Therapists in Toms River, NJ

Photo of Angela Del Russo, Counselor in Toms River, NJ
Angela Del Russo
Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753
In my practice I take a collaborative approach with adult clients. Together we seek balance, change and acceptance. These factors contribute to achievement of pleasure and fulfillment in life and relationships. My strength is that I incorporate the theory of cognitive therapy with the concept that past experiences and interactions have an influence on current beliefs and behavioral patterns. Through this approach, I am able to come to a more complete conceptualization and establish trust and rapport with my clients which enables them to engage in the therapeutic process more fully.
In my practice I take a collaborative approach with adult clients. Together we seek balance, change and acceptance. These factors contribute to achievement of pleasure and fulfillment in life and relationships. My strength is that I incorporate the theory of cognitive therapy with the concept that past experiences and interactions have an influence on current beliefs and behavioral patterns. Through this approach, I am able to come to a more complete conceptualization and establish trust and rapport with my clients which enables them to engage in the therapeutic process more fully.
(908) 349-0997 View (908) 349-0997
Photo of Marisol Charernsook, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toms River, NJ
Marisol Charernsook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753
Hey, I'm Marisol Charernsook! With 20 years under my belt, I've been all over— from mental health programs to community settings. Whether it's tough relationship stuff or battling anxiety and depression, I've got your back. I know taking the leap into therapy can be daunting, but trust me, you're making the right move. Welcome aboard!
Hey, I'm Marisol Charernsook! With 20 years under my belt, I've been all over— from mental health programs to community settings. Whether it's tough relationship stuff or battling anxiety and depression, I've got your back. I know taking the leap into therapy can be daunting, but trust me, you're making the right move. Welcome aboard!
(848) 283-6090 View (848) 283-6090
Photo of Giovanna Coppola, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toms River, NJ
Giovanna Coppola
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toms River, NJ 08753
I work with folks who are looking for support navigating grief/loss, difficult life circumstances, and various kinds of trauma. If you find yourself disconnected from your feelings, in a constant state of auto-pilot, or constantly feel like you are rushing, I can help. If you want to stop living on autopilot and start living in the moment, you are in the right place. Together, we will explore the patterns that haven't been working for you and create ones that do.
I work with folks who are looking for support navigating grief/loss, difficult life circumstances, and various kinds of trauma. If you find yourself disconnected from your feelings, in a constant state of auto-pilot, or constantly feel like you are rushing, I can help. If you want to stop living on autopilot and start living in the moment, you are in the right place. Together, we will explore the patterns that haven't been working for you and create ones that do.
(848) 233-3230 View (848) 233-3230
Photo of Michelle Bonilla, Licensed Professional Counselor in Toms River, NJ
Michelle Bonilla
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753
Hello, I'm Michelle Bonilla, a licensed professional counselor with extensive experience across various clinical settings, including inpatient detoxification units and outpatient substance use disorder treatment programs. Are you constantly overwhelmed by anxiety and worry, despite your efforts to manage them? Does your depression leave you feeling stagnant, unsatisfied, and discontented? Perhaps you're weary of incessant overthinking or the weight of numerous responsibilities. Maybe you're frustrated with feelings of isolation or a lack of motivation. It's possible you can't recall a time when things weren't this challenging.
Hello, I'm Michelle Bonilla, a licensed professional counselor with extensive experience across various clinical settings, including inpatient detoxification units and outpatient substance use disorder treatment programs. Are you constantly overwhelmed by anxiety and worry, despite your efforts to manage them? Does your depression leave you feeling stagnant, unsatisfied, and discontented? Perhaps you're weary of incessant overthinking or the weight of numerous responsibilities. Maybe you're frustrated with feelings of isolation or a lack of motivation. It's possible you can't recall a time when things weren't this challenging.
(848) 253-6493 x1 View (848) 253-6493 x1
Photo of Megan Shane, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toms River, NJ
Megan Shane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753
I'm Megan Shane, holding licenses as both a Clinical Social Worker and Alcohol and Drug Counselor. My background spans years of assisting adults and families in navigating mental health and addiction challenges. From inpatient to various outpatient settings, I've gained diverse experience. Whether you're grappling with relationship difficulties, recurring depression or anxiety, or seeking behavioral changes like managing substance use, I aim to empower you. Together, we'll cultivate skills to regulate episodes, identify triggers, and express thoughts and emotions surrounding past and present experiences.
I'm Megan Shane, holding licenses as both a Clinical Social Worker and Alcohol and Drug Counselor. My background spans years of assisting adults and families in navigating mental health and addiction challenges. From inpatient to various outpatient settings, I've gained diverse experience. Whether you're grappling with relationship difficulties, recurring depression or anxiety, or seeking behavioral changes like managing substance use, I aim to empower you. Together, we'll cultivate skills to regulate episodes, identify triggers, and express thoughts and emotions surrounding past and present experiences.
(848) 305-1186 View (848) 305-1186
Photo of Dawn McIlwaine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toms River, NJ
Dawn McIlwaine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753
I'm Dawn McIlwaine, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Licensed Clinical Drug and Alcohol Counselor. I earned my Master’s Degree in Social Work from Rutgers University in 2001, and I bring over 20 years of experience in behavioral health outpatient settings. Throughout my career, I've primarily focused on providing direct care to individuals grappling with mental health and addiction challenges.
I'm Dawn McIlwaine, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Licensed Clinical Drug and Alcohol Counselor. I earned my Master’s Degree in Social Work from Rutgers University in 2001, and I bring over 20 years of experience in behavioral health outpatient settings. Throughout my career, I've primarily focused on providing direct care to individuals grappling with mental health and addiction challenges.
(848) 305-1773 View (848) 305-1773
Photo of Tiffany Leone-Vespa, Licensed Professional Counselor in Toms River, NJ
Tiffany Leone-Vespa
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753
As a Licensed Professional Counselor holding a Doctorate Degree in Clinical Psychology and boasting over 19 years of experience in mental health, I am committed to holistic care encompassing both mind and body. I employ a diverse range of therapeutic techniques, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), to address an array of emotional and psychological issues. These may include anxiety and mood disorders, ADHD, life stressors, trauma, PTSD, behavioral concerns, parenting strategies, coping skills development, emotional regulation training, social skills training, anger management, and various other therapeutic concerns.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor holding a Doctorate Degree in Clinical Psychology and boasting over 19 years of experience in mental health, I am committed to holistic care encompassing both mind and body. I employ a diverse range of therapeutic techniques, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), to address an array of emotional and psychological issues. These may include anxiety and mood disorders, ADHD, life stressors, trauma, PTSD, behavioral concerns, parenting strategies, coping skills development, emotional regulation training, social skills training, anger management, and various other therapeutic concerns.
(848) 275-2964 View (848) 275-2964
Photo of Allison Santero, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toms River, NJ
Allison Santero
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753
Hello, I'm Allison Santero, LCSW. With over 20 years as a Clinical Therapist, I've worked with children, adolescents, adults, and families. My background in healthcare/hospital settings enhances my skill set, enabling me to address how physical health impacts emotional well-being. I specialize in supporting individuals and families navigating challenging transitions like divorce, trauma, or academic difficulties, as well as addressing issues such as anxiety, depression, self-harm, bullying, and associated diagnoses. Additionally, I have experience working with and supporting the LGBTQ community.
Hello, I'm Allison Santero, LCSW. With over 20 years as a Clinical Therapist, I've worked with children, adolescents, adults, and families. My background in healthcare/hospital settings enhances my skill set, enabling me to address how physical health impacts emotional well-being. I specialize in supporting individuals and families navigating challenging transitions like divorce, trauma, or academic difficulties, as well as addressing issues such as anxiety, depression, self-harm, bullying, and associated diagnoses. Additionally, I have experience working with and supporting the LGBTQ community.
(848) 235-9299 x1 View (848) 235-9299 x1
Photo of Alexia Totoro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toms River, NJ
Alexia Totoro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753
Greetings, I'm Alexia Totoro, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and Licensed Clinical Alcohol and Drug Counselor (LCADC) with over a decade of involvement in mental and behavioral health. Throughout my journey, I've accumulated diverse experiences driven by my passion for empowering individuals to discover their truest selves.
Greetings, I'm Alexia Totoro, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and Licensed Clinical Alcohol and Drug Counselor (LCADC) with over a decade of involvement in mental and behavioral health. Throughout my journey, I've accumulated diverse experiences driven by my passion for empowering individuals to discover their truest selves.
(848) 216-7301 View (848) 216-7301
Photo of Pathways Neuropsychology Associates, Licensed Professional Counselor in Toms River, NJ
Pathways Neuropsychology Associates
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08755  (Online Only)
Paul Santasieri is a Licensed Professional Counselor certified in individual and marriage and family therapy, with over 25 years experience in the field. Paul graduated from The College of NJ with a Masters in Counseling. Prior to coming to Pathways, Paul was a full time Lecturer in Psychology at Ocean County College. Prior to that, Paul was the Supervisor of Student Personnel Services at Colts Neck High School. Paul specializes in all facets of therapy including, individual, marriage and family and an emphasis on adolescents.
Paul Santasieri is a Licensed Professional Counselor certified in individual and marriage and family therapy, with over 25 years experience in the field. Paul graduated from The College of NJ with a Masters in Counseling. Prior to coming to Pathways, Paul was a full time Lecturer in Psychology at Ocean County College. Prior to that, Paul was the Supervisor of Student Personnel Services at Colts Neck High School. Paul specializes in all facets of therapy including, individual, marriage and family and an emphasis on adolescents.
(848) 246-2684 x1 View (848) 246-2684 x1
Photo of Ocean Counseling and Wellness, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toms River, NJ
Ocean Counseling and Wellness, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 15 years of experience working with individuals, teens, couples and families. Recognizing your need for help with life's challenges and choosing to begin therapy takes hope and a great deal of courage. My practice offers a safe, warm and calming environment where you can share your life story and begin the journey of healing, growth and change. I can help you with life's transitions, relationship and communication issues and personal growth, specializing in women's empowerment and strengthening families.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 15 years of experience working with individuals, teens, couples and families. Recognizing your need for help with life's challenges and choosing to begin therapy takes hope and a great deal of courage. My practice offers a safe, warm and calming environment where you can share your life story and begin the journey of healing, growth and change. I can help you with life's transitions, relationship and communication issues and personal growth, specializing in women's empowerment and strengthening families.
(732) 585-1790 View (732) 585-1790
Photo of Dr. Sarah Muscolino, Pre-Licensed Professional in Toms River, NJ
Dr. Sarah Muscolino
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toms River, NJ 08755
In life we often find ourselves overcoming obstacles. Sometimes we can conquer these hardships ourselves and other times we require some additional support. It can be intimidating seeking professional help, but know that you are not alone. I'm here to accompany you on this path, providing support and guidance as you work towards your healing. As a clinical psychologist, I aim to create a safe and nonjudgmental space where we can explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences together.
In life we often find ourselves overcoming obstacles. Sometimes we can conquer these hardships ourselves and other times we require some additional support. It can be intimidating seeking professional help, but know that you are not alone. I'm here to accompany you on this path, providing support and guidance as you work towards your healing. As a clinical psychologist, I aim to create a safe and nonjudgmental space where we can explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences together.
(732) 889-5188 View (732) 889-5188
Photo of Dr. Julee Wickliffe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toms River, NJ
Dr. Julee Wickliffe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753
Julee Wickliffe, DSW, LCSW, brings 25 years of experience in the social work field as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and psychotherapist. Her professional journey includes roles at Rutgers University Correctional Healthcare, where she served in the NJ State Prison System and NJ State Parole System. Alongside, she has maintained a private practice, contributed to a child/adolescent psychiatric unit in a hospital, and worked in a juvenile correctional facility. Dr. Wickliffe's therapeutic approach is grounded in strengths, aiming to empower her clients.
Julee Wickliffe, DSW, LCSW, brings 25 years of experience in the social work field as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and psychotherapist. Her professional journey includes roles at Rutgers University Correctional Healthcare, where she served in the NJ State Prison System and NJ State Parole System. Alongside, she has maintained a private practice, contributed to a child/adolescent psychiatric unit in a hospital, and worked in a juvenile correctional facility. Dr. Wickliffe's therapeutic approach is grounded in strengths, aiming to empower her clients.
(848) 256-0980 View (848) 256-0980
Photo of Rose J Testa LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toms River, NJ
Rose J Testa LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toms River, NJ 08753
Therapy can be a wonderful process to examine self, reflect, and grow toward the direction of hope and healing. I offer a safe, supportive and private environment where you may explore and work through life challenges. If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and loss,`the aftermath of trauma, or panic attacks therapy can be an viable source of comfort and healing. At times life gives us more than we can handle and the challenges seem to go beyond our ability to cope. It is at these times when therapy can be most beneficial.
Therapy can be a wonderful process to examine self, reflect, and grow toward the direction of hope and healing. I offer a safe, supportive and private environment where you may explore and work through life challenges. If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and loss,`the aftermath of trauma, or panic attacks therapy can be an viable source of comfort and healing. At times life gives us more than we can handle and the challenges seem to go beyond our ability to cope. It is at these times when therapy can be most beneficial.
(848) 224-6178 View (848) 224-6178
Photo of Taja L Conover, Licensed Professional Counselor in Toms River, NJ
Taja L Conover
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08757
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with extensive experience providing clinical services for children, adolescents, adults, and families in a variety of settings including private practice, outpatient treatment, and in-home/community. I have clinical experience in the areas of trauma, anxiety, substance use, self-esteem, stress management, family, and child/adolescent behavioral challenges.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with extensive experience providing clinical services for children, adolescents, adults, and families in a variety of settings including private practice, outpatient treatment, and in-home/community. I have clinical experience in the areas of trauma, anxiety, substance use, self-esteem, stress management, family, and child/adolescent behavioral challenges.
(848) 257-5223 View (848) 257-5223
Photo of Randy Orlowsky, Licensed Professional Counselor in Toms River, NJ
Randy Orlowsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753  (Online Only)
In our work together, it is my hope to help each client reach their goal in whatever that may be. Clients working with me are seeking guidance in ways to better themselves and identify solutions to challenges they are faced with. My clients typically struggle with depression, anxiety, social/interpersonal challenges, anger, as well as effective communication.
In our work together, it is my hope to help each client reach their goal in whatever that may be. Clients working with me are seeking guidance in ways to better themselves and identify solutions to challenges they are faced with. My clients typically struggle with depression, anxiety, social/interpersonal challenges, anger, as well as effective communication.
(732) 538-5150 View (732) 538-5150
Photo of Colleen Diveny, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toms River, NJ
Colleen Diveny
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753
I have a unique ability to assess and advise individuals in crisis; helping children, adolescents and adults navigate through adjustments, depression and anxiety related issues. Additionally, my clinical skills are utilized in helping family members who are experiencing stress. Currently, I am a full-time professor at Georgian Court University teaching in the social work BSW program. My past position at Georgian Court University as Director of Student Success has allowed me the opportunity to work with students developing goals and problems-solving skills for college students to achieve academic and personal success.
I have a unique ability to assess and advise individuals in crisis; helping children, adolescents and adults navigate through adjustments, depression and anxiety related issues. Additionally, my clinical skills are utilized in helping family members who are experiencing stress. Currently, I am a full-time professor at Georgian Court University teaching in the social work BSW program. My past position at Georgian Court University as Director of Student Success has allowed me the opportunity to work with students developing goals and problems-solving skills for college students to achieve academic and personal success.
(732) 908-1259 View (732) 908-1259
Photo of Irene Muñiz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toms River, NJ
Irene Muñiz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toms River, NJ 08753
Welcome! My name is Irene (pronounced: ee REH neh). I am honored that you are here and considering taking this next big step in your life. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years of experience. My work often centers around folks who are experiencing grief or loss, healing from trauma, navigating difficult life transitions, or experiencing relational challenges. My approach to therapy is client-led and collaborative. I aim to help you gain clarity, and support you in taking risks and trying new ways of being to live a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
Welcome! My name is Irene (pronounced: ee REH neh). I am honored that you are here and considering taking this next big step in your life. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years of experience. My work often centers around folks who are experiencing grief or loss, healing from trauma, navigating difficult life transitions, or experiencing relational challenges. My approach to therapy is client-led and collaborative. I aim to help you gain clarity, and support you in taking risks and trying new ways of being to live a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(732) 605-4749 x1 View (732) 605-4749 x1
Photo of Meghan Mcenerney, Pre-Licensed Professional in Toms River, NJ
Meghan Mcenerney
Pre-Licensed Professional, LAC
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753  (Online Only)
Often, our experiences affect us more than we'd like to admit. I specialize in helping clients overcome trauma, anxiety, attachment and relationship issues, PTSD, substance use disorder, and ADHD. I am trained in EMDR, an evidence-based treatment used to process trauma and relieve symptoms of PTSD. I often incorporate IFS-informed practices that have supported clients in EMDR processing and accessing vital parts of themselves that would otherwise be neglected.
Often, our experiences affect us more than we'd like to admit. I specialize in helping clients overcome trauma, anxiety, attachment and relationship issues, PTSD, substance use disorder, and ADHD. I am trained in EMDR, an evidence-based treatment used to process trauma and relieve symptoms of PTSD. I often incorporate IFS-informed practices that have supported clients in EMDR processing and accessing vital parts of themselves that would otherwise be neglected.
(848) 301-2919 View (848) 301-2919
Photo of Your Time for Change, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Toms River, NJ
Your Time for Change
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Toms River, NJ 08753
Waitlist for new clients
Change is hard. For some of us it is simply a need to explore a specific issue, job change, relationship exploration, or a goal for our future. For others, long held negative thoughts/ beliefs, anxiety and depression can paralyze moving forward, leaving us floundering for years. Regardless, change is possible. It is your turn, there is hope.
Change is hard. For some of us it is simply a need to explore a specific issue, job change, relationship exploration, or a goal for our future. For others, long held negative thoughts/ beliefs, anxiety and depression can paralyze moving forward, leaving us floundering for years. Regardless, change is possible. It is your turn, there is hope.
(848) 251-0621 View (848) 251-0621

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Toms River, NJ

300+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Toms River, NJ who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
90% Depression
82% Self Esteem
78% Coping Skills
77% Relationship Issues
76% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
76% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
73% Horizon Blue Cross and Blue Shield

How Therapists in Toms River, NJ see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Toms River?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.