Tacoma, WA 98402  (Online Only)
I specialize in anxiety and how to get anxiety to stop winning the argument.
Working with the client to realize ways to a better understanding of their unhealthy thinking patterns.
I specialize in anxiety and how to get anxiety to stop winning the argument.
Working with the client to realize ways to a better understanding of their unhealthy thinking patterns.
(253) 243-0733 View (253) 243-0733
Photo of Tacoma Counseling PLLC, Counselor in Tacoma, WA
Tacoma Counseling PLLC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tacoma, WA 98403
Using training in Solution-Focused, Cognitive Behavior, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive, and EMDR therapies, I provide treatment for depression, anxiety, grief and loss, and healing from trauma.
Now accepting new clients. Full time hours Mon - Fri. And by appointment, morning, evening, weekend hours. Helping you determine where you are feeling stuck with some part of your health and wellness. Ready to partner with you to help you get unstuck. I’ll hold your concerns with deep compassion. I’ll listen actively. I’ll work with you to address what’s most important to you. I will meet you where you are with dignity and respect, to connect with you. Then, we work together to tailor recovery and wellness work that best fits your needs, leaning into the work. Through hope and transformation, you can heal, grow, and thrive.
Using training in Solution-Focused, Cognitive Behavior, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive, and EMDR therapies, I provide treatment for depression, anxiety, grief and loss, and healing from trauma.
Now accepting new clients. Full time hours Mon - Fri. And by appointment, morning, evening, weekend hours. Helping you determine where you are feeling stuck with some part of your health and wellness. Ready to partner with you to help you get unstuck. I’ll hold your concerns with deep compassion. I’ll listen actively. I’ll work with you to address what’s most important to you. I will meet you where you are with dignity and respect, to connect with you. Then, we work together to tailor recovery and wellness work that best fits your needs, leaning into the work. Through hope and transformation, you can heal, grow, and thrive.
(253) 329-5873 View (253) 329-5873
Photo of Joshua Lennox, Counselor in Tacoma, WA
Joshua Lennox
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Tacoma, WA 98444
Hello. My name is Joshua Lennox, of Northwest Pastoral Counseling. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor serving South Tacoma, and surrounding areas. I realize that if you are reading this there is most likely something painful, or difficult in your life. Maybe it is: depression, infidelity, anxiety, relationship problems, the loss of someone or something, a struggling child, spiritual issues, infertility, or any of the other many issues we as humans sometimes experience. I'm here to tell you that there is hope. I look forward to meeting with you to assist you with the situations you are currently facing.
Hello. My name is Joshua Lennox, of Northwest Pastoral Counseling. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor serving South Tacoma, and surrounding areas. I realize that if you are reading this there is most likely something painful, or difficult in your life. Maybe it is: depression, infidelity, anxiety, relationship problems, the loss of someone or something, a struggling child, spiritual issues, infertility, or any of the other many issues we as humans sometimes experience. I'm here to tell you that there is hope. I look forward to meeting with you to assist you with the situations you are currently facing.
(253) 218-4469 View (253) 218-4469
Photo of Andrew Rogers, Counselor in Tacoma, WA
Andrew Rogers
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Tacoma, WA 98403
I teach clients how to become comfortable with anxiety and other difficult emotions.
Are you struggling with changes in your life and looking for a better way to cope? Are you trying to find direction and meaning? Perhaps you're wondering why life doesn't feel more rewarding or you can't seem to find happiness or peace. You may be feeling lonely and struggling to find relationships and friendships to help you during hard times. It can be really challenging living in the Pacific Northwest and finding friendship or relationships.
I teach clients how to become comfortable with anxiety and other difficult emotions.
Are you struggling with changes in your life and looking for a better way to cope? Are you trying to find direction and meaning? Perhaps you're wondering why life doesn't feel more rewarding or you can't seem to find happiness or peace. You may be feeling lonely and struggling to find relationships and friendships to help you during hard times. It can be really challenging living in the Pacific Northwest and finding friendship or relationships.
(206) 350-1584 View (206) 350-1584
Photo of John J. Smith, Counselor in Tacoma, WA
John J. Smith
Counselor, LMHCA, MFT
Verified Verified
Tacoma, WA 98406  (Online Only)
I believe that everyone comes to a place in their life and experiences the feeling of being”stuck” and not knowing what to do next. Anger, anxiety and depression can leave a person feeling overwhelmed and unsure. While people often have a strong desire for change find it difficult to reach out for help. As a licensed mental health counselor have helped many singles couples and families heal and grow, and I can do the same for you.If you are ready to take that first step then please call me. I look forward to meeting you. Sincerely, John J. Smith LMHCA
I believe that everyone comes to a place in their life and experiences the feeling of being”stuck” and not knowing what to do next. Anger, anxiety and depression can leave a person feeling overwhelmed and unsure. While people often have a strong desire for change find it difficult to reach out for help. As a licensed mental health counselor have helped many singles couples and families heal and grow, and I can do the same for you.If you are ready to take that first step then please call me. I look forward to meeting you. Sincerely, John J. Smith LMHCA
(253) 252-5027 View (253) 252-5027
Photo of Troy Huffman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Tacoma, WA
Troy Huffman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tacoma, WA 98408
In addition, I enjoy working with individuals, couples and families who are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, bi-polar, depression, and PTSD (trauma) & Positive Parenting Programs.
I enjoy working with couples, families and individuals. As a therapist, I look to identify your strengths and utilize those to find solutions to the specific problems you are experiencing. Some of the ways we will accomplish this are by looking at the various ways that thoughts and emotions may be driving your behaviors. I also like to explore the context of your life and situations that may be contributing to the problem in ways you may not have recognized. We'll use the insights, information, and strengths to help you transition more into your solutions.
In addition, I enjoy working with individuals, couples and families who are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, bi-polar, depression, and PTSD (trauma) & Positive Parenting Programs.
I enjoy working with couples, families and individuals. As a therapist, I look to identify your strengths and utilize those to find solutions to the specific problems you are experiencing. Some of the ways we will accomplish this are by looking at the various ways that thoughts and emotions may be driving your behaviors. I also like to explore the context of your life and situations that may be contributing to the problem in ways you may not have recognized. We'll use the insights, information, and strengths to help you transition more into your solutions.
(253) 766-5537 View (253) 766-5537
Photo of Trenton Williams, Psychologist in Tacoma, WA
Trenton Williams
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Tacoma, WA 98467
His primary areas of specialty include ADHD, ADD, bipolar disorder, anxiety, depression, anger, stress, and a wide range of life and adjustment issues.
Trenton Williams has been a member of the clinical staff at LifeStance (formerly Rainier Behavioral Health) since 1992. He graduated with honors in 1989 from the California School of Professional Psychology in San Diego with a Ph.D. in clinical psychology. He completed a post-doctoral internship in 1992. His training is in adult and adolescent psychology, and he is also experienced in marital therapy. He has worked in a variety of roles such as crisis counselor, teaching assistant, and research assistant. He has been a dedicated psychologist since 1989.
His primary areas of specialty include ADHD, ADD, bipolar disorder, anxiety, depression, anger, stress, and a wide range of life and adjustment issues.
Trenton Williams has been a member of the clinical staff at LifeStance (formerly Rainier Behavioral Health) since 1992. He graduated with honors in 1989 from the California School of Professional Psychology in San Diego with a Ph.D. in clinical psychology. He completed a post-doctoral internship in 1992. His training is in adult and adolescent psychology, and he is also experienced in marital therapy. He has worked in a variety of roles such as crisis counselor, teaching assistant, and research assistant. He has been a dedicated psychologist since 1989.
(253) 352-3012 View (253) 352-3012
Photo of Michael Lillie LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Tacoma, WA
Michael Lillie LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA(ts), MA, LMFT, MHP
Verified Verified
21 Endorsed
Tacoma, WA 98405
I love what I do for a living! I have the privilege of walking with people through chaos, change, uncertainty, ambiguity, joy, sadness, anxiety or any other time of discovery life might bring. My greatest joy is seeing people find hope, make meaningful changes in their lives, and simply live a better life. I have worked in many different settings as a therapist including hospitals, community mental health centers, a homeless shelter, and in private practice.
I love what I do for a living! I have the privilege of walking with people through chaos, change, uncertainty, ambiguity, joy, sadness, anxiety or any other time of discovery life might bring. My greatest joy is seeing people find hope, make meaningful changes in their lives, and simply live a better life. I have worked in many different settings as a therapist including hospitals, community mental health centers, a homeless shelter, and in private practice.
(206) 429-6658 View (206) 429-6658
Photo of Life Path Counseling, PLLC, Counselor in Tacoma, WA
Life Path Counseling, PLLC
Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Tacoma, WA 98409
If you suffer from issues of depression, anxiety, life stress, relationship issues, or just need support for significant life changes, we can find ways for you to deal with those issues effectively.
Hello, I'm Shawn Berthel, (M.S., LCMHC). In my private practice, I believe you can be helped to make shifts in your behavior and thinking processes, to create awareness of your issues, and to change the areas you wish to correct. You will be encouraged to empower yourself, and become a partner in your own self-care. These changes may be slow or difficult at first. However, I know that you have the innate power to maximize your strengths and seek out necessary support, so you can move forward positively into a new life filled with opportunity.
If you suffer from issues of depression, anxiety, life stress, relationship issues, or just need support for significant life changes, we can find ways for you to deal with those issues effectively.
Hello, I'm Shawn Berthel, (M.S., LCMHC). In my private practice, I believe you can be helped to make shifts in your behavior and thinking processes, to create awareness of your issues, and to change the areas you wish to correct. You will be encouraged to empower yourself, and become a partner in your own self-care. These changes may be slow or difficult at first. However, I know that you have the innate power to maximize your strengths and seek out necessary support, so you can move forward positively into a new life filled with opportunity.
(253) 650-0418 View (253) 650-0418
Photo of Gaaren Anderson MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Tacoma, WA
Gaaren Anderson MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LMFT, LMHC
Verified Verified
Tacoma, WA 98402  (Online Only)
My dual training in mental health (anxiety, depression, Impulse, addictive behaviors, etc.
We will not try to make you do what somebody else wants you to do. We start with your goals & find ways to help you develop the necessary skills. We have found that, if a person's individual wishes are not represented in the solution, it will not work in the long run. So there is a strong emphasis on helping each person take responsibility and control over their own happiness. Some things are better handled individually, and some things are better handled with both people in the room. Our unique blend of individual & couples therapy is quite effective.
My dual training in mental health (anxiety, depression, Impulse, addictive behaviors, etc.
We will not try to make you do what somebody else wants you to do. We start with your goals & find ways to help you develop the necessary skills. We have found that, if a person's individual wishes are not represented in the solution, it will not work in the long run. So there is a strong emphasis on helping each person take responsibility and control over their own happiness. Some things are better handled individually, and some things are better handled with both people in the room. Our unique blend of individual & couples therapy is quite effective.
(206) 745-0931 View (206) 745-0931
Photo of Oliver J. Levin-Koopman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tacoma, WA
Oliver J. Levin-Koopman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
Tacoma, WA 98407
I am an interpersonal trauma and family systems therapist specializing in clients with depression, anxiety, behavioral issues, and PTSD. I have over ten years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and couples. I use cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and a trauma informed care model that focuses on the individual within their current social systems in order to resolve issues and improve your overall quality of life. Currently accepting in-person and virtual clients. I look forward to connecting with you.
I am an interpersonal trauma and family systems therapist specializing in clients with depression, anxiety, behavioral issues, and PTSD. I have over ten years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and couples. I use cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and a trauma informed care model that focuses on the individual within their current social systems in order to resolve issues and improve your overall quality of life. Currently accepting in-person and virtual clients. I look forward to connecting with you.
(253) 753-1605 View (253) 753-1605
Photo of Kawika Huston, Counselor in Tacoma, WA
Kawika Huston
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tacoma, WA 98407
My practice's goal is to improve lives in the LGBTQIA+ community, their families and friends, and those of us doing our best to thrive in a hectic and messy world by offering online and in-person counseling that is accessible, affirming, & compassionate. While I specialize in treating the queer community, I always welcome people from all communities and walks of life. Common issues include managing ongoing anxiety, depression, trauma work, coping with life transitions like grief and divorce, working through and with gender identity and/or sexuality, and navigating coming out.
My practice's goal is to improve lives in the LGBTQIA+ community, their families and friends, and those of us doing our best to thrive in a hectic and messy world by offering online and in-person counseling that is accessible, affirming, & compassionate. While I specialize in treating the queer community, I always welcome people from all communities and walks of life. Common issues include managing ongoing anxiety, depression, trauma work, coping with life transitions like grief and divorce, working through and with gender identity and/or sexuality, and navigating coming out.
(253) 201-4783 View (253) 201-4783
Photo of James A Voss, Mental Health Counselor in Tacoma, WA
James A Voss
Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tacoma, WA 98402  (Online Only)
Welcome, and thank you for stopping by. My name is James Voss and I am a licensed mental health therapist. I received my MA in Mental Health Counseling at City University of Seattle in 2018. Since then, I have worked with a diverse range of individuals on issues relating to anxiety, OCD, depression, and addiction.
Welcome, and thank you for stopping by. My name is James Voss and I am a licensed mental health therapist. I received my MA in Mental Health Counseling at City University of Seattle in 2018. Since then, I have worked with a diverse range of individuals on issues relating to anxiety, OCD, depression, and addiction.
(425) 375-7828 View (425) 375-7828
Photo of William Mccaw, Psychologist in Tacoma, WA
William Mccaw
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Tacoma, WA 98405
McCaw enjoys providing psychotherapy to clients with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, grief and loss, stress management, and memory loss.
W. Kefron McCaw earned his Psy. D. in Clinical Psychology from the California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University in San Diego, California in 2015. He earned his Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from the University of California in Santa Barbara in 2007. He has received clinical training at Advanced Neurobehavioral Health of Southern California, San Diego State University Counseling and Psychological Services, the Catholic Charities Center for Counseling, and the Union of Pan Asian Communities (UPAC) Positive Solutions Program.
McCaw enjoys providing psychotherapy to clients with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, grief and loss, stress management, and memory loss.
W. Kefron McCaw earned his Psy. D. in Clinical Psychology from the California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University in San Diego, California in 2015. He earned his Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from the University of California in Santa Barbara in 2007. He has received clinical training at Advanced Neurobehavioral Health of Southern California, San Diego State University Counseling and Psychological Services, the Catholic Charities Center for Counseling, and the Union of Pan Asian Communities (UPAC) Positive Solutions Program.
(253) 201-1591 View (253) 201-1591
Photo of Paul Johnson, Counselor in Tacoma, WA
Paul Johnson
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Tacoma, WA 98402
My practice areas include: depression, anxiety, trauma recovery, parenting, emotional disturbance, grief and loss, stress related to spirituality or recovery from spiritual abuse, self-esteem and developing strengths and mindful practices.
It takes a special kind of courage to ask for help. Whether we have had a hardship sneak up on us, or been wrestling with it for a lifetime, expressing out loud a need for assistance is an act of bravery. I have been working as mental health counselor and psychotherapist since 2014, and in that time I’ve been honored to witness these acts of bravery from adolescents, adults of all ages, and families. I believe that our experiences matter and are worth talking about.
My practice areas include: depression, anxiety, trauma recovery, parenting, emotional disturbance, grief and loss, stress related to spirituality or recovery from spiritual abuse, self-esteem and developing strengths and mindful practices.
It takes a special kind of courage to ask for help. Whether we have had a hardship sneak up on us, or been wrestling with it for a lifetime, expressing out loud a need for assistance is an act of bravery. I have been working as mental health counselor and psychotherapist since 2014, and in that time I’ve been honored to witness these acts of bravery from adolescents, adults of all ages, and families. I believe that our experiences matter and are worth talking about.
(253) 650-1658 View (253) 650-1658
Photo of Deane Benninghoven in Tacoma, WA
Deane Benninghoven
CH, CI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tacoma, WA 98402
The two main elements of what I do in my practice are teaching my clients how to use self-hypnosis to break the cycles of anxiety or self-destructive behaviors, and, building from this foundation we find and neutralize the emotions that caused these behaviors.
Hypnosis is not what you think it is. People get the idea from pop culture that hypnosis is something I will put on you or do to you. This isn't true. You’ve already been in a hypnotic state thousands of times throughout your life. Hypnotherapy is simply using this perfectly natural state to create positive change. This typically requires 3 to 5 sessions. As a certified hypnotherapist, I use hypnosis to help clients overcome limiting and negative behaviors, feelings, & chronic pain. The issues you struggle with originate below the conscious level. If they didn’t, you would easily be able to overcome them using your conscious mind.
The two main elements of what I do in my practice are teaching my clients how to use self-hypnosis to break the cycles of anxiety or self-destructive behaviors, and, building from this foundation we find and neutralize the emotions that caused these behaviors.
Hypnosis is not what you think it is. People get the idea from pop culture that hypnosis is something I will put on you or do to you. This isn't true. You’ve already been in a hypnotic state thousands of times throughout your life. Hypnotherapy is simply using this perfectly natural state to create positive change. This typically requires 3 to 5 sessions. As a certified hypnotherapist, I use hypnosis to help clients overcome limiting and negative behaviors, feelings, & chronic pain. The issues you struggle with originate below the conscious level. If they didn’t, you would easily be able to overcome them using your conscious mind.
(253) 650-1518 View (253) 650-1518
Photo of Adam Bishop, Counselor in Tacoma, WA
Adam Bishop
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Tacoma, WA 98402
It is often quite difficult to be honest with ourselves and with the world around us, particularly as it relates to our experiences of pain and suffering. As a result, patterns of relating with self and others often reinforce even deeper feelings of loneliness, isolation, fear, and anxiety. The various factors that may be driving this cycle include experiences of trauma, strained relationships, loss, and oppressive social/cultural systems.
It is often quite difficult to be honest with ourselves and with the world around us, particularly as it relates to our experiences of pain and suffering. As a result, patterns of relating with self and others often reinforce even deeper feelings of loneliness, isolation, fear, and anxiety. The various factors that may be driving this cycle include experiences of trauma, strained relationships, loss, and oppressive social/cultural systems.
(206) 260-2022 View (206) 260-2022
Photo of Mark Zimmerman, Counselor in Tacoma, WA
Mark Zimmerman
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tacoma, WA 98407
When our old methods of coping with life's difficulties no longer work, we can find ourselves stuck - in depression, with anxiety, feeling worthless, maybe afraid to even reach out for help. Talking with someone who can assist you in discovering what went wrong and how to heal from it could be invaluable. Each person is unique and has a story to tell. I'll want to hear your story. I strive to provide everyone with a non-judgmental, empathic atmosphere in which you can feel safe to express any experience however painful or shameful it may feel.
When our old methods of coping with life's difficulties no longer work, we can find ourselves stuck - in depression, with anxiety, feeling worthless, maybe afraid to even reach out for help. Talking with someone who can assist you in discovering what went wrong and how to heal from it could be invaluable. Each person is unique and has a story to tell. I'll want to hear your story. I strive to provide everyone with a non-judgmental, empathic atmosphere in which you can feel safe to express any experience however painful or shameful it may feel.
(206) 312-7358 View (206) 312-7358
Anxiety Therapists

What are the most common treatments for anxiety?

Talk therapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, is the most common treatment for anxiety. Studies have shown it is equally effective as medication. Other popular forms of therapy are popular, depending on a patient’s experience. Exposure therapy, for instance, can be useful for people dealing with fears and phobias, or who have experienced traumatic events. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy may be useful for patients who need help with emotion regulation. Anxiolytic medications, like benzodiazepines, can also help with calming a person enough to focus on the skills they’ve learned, and physical exercise has been shown to help symptoms of anxiety across the board.

How long does therapy for anxiety take to work?

The amount of time needed to alleviate symptoms depends on the severity of a person’s condition. Some therapies may take 5-20 weekly sessions to show results. Anti-depressant medications typically take two to four weeks before a benefit is felt. Anti-anxiety medications are felt typically within 20-30 minutes. Medications are best used to offer a patient a better headspace in which to work on techniques learned in therapy. Exercise, improved sleep habits, and meditation are effective, but takes weeks or months to show results.

When should I seek treatment for anxiety?

Everyone feels anxious at times, but when anxiety causes disruption to your daily life, it may be time to seek help. Such disruption can be mental, physical, or both: having fear dominate your thoughts, avoiding situations or objects that bring on feelings of anxiety, or experiencing shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, or panic attacks. When these symptoms are recurrent and distressing, it may be time to talk to someone.

How effective is treatment for anxiety?

Treatment for anxiety has been shown to be moderately to highly effective, according to a large body of psychology studies and analyses. For some people, treatment using CBT or exposure therapy alone is effective. Others respond best to a combination of medication and therapy.