Therapists in Minnetonka, MN

Photo of Christina L Kress, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Christina L Kress
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55345
Waitlist for new clients
Are you (or your family) stuck? Have you been trying the same things over and over and nothing is changing? Time to try a more direct approach! I can help. My work with clients is rooted in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). DBT is not for the faint-hearted! It is direct, evidence-based and it works. DBT has been proven useful in treating mood disorders, suicidal ideation, and for change in behavioral patterns such as self-harm, and substance abuse. At Minnetonka Counseling I lead adolescent and family DBT groups, adult DBT groups as well as advance DBT workshops for DBT graduates.
Are you (or your family) stuck? Have you been trying the same things over and over and nothing is changing? Time to try a more direct approach! I can help. My work with clients is rooted in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). DBT is not for the faint-hearted! It is direct, evidence-based and it works. DBT has been proven useful in treating mood disorders, suicidal ideation, and for change in behavioral patterns such as self-harm, and substance abuse. At Minnetonka Counseling I lead adolescent and family DBT groups, adult DBT groups as well as advance DBT workshops for DBT graduates.
(651) 967-8762 View (651) 967-8762
Photo of Life Skills Institute and Clinic, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Life Skills Institute and Clinic
Psychologist, EdD, LP
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55345
My goal is to assist you in learning life skills to thrive and find meaning, joy and love. Our clinic has a warm, supportive environment enabling you to learn more deeply how to live these skills and create a life that makes a "world of difference". We will work together holistically to emphasize your individual positive strengths drawn on for the healing process. These approaches work well for coordinated treatment with other medical providers and professionals (examples: MD's, psychiatrist, chiropractors, massage therapists).
My goal is to assist you in learning life skills to thrive and find meaning, joy and love. Our clinic has a warm, supportive environment enabling you to learn more deeply how to live these skills and create a life that makes a "world of difference". We will work together holistically to emphasize your individual positive strengths drawn on for the healing process. These approaches work well for coordinated treatment with other medical providers and professionals (examples: MD's, psychiatrist, chiropractors, massage therapists).
(763) 575-7468 View (763) 575-7468
Photo of Minnetonka Counseling, LLC, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Minnetonka Counseling, LLC
Psychologist, MA, LP, LLC
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55343
Who's ready for a change? Looking for a proven way to feel better? If you are fed up with feeling miserable we can help you get the life you want and deserve. We are a collective of five licensed clinicians working with children, adults and adolescents struggling with attachment issues, PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Borderline Personality Disorder, Eating Disorders, Phobias, OCD, couples therapy and Substance Abuse. We are committed to providing high quality evidence-based treatment. We look forward to talking with you more.
Who's ready for a change? Looking for a proven way to feel better? If you are fed up with feeling miserable we can help you get the life you want and deserve. We are a collective of five licensed clinicians working with children, adults and adolescents struggling with attachment issues, PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Borderline Personality Disorder, Eating Disorders, Phobias, OCD, couples therapy and Substance Abuse. We are committed to providing high quality evidence-based treatment. We look forward to talking with you more.
(651) 356-8481 View (651) 356-8481
Photo of Debra Orbuch Grayson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Debra Orbuch Grayson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
I have been providing direct services to children, families, organizations, and businesses for thirty two years. My services help to educate, support and strengthen family, marital, personal and organizational relationships."
I have been providing direct services to children, families, organizations, and businesses for thirty two years. My services help to educate, support and strengthen family, marital, personal and organizational relationships."
(612) 800-0847 View (612) 800-0847
Photo of Dr. Tori Zengel Mora, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Dr. Tori Zengel Mora
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55345
Imagine carving away the worries that weigh on you and creating a deeper sense of inner peace. It is time to step into your greatness! We are committed to you living happier and enjoying more meaningful connections. We will help to hold your heart as you encounter new self-discoveries & release the toxicity that is holding you back. We are committed to helping you improve your life dramatically. Together we will focus in on matters that are important to you and work toward meaningful change.
Imagine carving away the worries that weigh on you and creating a deeper sense of inner peace. It is time to step into your greatness! We are committed to you living happier and enjoying more meaningful connections. We will help to hold your heart as you encounter new self-discoveries & release the toxicity that is holding you back. We are committed to helping you improve your life dramatically. Together we will focus in on matters that are important to you and work toward meaningful change.
(763) 878-6711 View (763) 878-6711
Photo of Heidi Strohmaier, Psychologist in Minnetonka, MN
Heidi Strohmaier
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55343
Stress & Anxiety Therapy. Do you struggle to relax, sleep, or lead a healthy lifestyle? I help busy professionals navigate competing life stressors, improving their ability to manage stress, anxiety, and health problems like insomnia and obesity. Applying evidence-based strategies to each client's unique strengths, beliefs, and background, I help people achieve greater balance and wellness. My thoughtful, compassionate, and solution-oriented approach helps clients progress toward their goals and move forward more effectively in life.
Stress & Anxiety Therapy. Do you struggle to relax, sleep, or lead a healthy lifestyle? I help busy professionals navigate competing life stressors, improving their ability to manage stress, anxiety, and health problems like insomnia and obesity. Applying evidence-based strategies to each client's unique strengths, beliefs, and background, I help people achieve greater balance and wellness. My thoughtful, compassionate, and solution-oriented approach helps clients progress toward their goals and move forward more effectively in life.
(612) 509-8265 View (612) 509-8265
Photo of Eric E Strom, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Eric E Strom
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, BCD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55343
I am focused on helping clients who are at a point in their life where they want and need a change. We will work together to help you identify what the underlying issues are, and how to best address them so that you can continue with life in the best way possible. I have experience working with clients who have suffered a life changing traumatic event such as combat, sexual abuse, physical abuse, sexual assault, and other traumatic events. Together, we can help you heal from these events in your life. They are a part of you, but do not need to define you.
I am focused on helping clients who are at a point in their life where they want and need a change. We will work together to help you identify what the underlying issues are, and how to best address them so that you can continue with life in the best way possible. I have experience working with clients who have suffered a life changing traumatic event such as combat, sexual abuse, physical abuse, sexual assault, and other traumatic events. Together, we can help you heal from these events in your life. They are a part of you, but do not need to define you.
(612) 230-5228 x702 View (612) 230-5228 x702
Photo of Brooke A Topalof, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Brooke A Topalof
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55305  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Whether you're faced with relationship concerns or individual issues, I will help you work through them. I believe you have the answers within you and my role is to help you tap into them. You know yourself best but sometimes it's hard to sort through problems, especially when they're causing stress or depression. I use a collaborative approach to counseling and teach clients strategies to improve their outlook on life. The duration of therapy will depend on the goals identified and your motivation to make changes. I will walk alongside you and encourage your progress without pressuring.
Whether you're faced with relationship concerns or individual issues, I will help you work through them. I believe you have the answers within you and my role is to help you tap into them. You know yourself best but sometimes it's hard to sort through problems, especially when they're causing stress or depression. I use a collaborative approach to counseling and teach clients strategies to improve their outlook on life. The duration of therapy will depend on the goals identified and your motivation to make changes. I will walk alongside you and encourage your progress without pressuring.
(651) 964-0985 View (651) 964-0985
Photo of Megan St Amand, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Megan St Amand
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305  (Online Only)
Megan’s ideal client is a child, adolescent, partners, or parent(s) seeking understanding, meaning, and healing in their life and in their relationships. Often, these are clients that have already begun their journey; they’ve read books, taken quizzes, or have completed a workbook and yet, it’s still not working. The ideal client is ready to try something different to reach their potential. Honoring our humanity and the world we live in, I utilize an umbrella approach that begins with a Trauma-Informed and Attachment Lens. Under the umbrella, are approaches used to meet the client where they are at and enable new skills to develop.
Megan’s ideal client is a child, adolescent, partners, or parent(s) seeking understanding, meaning, and healing in their life and in their relationships. Often, these are clients that have already begun their journey; they’ve read books, taken quizzes, or have completed a workbook and yet, it’s still not working. The ideal client is ready to try something different to reach their potential. Honoring our humanity and the world we live in, I utilize an umbrella approach that begins with a Trauma-Informed and Attachment Lens. Under the umbrella, are approaches used to meet the client where they are at and enable new skills to develop.
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Photo of Melissa Bolger, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Melissa Bolger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55345
You are in the right place if you are seeking to show up more authentically in your life, sort through conflict, or improve your relationships! I will work with you to deepen your understanding of challenges you may be experiencing, learn new skills for dealing with difficulties, and ultimately find a path forward creating change and finding acceptance when needed. I am honored to work with many folks through experiences with: identity exploration, conflict, divorce, life changes, trauma, anxiety, depression, and difficult family dynamics. I see teens, parents, couples, families, and LGBTQ+ identified folks.
You are in the right place if you are seeking to show up more authentically in your life, sort through conflict, or improve your relationships! I will work with you to deepen your understanding of challenges you may be experiencing, learn new skills for dealing with difficulties, and ultimately find a path forward creating change and finding acceptance when needed. I am honored to work with many folks through experiences with: identity exploration, conflict, divorce, life changes, trauma, anxiety, depression, and difficult family dynamics. I see teens, parents, couples, families, and LGBTQ+ identified folks.
(612) 887-2176 View (612) 887-2176
Photo of Mindfully Healing, Counselor in Minnetonka, MN
Mindfully Healing
Counselor
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55343
Mindfully Healing is a group practice of mental health clinicians who are committed to helping you overcome a variety of life's challenges through connection, education, and effective professional services. Our group of therapists are available to see adults, teens, couples, and families experiencing trauma, anxiety, depression, personality disorders, parenting concerns, co-parenting, panic attacks, school issues, relationship issues, family communication, grief, life transitions, conflict management, parent/teen conflict, and anger management.
Mindfully Healing is a group practice of mental health clinicians who are committed to helping you overcome a variety of life's challenges through connection, education, and effective professional services. Our group of therapists are available to see adults, teens, couples, and families experiencing trauma, anxiety, depression, personality disorders, parenting concerns, co-parenting, panic attacks, school issues, relationship issues, family communication, grief, life transitions, conflict management, parent/teen conflict, and anger management.
(952) 522-9978 View (952) 522-9978
Photo of Erica Lynne Gruidl, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Erica Lynne Gruidl
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
Not accepting new clients
Are you lacking courage in tackling the day to day tasks of life? Are you finding it difficult to manage stress? Are life issues taking you away from finding joy in your journey? I specialize in managing stress, anxiety, parenting and blended family issues, depression, substance abuse, trauma, empty nest, infertility issues, grief and loss, anger management, and abuse. In the past I have worked at as a Mental Health Therapist in a faith-based addiction treatment facility, as a family and parenting coach, as well as in private practice.
Are you lacking courage in tackling the day to day tasks of life? Are you finding it difficult to manage stress? Are life issues taking you away from finding joy in your journey? I specialize in managing stress, anxiety, parenting and blended family issues, depression, substance abuse, trauma, empty nest, infertility issues, grief and loss, anger management, and abuse. In the past I have worked at as a Mental Health Therapist in a faith-based addiction treatment facility, as a family and parenting coach, as well as in private practice.
(763) 703-1550 View (763) 703-1550
Photo of Talia Singer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Talia Singer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55305
I deeply understand there is no quick fix around grief and anguish; to re-emerge whole again we must be in a safe space, supported and validated. Through empowering you to share your story, make meaning out of your experiences and tend to your grief, I am here to guide the understanding that it's possible to grieve and be grateful at the same time. My approach to therapy is centered around creating a safe, supportive space where clients can explore their thoughts and feelings, gain insight into their behaviors, and learn new strategies for coping with stress and difficulties.
I deeply understand there is no quick fix around grief and anguish; to re-emerge whole again we must be in a safe space, supported and validated. Through empowering you to share your story, make meaning out of your experiences and tend to your grief, I am here to guide the understanding that it's possible to grieve and be grateful at the same time. My approach to therapy is centered around creating a safe, supportive space where clients can explore their thoughts and feelings, gain insight into their behaviors, and learn new strategies for coping with stress and difficulties.
(952) 900-7469 View (952) 900-7469
Photo of Lindsey Farmer, Counselor in Minnetonka, MN
Lindsey Farmer
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55345
Not accepting new clients
I believe that everyone has the desire and ability within themselves to heal, learn, and grow. Sometimes life and difficult circumstances get in the way for us to remember this innate ability. I view my role as a therapist as the facilitator in this process. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, or difficult life transitions, I hope to walk alongside you in your journey of self-discovery.
I believe that everyone has the desire and ability within themselves to heal, learn, and grow. Sometimes life and difficult circumstances get in the way for us to remember this innate ability. I view my role as a therapist as the facilitator in this process. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, or difficult life transitions, I hope to walk alongside you in your journey of self-discovery.
(952) 209-8611 View (952) 209-8611
Photo of Jeff Shively, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Jeff Shively
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55345  (Online Only)
Clients often decide to meet with a therapist when they have situations in their lives that they cannot seem to work through on their own. Many of them have tried talking to friends or relatives, but still feel stuck. I will help you look at problems in ways which will help you move in a direction that makes sense for you. I work closely with clients to help them resolve their concerns and problems in an environment which is confidential and nonjudgmental. Many of my clients say they begin to feel better after the first session.
Clients often decide to meet with a therapist when they have situations in their lives that they cannot seem to work through on their own. Many of them have tried talking to friends or relatives, but still feel stuck. I will help you look at problems in ways which will help you move in a direction that makes sense for you. I work closely with clients to help them resolve their concerns and problems in an environment which is confidential and nonjudgmental. Many of my clients say they begin to feel better after the first session.
(651) 560-3807 View (651) 560-3807
Photo of Lisa Wald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Lisa Wald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55305
For adolescents and adults in the midst of transition, loss or difficulty, finding real help can seem like a dicey proposition. Often people find themselves depressed, anxious, numb or lost, but might feel too ashamed to let others know the extent of their growing unhappiness. Many try to manage their worry in secret, only transmitting their distress after their work/school performance slips, they self-harm or start to abuse chemicals. Family and friends may actively worry about them, but not know how to start the conversation or how to get their loved one help.
For adolescents and adults in the midst of transition, loss or difficulty, finding real help can seem like a dicey proposition. Often people find themselves depressed, anxious, numb or lost, but might feel too ashamed to let others know the extent of their growing unhappiness. Many try to manage their worry in secret, only transmitting their distress after their work/school performance slips, they self-harm or start to abuse chemicals. Family and friends may actively worry about them, but not know how to start the conversation or how to get their loved one help.
(612) 294-8281 View (612) 294-8281
Photo of Laura Martha Hanley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Laura Martha Hanley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55345
I define trauma as "anything too much, too fast, too soon, from which you felt like you had no escape." I partner with individuals processing through trauma. As a therapist with a background in intimate partner violence, family systems, and severe mental illness, I understand how each of these can impact a life today, even though the events may have occurred years ago. Trauma informed care is foremost, and my clients receive empathetic, thoughtful, and warm care rooted in self-empowerment.
I define trauma as "anything too much, too fast, too soon, from which you felt like you had no escape." I partner with individuals processing through trauma. As a therapist with a background in intimate partner violence, family systems, and severe mental illness, I understand how each of these can impact a life today, even though the events may have occurred years ago. Trauma informed care is foremost, and my clients receive empathetic, thoughtful, and warm care rooted in self-empowerment.
(952) 295-4674 View (952) 295-4674
Photo of Tracy Davis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Tracy Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55305
We each have unique experiences, challenges, and strengths that shape how we move through the world. Whatever your daily challenges, silent struggles, and unseen battles are, I am committed to walking with you through life's journey. I am honored and humbled by the opportunity to accompany you as you move forward towards becoming your best self. I believe my role as a therapist is to work collaboratively with you to meet your unique goals. I take a systemic, emotionally focused, and attachment-based approach to therapy.
We each have unique experiences, challenges, and strengths that shape how we move through the world. Whatever your daily challenges, silent struggles, and unseen battles are, I am committed to walking with you through life's journey. I am honored and humbled by the opportunity to accompany you as you move forward towards becoming your best self. I believe my role as a therapist is to work collaboratively with you to meet your unique goals. I take a systemic, emotionally focused, and attachment-based approach to therapy.
(952) 522-4997 View (952) 522-4997
Photo of Rebecca Tveten, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Rebecca Tveten
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minnetonka, MN 55305  (Online Only)
The choice to invest in yourself and make changes can be a difficult decision. It takes a certain level of strength and vulnerability in deciding to start therapy. I believe that healing is a journey that begins with your individual strengths, and I am grateful to be part of that path. I provide a warm and welcoming space for you to explore your own relationships, thoughts, emotions, and beliefs to reach your best self. This is a space to be heard, understood and to find healing.
The choice to invest in yourself and make changes can be a difficult decision. It takes a certain level of strength and vulnerability in deciding to start therapy. I believe that healing is a journey that begins with your individual strengths, and I am grateful to be part of that path. I provide a warm and welcoming space for you to explore your own relationships, thoughts, emotions, and beliefs to reach your best self. This is a space to be heard, understood and to find healing.
(952) 373-5449 View (952) 373-5449
Photo of Katie Mark, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minnetonka, MN
Katie Mark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minnetonka, MN 55345
Mental health therapy in nature: let's run or walk together. Coupling exercise with mental health treatment can make a profound impact. I have found that individuals who are committed to their treatment plans and incorporate goals that include exercise begin to feel better faster. There is something about running and/or walking in nature that just feels good.
Mental health therapy in nature: let's run or walk together. Coupling exercise with mental health treatment can make a profound impact. I have found that individuals who are committed to their treatment plans and incorporate goals that include exercise begin to feel better faster. There is something about running and/or walking in nature that just feels good.
(612) 429-3884 View (612) 429-3884

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Minnetonka, MN

200+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Minnetonka, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
70% Grief
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Minnetonka, MN see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Minnetonka?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.