Therapists in Northampton, MA

Photo of Kelly Crowell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Kelly Crowell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
Asking for help is not easy, and finding the right therapist can be even more difficult. I am passionate about helping individuals and families move towards a path of well-being and health. In a safe and caring environment, I work with clients who struggle with a range of issues: anxiety, trauma, depression, relationship difficulties, separation and loss, low self-esteem, lack of motivation, family conflict and parenting. My work is trauma informed and strengths-based. It is important to me that clients feel heard and valued.
Asking for help is not easy, and finding the right therapist can be even more difficult. I am passionate about helping individuals and families move towards a path of well-being and health. In a safe and caring environment, I work with clients who struggle with a range of issues: anxiety, trauma, depression, relationship difficulties, separation and loss, low self-esteem, lack of motivation, family conflict and parenting. My work is trauma informed and strengths-based. It is important to me that clients feel heard and valued.
(413) 299-2721 View (413) 299-2721
Photo of Quinn M. Gathercole, Counselor in Northampton, MA
Quinn M. Gathercole
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
LGBTQ+: I'm a non-binary therapist specializing in adults exploring their gender identity and offer consistent support in all phases of transition. Everyone deserves a life filled with love and happiness. Whether you are starting to question your gender identity, need guidance on how to start your transition, or struggle with other issues as LGBTQ+, together we can work towards an individual plan created just for you. I offer support for those with gender dysphoria, in the kink and BDSM community, or individuals who are struggling with issues within their relationship; monogamous or ethically non-monogamous.
LGBTQ+: I'm a non-binary therapist specializing in adults exploring their gender identity and offer consistent support in all phases of transition. Everyone deserves a life filled with love and happiness. Whether you are starting to question your gender identity, need guidance on how to start your transition, or struggle with other issues as LGBTQ+, together we can work towards an individual plan created just for you. I offer support for those with gender dysphoria, in the kink and BDSM community, or individuals who are struggling with issues within their relationship; monogamous or ethically non-monogamous.
(413) 341-0696 View (413) 341-0696
Photo of Sarah Towers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Sarah Towers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
We all have a story to tell and we are all driven to make meaning of our lives. Much of our suffering—those times of depression, anxiety, and discontent—arises when the weight of the past and the pressures of the present become overwhelming and we lose our sense of being the author of our own story. I have found that when we are allowed to speak in a compassionate space, to be heard, and to welcome our true selves—even the parts of ourselves that we struggle with—we uncover strengths we didn't know we had. We discover possibilities for change and new relationships, and freedom from old and limiting beliefs. We regain our storyline.
We all have a story to tell and we are all driven to make meaning of our lives. Much of our suffering—those times of depression, anxiety, and discontent—arises when the weight of the past and the pressures of the present become overwhelming and we lose our sense of being the author of our own story. I have found that when we are allowed to speak in a compassionate space, to be heard, and to welcome our true selves—even the parts of ourselves that we struggle with—we uncover strengths we didn't know we had. We discover possibilities for change and new relationships, and freedom from old and limiting beliefs. We regain our storyline.
(413) 420-5278 View (413) 420-5278
Photo of Jonathan Stein in Northampton, MA
Jonathan Stein
CTP, CDT, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
What if your biggest struggles - anxiety, self-criticism, depression, to name a few - are actually doorways to freedom and lasting happiness? The inner turmoil you want to escape may be the very portals to profound self-discovery and expanded awareness. My approach blends modern psychology, powerful mindfulness practices, and a perfect dose of psycho-education sprinkled in for good measure. We start by exploring the root causes of your pain. Your life challenges reveal the unconscious beliefs, unresolved emotions, and past hurts driving your distress. As we release these underlying causes, you'll regain peace of mind and happiness.
What if your biggest struggles - anxiety, self-criticism, depression, to name a few - are actually doorways to freedom and lasting happiness? The inner turmoil you want to escape may be the very portals to profound self-discovery and expanded awareness. My approach blends modern psychology, powerful mindfulness practices, and a perfect dose of psycho-education sprinkled in for good measure. We start by exploring the root causes of your pain. Your life challenges reveal the unconscious beliefs, unresolved emotions, and past hurts driving your distress. As we release these underlying causes, you'll regain peace of mind and happiness.
(413) 216-2846 View (413) 216-2846
Photo of Theresa Dahill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Theresa Dahill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
I am accepting new clients! and clients who have Medicare. I also offer Friday and Saturday availability. As a therapist, I want to be able to create a safe and supportive environment to help you navigate life and achieve positive outcomes. My hope is that you feel comfortable enough to be yourself, and feel supported while you continue to heal, thrive and reach your full potential.
I am accepting new clients! and clients who have Medicare. I also offer Friday and Saturday availability. As a therapist, I want to be able to create a safe and supportive environment to help you navigate life and achieve positive outcomes. My hope is that you feel comfortable enough to be yourself, and feel supported while you continue to heal, thrive and reach your full potential.
(413) 298-6544 View (413) 298-6544
Photo of Mary Gooding-Call, Counselor in Northampton, MA
Mary Gooding-Call
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060  (Online Only)
Inquire about waitlist: You are not alone. The people who come to me for therapy find themselves overwhelmed by challenges that cut across layers of their identity. My role is to help my clients navigate what they're facing. I use my skills and experience with LGBTQ, disability, gender, and climate anxiety issues to help you untangle your problems and learn from them. My style is collaborative, supportive, and nurturing. I'll never tell you what to do, but I'll always help you find answers that improve your life and lead you to better mental health and resilience.
Inquire about waitlist: You are not alone. The people who come to me for therapy find themselves overwhelmed by challenges that cut across layers of their identity. My role is to help my clients navigate what they're facing. I use my skills and experience with LGBTQ, disability, gender, and climate anxiety issues to help you untangle your problems and learn from them. My style is collaborative, supportive, and nurturing. I'll never tell you what to do, but I'll always help you find answers that improve your life and lead you to better mental health and resilience.
(351) 777-6348 View (351) 777-6348
Photo of Angela Rietvelt, Counselor in Northampton, MA
Angela Rietvelt
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
Waitlist for new clients
My approach is warm, playful, and relational. I work with children and teens whose stories are in the making; stories that are stored in their bodies and minds; stories that are played out through behaviors and actions. I help interpret behaviors as we work towards change and healing. I engage with children, adolescents and families when something feels “off”, when something bad, sad, or scary happens. Together we work on regulating feelings, thoughts, and experiences in our body. You learn to become more attuned to each other and connect.
My approach is warm, playful, and relational. I work with children and teens whose stories are in the making; stories that are stored in their bodies and minds; stories that are played out through behaviors and actions. I help interpret behaviors as we work towards change and healing. I engage with children, adolescents and families when something feels “off”, when something bad, sad, or scary happens. Together we work on regulating feelings, thoughts, and experiences in our body. You learn to become more attuned to each other and connect.
(413) 553-1737 View (413) 553-1737
Photo of Amy Peterson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Northampton, MA
Amy Peterson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
Waitlist for new clients
*****PLEASE NOTE THAT I AM NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS****** I am an experienced (20 years) psychotherapist with an intuitive, down to earth style. I specialize in LGBTQIA+ issues, relationships, body image and self-esteem, sex and sexuality, working through trauma and family of origin issues, depression, anxiety, first responders and vicarious trauma, creativity and self-expression, and gender variance and transition. My work is relational and is rooted in an awareness of social and cultural realities. I provide a safe, stable, warm environment in which to explore and address your concerns.
*****PLEASE NOTE THAT I AM NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS****** I am an experienced (20 years) psychotherapist with an intuitive, down to earth style. I specialize in LGBTQIA+ issues, relationships, body image and self-esteem, sex and sexuality, working through trauma and family of origin issues, depression, anxiety, first responders and vicarious trauma, creativity and self-expression, and gender variance and transition. My work is relational and is rooted in an awareness of social and cultural realities. I provide a safe, stable, warm environment in which to explore and address your concerns.
(413) 998-0357 View (413) 998-0357
Photo of Miriam Greenbaum Solomon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Miriam Greenbaum Solomon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01062  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
When depression and anxiety become overwhelming, it can interfere with our ability to function on a very basic level. It can also prevent us from experiencing joy and purpose. I take a warm and engaging approach in guiding the therapeutic process for college students, professionals, parents (I'm one!), and seniors living with depression, anxiety, and trauma. My goal is to work together with my clients to navigate life's challenges and improve overall wellbeing.
When depression and anxiety become overwhelming, it can interfere with our ability to function on a very basic level. It can also prevent us from experiencing joy and purpose. I take a warm and engaging approach in guiding the therapeutic process for college students, professionals, parents (I'm one!), and seniors living with depression, anxiety, and trauma. My goal is to work together with my clients to navigate life's challenges and improve overall wellbeing.
(413) 277-7527 View (413) 277-7527
Photo of Jennifer E Baker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Jennifer E Baker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
Let's work together to help you feel better. I have been providing therapy to adults from diverse backgrounds (with an emphasis on college- and grad-school-age adults) for 14 years and recently relocated to Northampton. I have an MA in clinical social work from the University of Chicago, with advanced training in CBT, DBT, ACT and trauma treatment. I specialize in self esteem and self confidence, anxiety, depression, relationship to self and others, and healing from various types of trauma such as physical, verbal, and sexual abuse.
Let's work together to help you feel better. I have been providing therapy to adults from diverse backgrounds (with an emphasis on college- and grad-school-age adults) for 14 years and recently relocated to Northampton. I have an MA in clinical social work from the University of Chicago, with advanced training in CBT, DBT, ACT and trauma treatment. I specialize in self esteem and self confidence, anxiety, depression, relationship to self and others, and healing from various types of trauma such as physical, verbal, and sexual abuse.
(413) 553-1950 View (413) 553-1950
Photo of Kyla Ferguson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Kyla Ferguson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
Not accepting new clients
I draw on psychotherapeutic tools for unwinding deep emotional and belief patters, combined with energy work (reiki), bodywork (acupressure), trauma release, and other energetic modalities for releasing stress and stored trauma. Sessions can be virtual or in person. Please see my website for more info: www.kylafergusonlicsw.com
I draw on psychotherapeutic tools for unwinding deep emotional and belief patters, combined with energy work (reiki), bodywork (acupressure), trauma release, and other energetic modalities for releasing stress and stored trauma. Sessions can be virtual or in person. Please see my website for more info: www.kylafergusonlicsw.com
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Photo of Ira Band, Counselor in Northampton, MA
Ira Band
Counselor, MS, CAGS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
Waitlist for new clients
I have enjoyed working as a therapist for over 30 years in private, medical, agency, and public school settings. My approach is collaborative and goal focused, including active coaching and monitoring of progress toward desired treatment outcomes. Should you be finding yourself in a place of readiness to access or maintain healthier patterns of emotional responding and related behaviors toward your desired outcomes I welcome you to contact me. My practice is active and often full. While my waiting list will vary in length, I do my best to meet the majority of my clients requests in as time efficient manner as possible.
I have enjoyed working as a therapist for over 30 years in private, medical, agency, and public school settings. My approach is collaborative and goal focused, including active coaching and monitoring of progress toward desired treatment outcomes. Should you be finding yourself in a place of readiness to access or maintain healthier patterns of emotional responding and related behaviors toward your desired outcomes I welcome you to contact me. My practice is active and often full. While my waiting list will vary in length, I do my best to meet the majority of my clients requests in as time efficient manner as possible.
(413) 296-1916 View (413) 296-1916
Photo of Joan Berzoff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Joan Berzoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
I have been in practice for almost fifty years. I am the author of six books, forty articles, and am a professor emerita at the Smith College School for Social Work where I co- directed the doctoral program, and directed the theory sequence in the Masters Program for over twenty years. I provide psychodynamicaly oriented relational and insight oriented work with a range of adults who come from many racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds and who have difficulties including anxiety, depression, gender issues, gay lesbian issues, trauma, racial trauma, relationship difficulties and problems in work or retirement.
I have been in practice for almost fifty years. I am the author of six books, forty articles, and am a professor emerita at the Smith College School for Social Work where I co- directed the doctoral program, and directed the theory sequence in the Masters Program for over twenty years. I provide psychodynamicaly oriented relational and insight oriented work with a range of adults who come from many racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds and who have difficulties including anxiety, depression, gender issues, gay lesbian issues, trauma, racial trauma, relationship difficulties and problems in work or retirement.
(413) 485-7428 View (413) 485-7428
Photo of Jim Sharp, Psychologist in Northampton, MA
Jim Sharp
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
Not accepting new clients
I offer a pragmatic, heart-centered approach when working with clients. I believe that a good therapeutic outcome is more than just the reduction of symptoms; it must include the cultivation of positive states as well. In other words, feeling less bad is not the same as feeling good.
I offer a pragmatic, heart-centered approach when working with clients. I believe that a good therapeutic outcome is more than just the reduction of symptoms; it must include the cultivation of positive states as well. In other words, feeling less bad is not the same as feeling good.
(413) 992-6704 View (413) 992-6704
Photo of Amorn O'Connor, Counselor in Northampton, MA
Amorn O'Connor
Counselor, LMHC, R-DMT
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
For young children, behavior is a way to communicate needs. When complex emotions arise through challenging behaviors, parents may be left feeling unsure how to respond. Does your child seem overly anxious? Are they highly distressed when separated from you or more withdrawn than you'd expect? Maybe they've experienced a traumatic or scary event, a significant loss, or you’d like to prepare them for a family life change. Are you an adoptive or foster family wanting help with bonding and building secure attachment? Do you hope to gain clearer insight into your child’s needs and support them through a stressful time?
For young children, behavior is a way to communicate needs. When complex emotions arise through challenging behaviors, parents may be left feeling unsure how to respond. Does your child seem overly anxious? Are they highly distressed when separated from you or more withdrawn than you'd expect? Maybe they've experienced a traumatic or scary event, a significant loss, or you’d like to prepare them for a family life change. Are you an adoptive or foster family wanting help with bonding and building secure attachment? Do you hope to gain clearer insight into your child’s needs and support them through a stressful time?
(413) 216-6165 View (413) 216-6165
Photo of Anne Parente, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Anne Parente, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
*I am not able to accept new clients at this time.* By listening deeply, providing insight, coaching and support we collaborate to move past self-defeating patterns that interfere with your living well. As a seasoned psychotherapist and life coach with 30 years experience I believe in each person's singular life path and inherent capacity to heal and grow. Drawing on mindfulness and body-based wisdom we focus your strengths to transform fear into hope, confusion into direction. I work well with people who are stuck emotionally in themselves or in their relationships; people who have experienced trauma; people desiring change.
*I am not able to accept new clients at this time.* By listening deeply, providing insight, coaching and support we collaborate to move past self-defeating patterns that interfere with your living well. As a seasoned psychotherapist and life coach with 30 years experience I believe in each person's singular life path and inherent capacity to heal and grow. Drawing on mindfulness and body-based wisdom we focus your strengths to transform fear into hope, confusion into direction. I work well with people who are stuck emotionally in themselves or in their relationships; people who have experienced trauma; people desiring change.
(413) 239-3444 View (413) 239-3444
Photo of Amy L Fowler, Psychologist in Northampton, MA
Amy L Fowler
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
Waitlist for new clients
My specialties include health psychology, relationship issues, depression, anxiety and addictions. I run support groups for MS and Huntington's disease as part of my practice. I have a pragmatic approach to treatment in terms of adapting interventions to meet the needs of the individual. I am interested in mindfulness and its impact on well being. There are so many opportunities to bring about positive change by altering how we relate to both present circumstances and past experience.
My specialties include health psychology, relationship issues, depression, anxiety and addictions. I run support groups for MS and Huntington's disease as part of my practice. I have a pragmatic approach to treatment in terms of adapting interventions to meet the needs of the individual. I am interested in mindfulness and its impact on well being. There are so many opportunities to bring about positive change by altering how we relate to both present circumstances and past experience.
(413) 285-3190 View (413) 285-3190
Photo of Nina Frank, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Nina Frank
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
**Email is preferred contact method for first time clients** Have you been feeling stuck, unmotivated, anxious or depressed? Do you find that events from the past getting in the way of living in the way you would like to be? My role as a psychotherapist is to help you move through these feelings to reach your goals. I cultivate a supportive environment in which, together we can uncover the root cause of your struggles, help you heal from the past and develop skills to help you successfully move forward.
**Email is preferred contact method for first time clients** Have you been feeling stuck, unmotivated, anxious or depressed? Do you find that events from the past getting in the way of living in the way you would like to be? My role as a psychotherapist is to help you move through these feelings to reach your goals. I cultivate a supportive environment in which, together we can uncover the root cause of your struggles, help you heal from the past and develop skills to help you successfully move forward.
(413) 372-8276 View (413) 372-8276
Photo of Gary Blaser, Counselor in Northampton, MA
Gary Blaser
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
By listening with deep compassion and acceptance, I collaborate with people as they expand their ability to belong to themselves. Through our time together we will affirm your inherent goodness during troubling life events. Our feelings and sensations are a natural and organic response to life. Our bodies, being the center of human experience, are the greatest sources of guidance through feelings, sensations, and reactions. When our natural response to life is shamed or rejected we cease belonging to life and to ourselves. When we are able to allow these feelings to flow through us, our whole selves become a part of life.
By listening with deep compassion and acceptance, I collaborate with people as they expand their ability to belong to themselves. Through our time together we will affirm your inherent goodness during troubling life events. Our feelings and sensations are a natural and organic response to life. Our bodies, being the center of human experience, are the greatest sources of guidance through feelings, sensations, and reactions. When our natural response to life is shamed or rejected we cease belonging to life and to ourselves. When we are able to allow these feelings to flow through us, our whole selves become a part of life.
(413) 314-2523 View (413) 314-2523
Photo of Madeline Nussbaum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northampton, MA
Madeline Nussbaum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
I believe that therapy should help you access your innate intuition and insight, and that the therapist's role is to provide support and guidance through that process. My work is deeply informed by social justice and I am committed to helping people feel empowered while examining the structures and systems in place that create marginalization. I draw on narrative, relational, feminist, and transfeminist approaches in therapy and I weave in evidence based practices such as EMDR and CBT when needed.
I believe that therapy should help you access your innate intuition and insight, and that the therapist's role is to provide support and guidance through that process. My work is deeply informed by social justice and I am committed to helping people feel empowered while examining the structures and systems in place that create marginalization. I draw on narrative, relational, feminist, and transfeminist approaches in therapy and I weave in evidence based practices such as EMDR and CBT when needed.
(413) 553-1328 View (413) 553-1328

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Northampton, MA

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Northampton, MA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
66% Grief
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% BlueCross and BlueShield
47% Optum
45% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Northampton, MA see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
22% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Northampton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.