Therapists in Chaska, MN

Joy Hanson Fischer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318
I completed a Master's of Social Work degree from the University of St. Thomas and the College of St. Catherine. As part of my education, I interned at a mental health center; providing individual, family and group therapy. I was an elementary school social worker for 8 years and have been working as a therapist for 16 years. I have worked with a variety of concerns and a variety of ages. Including; adjustments, anxiety, depression, life transitions and social concerns. I utilize many modalities of therapy and techniques-all tailored to the specific needs of the client while we build a supportive therapeutic experience.
I completed a Master's of Social Work degree from the University of St. Thomas and the College of St. Catherine. As part of my education, I interned at a mental health center; providing individual, family and group therapy. I was an elementary school social worker for 8 years and have been working as a therapist for 16 years. I have worked with a variety of concerns and a variety of ages. Including; adjustments, anxiety, depression, life transitions and social concerns. I utilize many modalities of therapy and techniques-all tailored to the specific needs of the client while we build a supportive therapeutic experience.
(952) 314-6469 View (952) 314-6469
Photo of Daniel Kessler, Psychologist in Chaska, MN
Daniel Kessler
Psychologist, PsyD, DBSM
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chaska, MN 55318  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing relationship issues, sleep problems, men's issues, anxiety or sexual concerns? Are you seeking a direct, no-nonsense style of therapy? If so, our work will focus on understanding your individual needs and challenges, leaning into present day issues, and working through the barriers that have interfered with reaching your goals. My clients tell me that they want change, but they need support to make that change happen. I believe in the value of understanding the past, and also know that the most successful therapy focuses on change in the here and now. Email me, or schedule a 15-minute free initial consultation.
Are you experiencing relationship issues, sleep problems, men's issues, anxiety or sexual concerns? Are you seeking a direct, no-nonsense style of therapy? If so, our work will focus on understanding your individual needs and challenges, leaning into present day issues, and working through the barriers that have interfered with reaching your goals. My clients tell me that they want change, but they need support to make that change happen. I believe in the value of understanding the past, and also know that the most successful therapy focuses on change in the here and now. Email me, or schedule a 15-minute free initial consultation.
(952) 222-7532 View (952) 222-7532
Photo of Stacey M. Allen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chaska, MN
Stacey M. Allen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CCLS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chaska, MN 55318
Stacey provides therapy services to health workers, individuals, families, couples, teens, and children who are living with cancer, chronic illness, medical issues, or grief, personally or in their close circle. Stacey has served families around medical concerns in many contexts including 10 years in group private practice, as a Child Life Specialist in local hospitals, 8 years of weekly support groups at Gilda's Club for adults living with cancer, grief support groups, and speaking engagements. Stacey assists clients during long and short term illness, through post-treatment, in the event of terminal diagnosis, and through grief.
Stacey provides therapy services to health workers, individuals, families, couples, teens, and children who are living with cancer, chronic illness, medical issues, or grief, personally or in their close circle. Stacey has served families around medical concerns in many contexts including 10 years in group private practice, as a Child Life Specialist in local hospitals, 8 years of weekly support groups at Gilda's Club for adults living with cancer, grief support groups, and speaking engagements. Stacey assists clients during long and short term illness, through post-treatment, in the event of terminal diagnosis, and through grief.
(763) 400-4952 View (763) 400-4952
Photo of Ruth Ann Plante, Counselor in Chaska, MN
Ruth Ann Plante
Counselor, MA, , LPCC
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318
Not accepting new clients
I am a trauma-responsive clinician who specializes in working with adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, addictions, life transitions, and grief/ loss. I have experience working with diverse adult populations and couples. I am a certified Brainspotting professional. I have training in Clinical Hypnosis, CBT, DBT, Motivational Interviewing, Mindfulness, and Family Systems. I offer appointments Monday thru Thursday from 8:00 am to 3:00 pm, I am also available for telehealth sessions. Please call me for a free telephone consultation.
I am a trauma-responsive clinician who specializes in working with adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, addictions, life transitions, and grief/ loss. I have experience working with diverse adult populations and couples. I am a certified Brainspotting professional. I have training in Clinical Hypnosis, CBT, DBT, Motivational Interviewing, Mindfulness, and Family Systems. I offer appointments Monday thru Thursday from 8:00 am to 3:00 pm, I am also available for telehealth sessions. Please call me for a free telephone consultation.
(952) 800-3856 View (952) 800-3856
Photo of JoAnna Van Otterloo, Counselor in Chaska, MN
JoAnna Van Otterloo
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318  (Online Only)
We all go through periods of time in our lives when we could use a helping hand. Many different circumstances exist that can cause us to struggle: stress, life transitions, parenting, relational challenges, unresolved issues from the past, etc. Counseling can be a great place to find support and get help with figuring out what changes you want to make and how to go about them. I enjoy building supportive relationships with my clients and helping them to navigate life’s challenges. I have a particular passion for work involving parenting challenges and the parent-child relationship.
We all go through periods of time in our lives when we could use a helping hand. Many different circumstances exist that can cause us to struggle: stress, life transitions, parenting, relational challenges, unresolved issues from the past, etc. Counseling can be a great place to find support and get help with figuring out what changes you want to make and how to go about them. I enjoy building supportive relationships with my clients and helping them to navigate life’s challenges. I have a particular passion for work involving parenting challenges and the parent-child relationship.
(952) 234-8717 View (952) 234-8717
Photo of Connie Dummer, Psychologist in Chaska, MN
Connie Dummer
Psychologist, MA, LP, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chaska, MN 55318
Do you feel weighed down by trauma, grief, or loss? Do you experience sadness, or intrusive memories of previous experiences? If so, my specialty is working with people like you. I have extensive experience with all types of trauma survivors, including survivors of sexual and physical abuse. I am grounded in a solid Christian faith and am comfortable exploring aspects of spirituality. I have strengths in the areas of empathy, positivity, winning others over, and strategy.
Do you feel weighed down by trauma, grief, or loss? Do you experience sadness, or intrusive memories of previous experiences? If so, my specialty is working with people like you. I have extensive experience with all types of trauma survivors, including survivors of sexual and physical abuse. I am grounded in a solid Christian faith and am comfortable exploring aspects of spirituality. I have strengths in the areas of empathy, positivity, winning others over, and strategy.
(952) 657-7695 x1022 View (952) 657-7695 x1022
Photo of Mirtha Solis in Chaska, MN
Mirtha Solis
MSW, NLP, CH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chaska, MN 55318
Make concrete changes in your life by unlocking your potential and maximizing your performance across any area of your life. As a Life Coach, I use techniques and strategies from many fields, including Neuro-Linguistics, spirituality, hypnosis,& energy to work with you at your pace. In coaching, the questions, answers and solutions rest with you and evolve from the coaching process. Coaching differs from therapy and I have a vast toolbox to assist you in eliminating fears, habits, phobias, lack of motivation, internal conflicts, relationship challenges & other issues that interfere with your health, happiness and wealth. Transformation can be fun.
Make concrete changes in your life by unlocking your potential and maximizing your performance across any area of your life. As a Life Coach, I use techniques and strategies from many fields, including Neuro-Linguistics, spirituality, hypnosis,& energy to work with you at your pace. In coaching, the questions, answers and solutions rest with you and evolve from the coaching process. Coaching differs from therapy and I have a vast toolbox to assist you in eliminating fears, habits, phobias, lack of motivation, internal conflicts, relationship challenges & other issues that interfere with your health, happiness and wealth. Transformation can be fun.
(612) 255-6948 View (612) 255-6948
Photo of Amber Rothlisberger, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Chaska, MN
Amber Rothlisberger
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families struggling with anxiety, depression, life transition, and trauma. I have experience working with teens, adults, and elderly. I believe in a person-centeredness approach. By doing so, I can assist with meeting the client where they are by providing support for the client to achieve and meet their goals. I provide a safe and supportive space to discuss feelings while not judging and understanding the client’s perspective. I feel it is important for the client to understand their feelings and begin the healing process.
I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families struggling with anxiety, depression, life transition, and trauma. I have experience working with teens, adults, and elderly. I believe in a person-centeredness approach. By doing so, I can assist with meeting the client where they are by providing support for the client to achieve and meet their goals. I provide a safe and supportive space to discuss feelings while not judging and understanding the client’s perspective. I feel it is important for the client to understand their feelings and begin the healing process.
(952) 592-2404 View (952) 592-2404
Photo of Susan Nelson, Counselor in Chaska, MN
Susan Nelson
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chaska, MN 55318
Do you feel stuck? Do you feel like you've lost your own identity in the midst of your relationship or family life? Are you struggling to adapt to the season of life or parenting that you're in? I can help. I work with parents and teens, individually or together. I have special areas of focus in parents of medically complex children, and parents and partners of people with gender dysphoria. I also work with new parents and those struggling with infertility. I believe relationships are our greatest resource for stability and support, and I love helping people find more grounding and equilibrium through healthy connections.
Do you feel stuck? Do you feel like you've lost your own identity in the midst of your relationship or family life? Are you struggling to adapt to the season of life or parenting that you're in? I can help. I work with parents and teens, individually or together. I have special areas of focus in parents of medically complex children, and parents and partners of people with gender dysphoria. I also work with new parents and those struggling with infertility. I believe relationships are our greatest resource for stability and support, and I love helping people find more grounding and equilibrium through healthy connections.
(952) 900-4809 View (952) 900-4809
Photo of Kim Pufahl, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Chaska, MN
Kim Pufahl
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318
Relationships can be challenging and have many issues in families, young and old, couple relationships and marriages, new and longevity, and teenagers and parents or teenagers and peers. My passion is helping explore these relationships and how they affect our behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. You may feel stuck, unhappy, hurt, lost, or confused in your relationships or want more guidance on specific issues. We will explore together to understand and learn to love more of who you are and those relationships surrounding you.
Relationships can be challenging and have many issues in families, young and old, couple relationships and marriages, new and longevity, and teenagers and parents or teenagers and peers. My passion is helping explore these relationships and how they affect our behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. You may feel stuck, unhappy, hurt, lost, or confused in your relationships or want more guidance on specific issues. We will explore together to understand and learn to love more of who you are and those relationships surrounding you.
(952) 522-4921 View (952) 522-4921
Photo of Katey Lindell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chaska, MN
Katey Lindell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chaska, MN 55318  (Online Only)
Right now life feels unstable, confusing, and scary! Over the past year, everything you know has changed. As the person who was already exhausted, struggling in relationships, and overwhelmed with the chaos of your own feelings, thoughts, and behaviors these problems have intensified. You feel lost and alone and you cannot do the activities you used to enjoy.
Right now life feels unstable, confusing, and scary! Over the past year, everything you know has changed. As the person who was already exhausted, struggling in relationships, and overwhelmed with the chaos of your own feelings, thoughts, and behaviors these problems have intensified. You feel lost and alone and you cannot do the activities you used to enjoy.
(952) 856-7396 View (952) 856-7396
Photo of Marbigail Therapy Services LLC. (English&Spanish), Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chaska, MN
Marbigail Therapy Services LLC. (English&Spanish)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318
Los Servicios estan disponibles en Espanol. El primer paso, ya lo tomo. Llamenos. It is not an easy thing to seek help, and whether you decide to call me or someone else, there is no wrong step in that. I believe the therapeutic relationship is key in treatment. I've had my share of struggles, and believe that life and professional experience has prepared me to provide you with creative and effective therapy. My approach is collaborative and empathic, I encourage trust and therapeutic relationship. I'd like to help you figure this out, achieve your goals, reach a healthier life, emotional stability, and a calm state of mind.
Los Servicios estan disponibles en Espanol. El primer paso, ya lo tomo. Llamenos. It is not an easy thing to seek help, and whether you decide to call me or someone else, there is no wrong step in that. I believe the therapeutic relationship is key in treatment. I've had my share of struggles, and believe that life and professional experience has prepared me to provide you with creative and effective therapy. My approach is collaborative and empathic, I encourage trust and therapeutic relationship. I'd like to help you figure this out, achieve your goals, reach a healthier life, emotional stability, and a calm state of mind.
(612) 260-1813 View (612) 260-1813
Photo of Armani Cartlidge, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chaska, MN
Armani Cartlidge
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and Board of Behavioral Health and Therapy approved Supervisor. I began my time at David Hoy & Associates as an intern, and now work as an out-patient therapist. I have experience working with clients from ages 5 to 55 providing services to individuals and their families. My focus surrounds strengthening interpersonal relationships along with working through past trauma in all forms. We are all human and imperfect, yet resilient and capable.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and Board of Behavioral Health and Therapy approved Supervisor. I began my time at David Hoy & Associates as an intern, and now work as an out-patient therapist. I have experience working with clients from ages 5 to 55 providing services to individuals and their families. My focus surrounds strengthening interpersonal relationships along with working through past trauma in all forms. We are all human and imperfect, yet resilient and capable.
(952) 592-8696 View (952) 592-8696
Photo of Thomas Alan McLarnan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chaska, MN
Thomas Alan McLarnan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318
I have been in practice for 30 years. I have learned we all seek to feel valued & safe in our relationships. Sometimes when we are not feeling valued we become angry & in the process self defeating in our behaviors. My goal is to help clients gain confidence so they are better able to get their needs met within their relationships.
I have been in practice for 30 years. I have learned we all seek to feel valued & safe in our relationships. Sometimes when we are not feeling valued we become angry & in the process self defeating in our behaviors. My goal is to help clients gain confidence so they are better able to get their needs met within their relationships.
(612) 260-7409 View (612) 260-7409
Photo of Maggie Wangen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chaska, MN
Maggie Wangen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LICSW
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318
Just when the caterpillar thought the world was over, it became a butterfly. Personal growth and healing are attainable in any stage of life. I enjoy empowering clients by helping them embrace change, create healthier relationships and eventually self-manage their struggles for greater contentment with life. My professional passions include supporting young adults to better understand their thoughts, feelings and behaviors, to challenge old definitions of themselves, break unhealthy cycles and pursue a sense of fulfillment.
Just when the caterpillar thought the world was over, it became a butterfly. Personal growth and healing are attainable in any stage of life. I enjoy empowering clients by helping them embrace change, create healthier relationships and eventually self-manage their struggles for greater contentment with life. My professional passions include supporting young adults to better understand their thoughts, feelings and behaviors, to challenge old definitions of themselves, break unhealthy cycles and pursue a sense of fulfillment.
(320) 589-5947 View (320) 589-5947
Photo of Peg Roberts, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chaska, MN
Peg Roberts
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318  (Online Only)
Peg Roberts, LMFT is licensed as a Marriage, Family, and Individual Therapist. She is also an author and has written a comprehensive workbook “Reclaiming Your Lost Soul: A Soul Seekers Life Guide for Healing Codependency” which outlines the issue of codependency, how it develops, and gives step-by-step strategies for treating the issue. She also works with trauma, anxiety, depression, and relationship issues.
Peg Roberts, LMFT is licensed as a Marriage, Family, and Individual Therapist. She is also an author and has written a comprehensive workbook “Reclaiming Your Lost Soul: A Soul Seekers Life Guide for Healing Codependency” which outlines the issue of codependency, how it develops, and gives step-by-step strategies for treating the issue. She also works with trauma, anxiety, depression, and relationship issues.
(952) 522-9466 View (952) 522-9466
Photo of Doreen Kudrle, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chaska, MN
Doreen Kudrle
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist and I have been working in this field for many years. I provide a wide range of mental health services including diagnostic assessments, individual, couple and family therapy. My main focus with clients is to create a safe, supportive, and positive therapeutic relationship so that healing and growth can occur. Areas of particular interest to me include life transitions, grief and loss, anxiety, depression, and relational difficulties.
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist and I have been working in this field for many years. I provide a wide range of mental health services including diagnostic assessments, individual, couple and family therapy. My main focus with clients is to create a safe, supportive, and positive therapeutic relationship so that healing and growth can occur. Areas of particular interest to me include life transitions, grief and loss, anxiety, depression, and relational difficulties.
(952) 800-9753 View (952) 800-9753
Photo of Jennifer Starks, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chaska, MN
Jennifer Starks
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318  (Online Only)
Are you having difficulty feeling connected in your relationship? Do you find yourself not communicating as well as you would like? You may be tired of feeling distant and disconnected, or constantly not feeling like your relationship is living up to your expectations. Maybe you don't even remember a time when it wasn't this way, but you know you are ready for some relief. You're ready to improve how you talk about feelings. You're ready to live a life where you are excited each day to come home to your partner. Most of all, your ready for intimacy to live up to what you want it to be.
Are you having difficulty feeling connected in your relationship? Do you find yourself not communicating as well as you would like? You may be tired of feeling distant and disconnected, or constantly not feeling like your relationship is living up to your expectations. Maybe you don't even remember a time when it wasn't this way, but you know you are ready for some relief. You're ready to improve how you talk about feelings. You're ready to live a life where you are excited each day to come home to your partner. Most of all, your ready for intimacy to live up to what you want it to be.
(651) 661-5599 View (651) 661-5599
Photo of Tim G Jacquin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chaska, MN
Tim G Jacquin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318
Life can be stressful. Enjoy a relaxing atmosphere and a safe place to talk to have your experiences validated. Together we will explore ways to improve your quality of life and deal with conflicts, anxiety, and stress. I use a person-centered approach to use interventions best suited to your needs.
Life can be stressful. Enjoy a relaxing atmosphere and a safe place to talk to have your experiences validated. Together we will explore ways to improve your quality of life and deal with conflicts, anxiety, and stress. I use a person-centered approach to use interventions best suited to your needs.
(952) 260-6111 View (952) 260-6111
Photo of Kristin Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chaska, MN
Kristin Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chaska, MN 55318
Sometimes we need extra support in this daily thing we call life. Reaching out for help shows courage and strength because you are in charge of the changes you want to make. I will stand by you and meet you where you are at and walk with you toward change. With motivation and coaching, I will help remind you of what you have inside you to make these changes. If you are struggling and not seeing or feeling your true potential, please come and share your story with me.
Sometimes we need extra support in this daily thing we call life. Reaching out for help shows courage and strength because you are in charge of the changes you want to make. I will stand by you and meet you where you are at and walk with you toward change. With motivation and coaching, I will help remind you of what you have inside you to make these changes. If you are struggling and not seeing or feeling your true potential, please come and share your story with me.
(952) 466-6988 View (952) 466-6988

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chaska, MN

40+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chaska, MN who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
87% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
80% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
67% Grief
64% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Aetna
91% Medica
91% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Chaska, MN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chaska?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.