Photo of Affiliated Counseling Center, Counselor in Fridley, MN
Affiliated Counseling Center
Counselor, PhD, LPCC
Verified Verified
Fridley, MN 55432
Welcome to Affiliated Counseling Center! We are here to help you and your loved ones with whatever is holding you back or making you feel "stuck" in life, with mood issues such as anxiety and depression, life changes, grief and bereavement, relationship issues, personal growth and many other life issues. We have a talented team of therapists who specialize in a variety of areas and tailor their approach to each client's individual needs and situation. We offer testing and assessment services as well to children, adolescents and adults. We look forward to working with you! We offer in person and virtual sessions.
Welcome to Affiliated Counseling Center! We are here to help you and your loved ones with whatever is holding you back or making you feel "stuck" in life, with mood issues such as anxiety and depression, life changes, grief and bereavement, relationship issues, personal growth and many other life issues. We have a talented team of therapists who specialize in a variety of areas and tailor their approach to each client's individual needs and situation. We offer testing and assessment services as well to children, adolescents and adults. We look forward to working with you! We offer in person and virtual sessions.
(763) 260-1839 View (763) 260-1839
Photo of Aria Counseling, Assessment & Mediation Centers, Psychologist in Fridley, MN
Aria Counseling, Assessment & Mediation Centers
Psychologist, MS, LP
Verified Verified
Fridley, MN 55432
We work with chronic stress, anxiety and depression arising from ongoing difficult life issues and more.
Welcome to Aria Counseling, Assessment & Mediation Centers! We have a number of therapists on staff who are experienced, licensed and able to help. With locations in Fridley and Minneapolis, we are able to accommodate your need to begin working on your area(s) of concern quickly. Our therapists utilize a variety of clinical approaches to best suit your needs and your personality. We provide a warm, safe, comfortable and professional space for individuals, couples and families to work through their issues. We help people with relationships, stress/anxiety, depression, other mood issues, work/professional issues.
We work with chronic stress, anxiety and depression arising from ongoing difficult life issues and more.
Welcome to Aria Counseling, Assessment & Mediation Centers! We have a number of therapists on staff who are experienced, licensed and able to help. With locations in Fridley and Minneapolis, we are able to accommodate your need to begin working on your area(s) of concern quickly. Our therapists utilize a variety of clinical approaches to best suit your needs and your personality. We provide a warm, safe, comfortable and professional space for individuals, couples and families to work through their issues. We help people with relationships, stress/anxiety, depression, other mood issues, work/professional issues.
(763) 600-7172 View (763) 600-7172

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dan Wise, Psychologist in Fridley, MN
Dan Wise
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55418
I am a licensed psychologist in Minnesota, Kansas and Missouri, with over 20 years experience as a therapist. My approach to therapy is existential/humanistic with the relationship between the client and myself being of the highest importance. I believe that each client brings a unique set of strengths and difficulties, so therapy is tailored to the individual needs of each client. I have experience in treating a wide variety of problems especially mood, anxiety, impulse control and trauma. My therapy style is supportive yet challenging and direct as needed.
I am a licensed psychologist in Minnesota, Kansas and Missouri, with over 20 years experience as a therapist. My approach to therapy is existential/humanistic with the relationship between the client and myself being of the highest importance. I believe that each client brings a unique set of strengths and difficulties, so therapy is tailored to the individual needs of each client. I have experience in treating a wide variety of problems especially mood, anxiety, impulse control and trauma. My therapy style is supportive yet challenging and direct as needed.
(612) 429-3939 View (612) 429-3939
Photo of Minnesota Online Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fridley, MN
Minnesota Online Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
Maybe a big life transition has occurred, or the end of a relationship, or just a long-standing issue with anxiety, depression, or some other mental health concern.
Get counseling without going out. We have specialized in remote online counseling for over 4 years. We have several therapists with immediate openings for daytime, evening, and weekend appointments. Our online services are covered by insurance. We also offer in-office counseling in our office in White Bear Lake, MN. We believe we can all use help at various times in our life to get through stressful times, break unhelpful patterns, and see if we can live our life with more happiness. Counseling can help to sort things out, resolve past and present issues, and help clear your mind for sound decision-making.
Maybe a big life transition has occurred, or the end of a relationship, or just a long-standing issue with anxiety, depression, or some other mental health concern.
Get counseling without going out. We have specialized in remote online counseling for over 4 years. We have several therapists with immediate openings for daytime, evening, and weekend appointments. Our online services are covered by insurance. We also offer in-office counseling in our office in White Bear Lake, MN. We believe we can all use help at various times in our life to get through stressful times, break unhelpful patterns, and see if we can live our life with more happiness. Counseling can help to sort things out, resolve past and present issues, and help clear your mind for sound decision-making.
(651) 301-8599 View (651) 301-8599
Photo of Elizabeth Paulsen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fridley, MN
Elizabeth Paulsen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Roseville, MN 55113  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Therapy can provide a powerful opportunity for self-understanding and balance restoration which ultimately leads to growth and emotional healing. My goal as a therapist is to create a safe and trusted space with clients to help them begin to identify problematic patterns and explore healthy, effective coping skills. My hope is this repairative process will facilitate change not just within the context of therapy but in all relationships and areas of a client's life. There are many issues we may explore in therapy: anxiety, depression, eating disorders, body image, grief/loss and life transitions among others.
Therapy can provide a powerful opportunity for self-understanding and balance restoration which ultimately leads to growth and emotional healing. My goal as a therapist is to create a safe and trusted space with clients to help them begin to identify problematic patterns and explore healthy, effective coping skills. My hope is this repairative process will facilitate change not just within the context of therapy but in all relationships and areas of a client's life. There are many issues we may explore in therapy: anxiety, depression, eating disorders, body image, grief/loss and life transitions among others.
(763) 600-7223 View (763) 600-7223
Photo of T Aaron Ridge, Psychologist in Fridley, MN
T Aaron Ridge
Psychologist, MS, LP, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55414
I have been a psychologist for 30 yrs working with individuals, couples, and families. I work with each client to identify what is causing their current problems and how we can restore optimal growth and health. I use many of the most effective psychotherapy methods for relieving anxiety, depression, and trauma-a comprehensive Mind-Body approach.
I have been a psychologist for 30 yrs working with individuals, couples, and families. I work with each client to identify what is causing their current problems and how we can restore optimal growth and health. I use many of the most effective psychotherapy methods for relieving anxiety, depression, and trauma-a comprehensive Mind-Body approach.
(763) 334-5856 View (763) 334-5856
Photo of Alyssa Haggerty, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fridley, MN
Alyssa Haggerty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I am passionate about meeting people right where they are emotionally, mentally, and spiritually. Many clients who felt anxious about beginning therapy have expressed how quickly they felt comfortable with me. I consider it a great privilege to work with individuals and families during formative years of growth and transition. My goal is to provide a safe environment that is both supportive and challenging.
I am passionate about meeting people right where they are emotionally, mentally, and spiritually. Many clients who felt anxious about beginning therapy have expressed how quickly they felt comfortable with me. I consider it a great privilege to work with individuals and families during formative years of growth and transition. My goal is to provide a safe environment that is both supportive and challenging.
(612) 756-8462 View (612) 756-8462
Photo of Dale L Bolger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fridley, MN
Dale L Bolger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, ASW, LLMSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55412  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with your relationships, sexual orientation, gender identity, cultural identity, guilt, shame, anxiety, panic symptoms, trauma, unresolved abuse, self-hate, suicidal thoughts, hopelessness, grief and loss, chronic pain, or autoimmune disorders? Schedule a session today.
As an openly polyamorous-queer-gender nonconforming person, I’ve spent most of my life experiencing microaggressions & unlearning the cisnormative & hetronormative messages that constantly tell us we are defective, broken, or unwanted. They are wrong! We are fabulous, vibrant & deserving, of all the gifts the world has to offer. I became a therapist to share what I’ve learned, bring healing, & advocate for queer/trans youth, young adults & their families while working for social justice & full inclusion into society. Our work will be in a safe, affirming space so we can collaborate to create & implement a road map to your recovery.
Are you struggling with your relationships, sexual orientation, gender identity, cultural identity, guilt, shame, anxiety, panic symptoms, trauma, unresolved abuse, self-hate, suicidal thoughts, hopelessness, grief and loss, chronic pain, or autoimmune disorders? Schedule a session today.
As an openly polyamorous-queer-gender nonconforming person, I’ve spent most of my life experiencing microaggressions & unlearning the cisnormative & hetronormative messages that constantly tell us we are defective, broken, or unwanted. They are wrong! We are fabulous, vibrant & deserving, of all the gifts the world has to offer. I became a therapist to share what I’ve learned, bring healing, & advocate for queer/trans youth, young adults & their families while working for social justice & full inclusion into society. Our work will be in a safe, affirming space so we can collaborate to create & implement a road map to your recovery.
(734) 749-9759 View (734) 749-9759
Photo of Kesma Flame Lily LLC, Counselor in Fridley, MN
Kesma Flame Lily LLC
Counselor, MSc, LPCC, S
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55404
We are a Private Group Practice that adolescents and adults provide therapy to individuals with the diagnosis of anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar, self-image/esteem, gambling, difficulty adjusting to life stress, and trauma. We hold a dual license and experience in both mental health and chemical dependency.
We are a Private Group Practice that adolescents and adults provide therapy to individuals with the diagnosis of anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar, self-image/esteem, gambling, difficulty adjusting to life stress, and trauma. We hold a dual license and experience in both mental health and chemical dependency.
(763) 316-3983 View (763) 316-3983
Photo of Kim A Lundholm-Eades, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fridley, MN
Kim A Lundholm-Eades
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
White Bear Lake, MN 55127
I have over 30 years working in mental health and addiction. I work with individuals, couples, families, adolescents dealing with addiction, grief/loss, depression, anxiety, communication, boundaries, parenting, crisis intervention, trauma, relationship issues, women's issues, GBLTQ+, work life issues and life transitions. I am strength based in my approach and strive to assist people to empower themselves and to have the courage to change the things they can. I have completed the three year intensive training in Somatic Experiencing (SE) qualifying me as a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner.
I have over 30 years working in mental health and addiction. I work with individuals, couples, families, adolescents dealing with addiction, grief/loss, depression, anxiety, communication, boundaries, parenting, crisis intervention, trauma, relationship issues, women's issues, GBLTQ+, work life issues and life transitions. I am strength based in my approach and strive to assist people to empower themselves and to have the courage to change the things they can. I have completed the three year intensive training in Somatic Experiencing (SE) qualifying me as a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner.
(651) 289-3111 View (651) 289-3111
Photo of Minnesota Center for Psychology, Psychologist in Fridley, MN
Minnesota Center for Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
At Minnesota Center for Psychology, our therapists specialize in treating children, adolescents and adults with anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, mood disorders, life changes and transitions, gender identity issues, developmental issues, parenting difficulties, abuse/neglect, chemical and co-dependency issues, GLBT issues, relationship issues, postpartum depression or anxiety, and stress management.
At Minnesota Center for Psychology, we offer comprehensive mental health services for children, adolescents and adults, as well as couples and families. We are committed to providing the best quality care in an environment that fosters integrity, respect, hope, health, and learning. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, family conflict, work or relationship issues, grief, sadness, body image issues, sleep problems, suicidal thoughts, trauma, low motivation, restlessness, communication issues, post-partum depression or anxiety, LGBT or gender identity issues, life transitions mood swings, shame, anger, parenting or behavioral issues, our highly trained and experienced clinicians can help!
At Minnesota Center for Psychology, our therapists specialize in treating children, adolescents and adults with anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, mood disorders, life changes and transitions, gender identity issues, developmental issues, parenting difficulties, abuse/neglect, chemical and co-dependency issues, GLBT issues, relationship issues, postpartum depression or anxiety, and stress management.
At Minnesota Center for Psychology, we offer comprehensive mental health services for children, adolescents and adults, as well as couples and families. We are committed to providing the best quality care in an environment that fosters integrity, respect, hope, health, and learning. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, family conflict, work or relationship issues, grief, sadness, body image issues, sleep problems, suicidal thoughts, trauma, low motivation, restlessness, communication issues, post-partum depression or anxiety, LGBT or gender identity issues, life transitions mood swings, shame, anger, parenting or behavioral issues, our highly trained and experienced clinicians can help!
(651) 383-4569 View (651) 383-4569
Photo of Jessica Olson (Licensened In Mn And Wi), Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fridley, MN
Jessica Olson (Licensened In Mn And Wi)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Little Canada, MN 55117  (Online Only)
Areas that I specialize in include: working with all types of families; adoptive, foster, and kinship, adult/youth adoptees (adoption competent therapist), transracial parenting, communication/conflict, life transitions, childhood trauma, child development, as well as self-esteem depression, anxiety, PTSD and experiences of trauma.
My approach is gentle and eclectic, person-centered and collaborative. You are the expert of yourself and sometimes it's helpful to have someone to listen to understand. I like to provide validation, exploration, and support. First timers to therapy and those taking the leap to try out therapy again seem to appreciate my style. Whether you are rediscovering yourself, going through a stressful time, wanting to process trauma, etc., I'll be here alongside you. I consider the family system, childhood/caregiver attachment, parenting styles, generational trauma, systemic racism, larger society, etc. and all these impacts.
Areas that I specialize in include: working with all types of families; adoptive, foster, and kinship, adult/youth adoptees (adoption competent therapist), transracial parenting, communication/conflict, life transitions, childhood trauma, child development, as well as self-esteem depression, anxiety, PTSD and experiences of trauma.
My approach is gentle and eclectic, person-centered and collaborative. You are the expert of yourself and sometimes it's helpful to have someone to listen to understand. I like to provide validation, exploration, and support. First timers to therapy and those taking the leap to try out therapy again seem to appreciate my style. Whether you are rediscovering yourself, going through a stressful time, wanting to process trauma, etc., I'll be here alongside you. I consider the family system, childhood/caregiver attachment, parenting styles, generational trauma, systemic racism, larger society, etc. and all these impacts.
(651) 372-3400 View (651) 372-3400
Photo of Rachel Surratt, Counselor in Fridley, MN
Rachel Surratt
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55426  (Online Only)
Winter 2023/24: Accepting new clients — Do you struggle with anxiety, trauma, or are having difficulty in your interpersonal relationships? Has your sense of self been rocked by the recent years of hardship and strife? I want to help you carry the load of existing and healing with supportive tools and empathy. I work closely with folks that are actively interested in understanding themselves and the others in their lives. All I ask is that you come to therapy with a drive to improve and are ready to take a holistic look at your life!
Winter 2023/24: Accepting new clients — Do you struggle with anxiety, trauma, or are having difficulty in your interpersonal relationships? Has your sense of self been rocked by the recent years of hardship and strife? I want to help you carry the load of existing and healing with supportive tools and empathy. I work closely with folks that are actively interested in understanding themselves and the others in their lives. All I ask is that you come to therapy with a drive to improve and are ready to take a holistic look at your life!
(651) 410-1822 View (651) 410-1822
Photo of Claudia Petcu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fridley, MN
Claudia Petcu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LPsy, LGSW
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
You know by now that the process of transitioning through whatever situation you are dealing with in your life can be very difficult and painful. Partnering with a professional will help you get through the stormy waters, manage the difficulties and the pain, and access the resources you really need to get out of the storm. My areas of expertise are relationships, depression, loss of motivation, anxiety, stress, trauma, sexual abuse and sexual addiction and issues, domestic abuse, and fears of all kinds. I help people release their blockages so they can free themselves and continue to continue to live their lives to the fullest.
You know by now that the process of transitioning through whatever situation you are dealing with in your life can be very difficult and painful. Partnering with a professional will help you get through the stormy waters, manage the difficulties and the pain, and access the resources you really need to get out of the storm. My areas of expertise are relationships, depression, loss of motivation, anxiety, stress, trauma, sexual abuse and sexual addiction and issues, domestic abuse, and fears of all kinds. I help people release their blockages so they can free themselves and continue to continue to live their lives to the fullest.
(612) 712-5203 View (612) 712-5203
Photo of Emma Kopp, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fridley, MN
Emma Kopp
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LAMFT
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55427
Are you feeling frustrated with the people you are in relationship with, worried about the state of the world, or seeking a place where you can explore your values, identity, and lifestyle? I can help you feel more fulfilled in your relationships and more at peace with the unknown while you discover yourself in a straightforward and casual space. Together we can help you create a life that feels emotionally sound, in balance with your values and identity.
Are you feeling frustrated with the people you are in relationship with, worried about the state of the world, or seeking a place where you can explore your values, identity, and lifestyle? I can help you feel more fulfilled in your relationships and more at peace with the unknown while you discover yourself in a straightforward and casual space. Together we can help you create a life that feels emotionally sound, in balance with your values and identity.
(763) 373-8404 View (763) 373-8404
Photo of Tynessia Snoddy, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fridley, MN
Tynessia Snoddy
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LADC, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55415
My experience involves working with matters such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress response, and severe and persistent mental illness, as well as grief, transition, substance abuse, and addictive behaviors.
I earned a MA in Counseling Psychology at Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota, and a BA in Psychology from the University of MN - Twin Cities. I'm currently pursuing LPCC licensure. I specialize in harm reduction/risk reduction, strength-based, solution-focused, trauma-informed, and person-centered care. I provide safe, healing, and restorative supportive care to people living with HIV and/or AIDs. My being a part of the continuum of care allows for the elimination of stigma and disease, and the optimization of the lives of people affected by HIV.
My experience involves working with matters such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress response, and severe and persistent mental illness, as well as grief, transition, substance abuse, and addictive behaviors.
I earned a MA in Counseling Psychology at Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota, and a BA in Psychology from the University of MN - Twin Cities. I'm currently pursuing LPCC licensure. I specialize in harm reduction/risk reduction, strength-based, solution-focused, trauma-informed, and person-centered care. I provide safe, healing, and restorative supportive care to people living with HIV and/or AIDs. My being a part of the continuum of care allows for the elimination of stigma and disease, and the optimization of the lives of people affected by HIV.
(612) 373-9160 View (612) 373-9160
Photo of Eric Wittkopf, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Fridley, MN
Eric Wittkopf
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Roseville, MN 55113
Specializing in adolescents, adults, couples, relationships, family, childhood, recovery, lgbtq+.
Specializing in adolescents, adults, couples, relationships, family, childhood, recovery, lgbtq+.
(651) 358-2567 View (651) 358-2567
Photo of MidWest Center for Personal & Family Development, Psychologist in Fridley, MN
MidWest Center for Personal & Family Development
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
You can get help in one simple phone call. We offer Caring, Convenient & Effective Behavioral Health Services. Call us at 651-647-1900 to schedule at one of our convenient counseling offices in: St. Paul, Burnsville or virtually from anywhere in Minnesota.
You can get help in one simple phone call. We offer Caring, Convenient & Effective Behavioral Health Services. Call us at 651-647-1900 to schedule at one of our convenient counseling offices in: St. Paul, Burnsville or virtually from anywhere in Minnesota.
(651) 370-9355 View (651) 370-9355
Photo of Innovative Psychological Consultants, Psychologist in Fridley, MN
Innovative Psychological Consultants
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Maple Grove, MN 55369
Innovative psychological Consultants has 14 psychologists/therapists, 4 adult psychiatrists, and 1 child/adolescent psychiatrist. We can work most every issue and have a team of specialized clinicians to help treat clients and bring them back to optimal functioning. Our clinicians are professional and down to earth. They are great and listening and providing specific tools and material to help you improve your coping and ability to deal with problems.
Innovative psychological Consultants has 14 psychologists/therapists, 4 adult psychiatrists, and 1 child/adolescent psychiatrist. We can work most every issue and have a team of specialized clinicians to help treat clients and bring them back to optimal functioning. Our clinicians are professional and down to earth. They are great and listening and providing specific tools and material to help you improve your coping and ability to deal with problems.
(763) 280-7705 View (763) 280-7705
Photo of BHSI, Psychologist in Fridley, MN
BHSI
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn Center, MN 55430
We are a group of psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical social workers, and marriage-family therapists committed to providing high quality and comprehensive mental health care for adults, adolescents and children. Whether you arrange individual therapy, family therapy, couples therapy, meetings with a psychiatrist to discuss medication options, or psychological testing to better understand the problem, our fully licensed and credentialed clinicians coordinate all of these services under one roof. When you visit a BHSI clinic, you can expect strict confidentiality and skilled, compassionate care. For your convenience, we offer flexible appointment scheduling.
We are a group of psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical social workers, and marriage-family therapists committed to providing high quality and comprehensive mental health care for adults, adolescents and children. Whether you arrange individual therapy, family therapy, couples therapy, meetings with a psychiatrist to discuss medication options, or psychological testing to better understand the problem, our fully licensed and credentialed clinicians coordinate all of these services under one roof. When you visit a BHSI clinic, you can expect strict confidentiality and skilled, compassionate care. For your convenience, we offer flexible appointment scheduling.
(651) 538-6893 View (651) 538-6893
Anxiety Therapists

What are the most common treatments for anxiety?

Talk therapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, is the most common treatment for anxiety. Studies have shown it is equally effective as medication. Other popular forms of therapy are popular, depending on a patient’s experience. Exposure therapy, for instance, can be useful for people dealing with fears and phobias, or who have experienced traumatic events. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy may be useful for patients who need help with emotion regulation. Anxiolytic medications, like benzodiazepines, can also help with calming a person enough to focus on the skills they’ve learned, and physical exercise has been shown to help symptoms of anxiety across the board.

How long does therapy for anxiety take to work?

The amount of time needed to alleviate symptoms depends on the severity of a person’s condition. Some therapies may take 5-20 weekly sessions to show results. Anti-depressant medications typically take two to four weeks before a benefit is felt. Anti-anxiety medications are felt typically within 20-30 minutes. Medications are best used to offer a patient a better headspace in which to work on techniques learned in therapy. Exercise, improved sleep habits, and meditation are effective, but takes weeks or months to show results.

When should I seek treatment for anxiety?

Everyone feels anxious at times, but when anxiety causes disruption to your daily life, it may be time to seek help. Such disruption can be mental, physical, or both: having fear dominate your thoughts, avoiding situations or objects that bring on feelings of anxiety, or experiencing shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, or panic attacks. When these symptoms are recurrent and distressing, it may be time to talk to someone.

How effective is treatment for anxiety?

Treatment for anxiety has been shown to be moderately to highly effective, according to a large body of psychology studies and analyses. For some people, treatment using CBT or exposure therapy alone is effective. Others respond best to a combination of medication and therapy.