Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Dr. Whitney Zweifel, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Whitney Zweifel
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
The path of change, growth and healing undoubtedly requires courage and vulnerability. Many of these strengths are called upon even in deciding to start therapy, as doing so can evoke fear, concern and/or embarrassment. While these feelings are very real, they may also drown out the voice saying you’re worthy of being supported, heard and understood. I’d like you to take this opportunity to recognize and appreciate your commitment and bravery to yourself, and know that it is this commitment, alongside my commitment to you, that will guide you towards becoming your best self.
The path of change, growth and healing undoubtedly requires courage and vulnerability. Many of these strengths are called upon even in deciding to start therapy, as doing so can evoke fear, concern and/or embarrassment. While these feelings are very real, they may also drown out the voice saying you’re worthy of being supported, heard and understood. I’d like you to take this opportunity to recognize and appreciate your commitment and bravery to yourself, and know that it is this commitment, alongside my commitment to you, that will guide you towards becoming your best self.
(312) 752-4335 View (312) 752-4335
Photo of Stacey Seibold, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Stacey Seibold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
I pride myself on meeting my clients where they are to walk alongside them as they heal & create their best life. We all at times go through periods when processing, whether towards change or healing, becomes necessary. I hope to make that process a bit more comfortable, so that you are not alone, and also to help you move through your journey with integrity and intention. Many of my clients report feeling it to be easier to approach difficult topics due to us having a friendly relationship as a foundation. I believe that foundation is in part created due to our efforts in seeing and validating their own internal strengths.
I pride myself on meeting my clients where they are to walk alongside them as they heal & create their best life. We all at times go through periods when processing, whether towards change or healing, becomes necessary. I hope to make that process a bit more comfortable, so that you are not alone, and also to help you move through your journey with integrity and intention. Many of my clients report feeling it to be easier to approach difficult topics due to us having a friendly relationship as a foundation. I believe that foundation is in part created due to our efforts in seeing and validating their own internal strengths.
(224) 261-7610 View (224) 261-7610
Photo of Dustin Siegel, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dustin Siegel
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
If you find that thoughts, feelings, and urges are getting in the way of living your best life, I will help you develop new skills to address these difficulties. Whether you are struggling with intrusive thoughts, motivation difficulties, anxiety or fears about the world or the future, I will create an individualized treatment plan that helps you move forward in life. Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), our sessions will examine the factors that are getting in the way before working on concrete steps to overcome these difficulties.
If you find that thoughts, feelings, and urges are getting in the way of living your best life, I will help you develop new skills to address these difficulties. Whether you are struggling with intrusive thoughts, motivation difficulties, anxiety or fears about the world or the future, I will create an individualized treatment plan that helps you move forward in life. Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), our sessions will examine the factors that are getting in the way before working on concrete steps to overcome these difficulties.
(847) 230-4293 View (847) 230-4293
Photo of Kayo Curra, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Kayo Curra
Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
I believe that, for the most part, we’re all doing our best. But I also believe that people are often capable of much more than we tend to give ourselves credit for, because it can be hard to find the power and strength we have inside ourselves when we feel unseen and unheard. I think that’s why therapy can be such an important and effective intervention for a lot of people. I never want a client to feel like they have to be in therapy forever, but I’m happy to stay in the journey with them as long as they want to be there.
I believe that, for the most part, we’re all doing our best. But I also believe that people are often capable of much more than we tend to give ourselves credit for, because it can be hard to find the power and strength we have inside ourselves when we feel unseen and unheard. I think that’s why therapy can be such an important and effective intervention for a lot of people. I never want a client to feel like they have to be in therapy forever, but I’m happy to stay in the journey with them as long as they want to be there.
(773) 309-6459 View (773) 309-6459
Photo of Patricia A McKenna, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Patricia A McKenna
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
Clients often come to therapy with confusion, frustration, or shame about why they are experiencing the symptoms or problems that distress them. A very important part of psychotherapy is becoming more curious about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that initially may seem to make no sense and have no useful purpose. When we come to appreciate that even distressing or self-destructive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors have important things to tell us, we can begin to experience empathy for ourselves, make sense of our distress, and turn toward making desired changes.
Clients often come to therapy with confusion, frustration, or shame about why they are experiencing the symptoms or problems that distress them. A very important part of psychotherapy is becoming more curious about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that initially may seem to make no sense and have no useful purpose. When we come to appreciate that even distressing or self-destructive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors have important things to tell us, we can begin to experience empathy for ourselves, make sense of our distress, and turn toward making desired changes.
(872) 713-9663 View (872) 713-9663
Photo of Shelby Plummer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Shelby Plummer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
Waitlist for new clients
I have worked with a wide array of individuals across many different intersections of identity and with many different presenting concerns/therapeutic goals. I enjoy working with every individual and find that I work best with folks who are hoping to take a more curious and compassionate approach to self-understanding and their mental health. While I am well-versed in the clinical side of therapy, my clients are the experts in themselves and their lived experiences. It is important for me to understand your value system and adapt our work together accordingly.
I have worked with a wide array of individuals across many different intersections of identity and with many different presenting concerns/therapeutic goals. I enjoy working with every individual and find that I work best with folks who are hoping to take a more curious and compassionate approach to self-understanding and their mental health. While I am well-versed in the clinical side of therapy, my clients are the experts in themselves and their lived experiences. It is important for me to understand your value system and adapt our work together accordingly.
(312) 757-8033 View (312) 757-8033
Photo of Alexa L. Serao, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Alexa L. Serao
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60661
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the stressors in your life, longing for practical solutions to regain control and balance? Stress, anxiety, and uncertainty have taken a toll on your well-being. You wonder what it would be like to break free from that grip. You tend to bottle up your emotions, but are yearning for a safe space to process and grow. Good news: you don't have to do it alone. Together, we'll unpack the weight of your worries and explore the narratives keeping you stuck. Picture yourself gaining the skills to navigate through life's challenges and reclaiming your sense of stability and confidence.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the stressors in your life, longing for practical solutions to regain control and balance? Stress, anxiety, and uncertainty have taken a toll on your well-being. You wonder what it would be like to break free from that grip. You tend to bottle up your emotions, but are yearning for a safe space to process and grow. Good news: you don't have to do it alone. Together, we'll unpack the weight of your worries and explore the narratives keeping you stuck. Picture yourself gaining the skills to navigate through life's challenges and reclaiming your sense of stability and confidence.
(312) 815-2523 View (312) 815-2523
Photo of Stephanie Willis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Stephanie Willis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, CADC, LPC
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
Anyone who is looking to find someone they can trust to talk about personal and difficult issues will feel comfortable seeking therapy at my office. I work to guide others to reach their goals not force or judge. I feel comfortable working with adults and teens who may be depressed, bi-polar or have anxiety concerns. Clients can expect honest and direct feedback in addition to support.
Anyone who is looking to find someone they can trust to talk about personal and difficult issues will feel comfortable seeking therapy at my office. I work to guide others to reach their goals not force or judge. I feel comfortable working with adults and teens who may be depressed, bi-polar or have anxiety concerns. Clients can expect honest and direct feedback in addition to support.
(312) 698-3703 View (312) 698-3703
Photo of Jacob Kaufman, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Jacob Kaufman
Counselor, JD, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60604
Sometimes it is time to just stop. Stop believing that voice in your head that is so demanding, so critical, so unkind. Stop running, stop fighting, stop avoiding, stop numbing. Sometimes it is time to start. Start waking up, start feeling more alive, start coming home, start loving yourself and others more deeply than ever before. Becoming more present in this constantly beeping and flickering culture of ours is the major personal challenge of the 21st century. Feelings of joy and contentment take place now, not in the future or the past. Experiencing your feelings fully is the key to opening the door to a more satisfying life.
Sometimes it is time to just stop. Stop believing that voice in your head that is so demanding, so critical, so unkind. Stop running, stop fighting, stop avoiding, stop numbing. Sometimes it is time to start. Start waking up, start feeling more alive, start coming home, start loving yourself and others more deeply than ever before. Becoming more present in this constantly beeping and flickering culture of ours is the major personal challenge of the 21st century. Feelings of joy and contentment take place now, not in the future or the past. Experiencing your feelings fully is the key to opening the door to a more satisfying life.
(630) 912-0284 View (630) 912-0284
Photo of Sydney Walden, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Sydney Walden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW, MDiv
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60605
** ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. EVENINGS & WEEKENDS AVAILABLE** Your experiences have forged lifelong crucial connections and skills that may be hard to see right now. Overwhelming burdens, loss, pain, self-doubt and disappointment can overshadow strengths and relationships. You and I will use your strengths, improve your relationships and develop new skills to build positive ways of thinking and living that can help you reach your goals. My practice areas include anxiety and OCD, complex trauma/PTSD, grief and loss, LGBTQIA issues and chronic pain.
** ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. EVENINGS & WEEKENDS AVAILABLE** Your experiences have forged lifelong crucial connections and skills that may be hard to see right now. Overwhelming burdens, loss, pain, self-doubt and disappointment can overshadow strengths and relationships. You and I will use your strengths, improve your relationships and develop new skills to build positive ways of thinking and living that can help you reach your goals. My practice areas include anxiety and OCD, complex trauma/PTSD, grief and loss, LGBTQIA issues and chronic pain.
(630) 509-7834 View (630) 509-7834
Photo of Natalie Ann Sprovieri, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Natalie Ann Sprovieri
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
Feeling like the weight of the world is on your chest recently? My name is Natalie, and I am a licensed professional counselor. I believe in the power of a strong therapeutic relationship, and I value creating a safe and inclusive space for my clients to explore life’s challenges. To me, therapy is a place to slow down, feel, connect, get creative, and shed judgement. I am a therapist who will choose interventions based on client’s needs. There are all kinds of ways to create “good therapy” and I would love help to co-create what that looks like for you.
Feeling like the weight of the world is on your chest recently? My name is Natalie, and I am a licensed professional counselor. I believe in the power of a strong therapeutic relationship, and I value creating a safe and inclusive space for my clients to explore life’s challenges. To me, therapy is a place to slow down, feel, connect, get creative, and shed judgement. I am a therapist who will choose interventions based on client’s needs. There are all kinds of ways to create “good therapy” and I would love help to co-create what that looks like for you.
(872) 274-2869 View (872) 274-2869
Photo of Delilah Ortiz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Delilah Ortiz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, a challenging relationship, or loss of a sense of self that affects your day-to-day life? Do you feel exhausted by just getting through the day and feeling like no one understands what you're going through? Do you wonder if that feeling could go away and you could feel better? Now more than ever people are feeling overwhelmed and anxious about finding their place in life and how to manage their emotions. I believe there is hope and answers, and people should not feel they have to figure things out all on their own.
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, a challenging relationship, or loss of a sense of self that affects your day-to-day life? Do you feel exhausted by just getting through the day and feeling like no one understands what you're going through? Do you wonder if that feeling could go away and you could feel better? Now more than ever people are feeling overwhelmed and anxious about finding their place in life and how to manage their emotions. I believe there is hope and answers, and people should not feel they have to figure things out all on their own.
(224) 279-6951 View (224) 279-6951
Photo of Gia Scalise in Chicago, IL
Gia Scalise
LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
As a therapist and storyteller, I strongly believe that we are all the experts of our own stories. That being said, it can feel like someone else has taken up the pen during times of stress or emotional upheaval. Our stories aren’t linear and they don't exist in a vacuum; systems of power, privilege, and oppression, relationships, intersecting identities, and cultural values & norm can greatly affect the way in which we move through the world. My goal is to help you pick the pen back up, create a safe space for you to look at your experiences, and decide what role they will continue to play in your story.
As a therapist and storyteller, I strongly believe that we are all the experts of our own stories. That being said, it can feel like someone else has taken up the pen during times of stress or emotional upheaval. Our stories aren’t linear and they don't exist in a vacuum; systems of power, privilege, and oppression, relationships, intersecting identities, and cultural values & norm can greatly affect the way in which we move through the world. My goal is to help you pick the pen back up, create a safe space for you to look at your experiences, and decide what role they will continue to play in your story.
(312) 757-8770 x27 View (312) 757-8770 x27
Photo of Maggie Testani, LPC Intern in Chicago, IL
Maggie Testani
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
It's wonderful to meet you! My name is Maggie, and I'm a completing my clinical internship at Fleming Family Therapy. After working as a high school teacher for a number of years, I decided to pursue my graduate degree in counseling at Wake Forest University.
It's wonderful to meet you! My name is Maggie, and I'm a completing my clinical internship at Fleming Family Therapy. After working as a high school teacher for a number of years, I decided to pursue my graduate degree in counseling at Wake Forest University.
(312) 779-1195 View (312) 779-1195
Photo of Josie Dangler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Josie Dangler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
Connecting with ourselves is a crucial and often overlooked practice. I understand the courage it requires to take this first step of reaching out. Starting or continuing therapy is a wonderful way to understand and address your mental health, hardships, and the effects of everyday life on your well-being. I hope to offer a compassionate and collaborative space that fosters connection and healing. In therapy, we will work together to set treatment goals and highlight your strengths. I will work with you to navigate and accept thoughts and feelings, which is essential when working toward positive change.
Connecting with ourselves is a crucial and often overlooked practice. I understand the courage it requires to take this first step of reaching out. Starting or continuing therapy is a wonderful way to understand and address your mental health, hardships, and the effects of everyday life on your well-being. I hope to offer a compassionate and collaborative space that fosters connection and healing. In therapy, we will work together to set treatment goals and highlight your strengths. I will work with you to navigate and accept thoughts and feelings, which is essential when working toward positive change.
(773) 729-6998 View (773) 729-6998
Photo of Marvin D. Evans, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Marvin D. Evans
Counselor, MS, MBA, LCPC, CSOTP, CGP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603
We're all just trying to make sense of this thing called life. Some of us are empowered while others struggle. No matter where you might find yourself on this continuum, I can help you. Whether we explore what it means to be more fully actualized or simply craft a space for you to catch your breath during a particular challenging time in your life, I aim to support and walk with you through whatever you present with. It takes courage and ego-strength to know when you want help. Let me be among the first to congratulate and assist you.
We're all just trying to make sense of this thing called life. Some of us are empowered while others struggle. No matter where you might find yourself on this continuum, I can help you. Whether we explore what it means to be more fully actualized or simply craft a space for you to catch your breath during a particular challenging time in your life, I aim to support and walk with you through whatever you present with. It takes courage and ego-strength to know when you want help. Let me be among the first to congratulate and assist you.
(773) 839-4206 View (773) 839-4206
Photo of Gina Bartucci, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Gina Bartucci
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60604  (Online Only)
I believe we all have potential to enjoy the simple things, but we frequently get caught up in the difficulty of past experiences and patterns. Bringing awareness to who we are, and what we are experiencing in the here and now while moving closer to our true nature is the most important journey in our lifetime. Supporting you in any step on that journey would be my joy and privilege.
I believe we all have potential to enjoy the simple things, but we frequently get caught up in the difficulty of past experiences and patterns. Bringing awareness to who we are, and what we are experiencing in the here and now while moving closer to our true nature is the most important journey in our lifetime. Supporting you in any step on that journey would be my joy and privilege.
(773) 756-5144 View (773) 756-5144
Photo of Danielle Renyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Danielle Renyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60625
I take an empathetic and client centered approach to therapy, recognizing that it takes a lot of courage and vulnerability to take the steps towards making positive changes in your life. I believe that all individuals have the tools to be successful in life and empower clients to use their strengths to make change. I value the therapeutic relationship and take a collaborative approach to working with children and adolescents.
I take an empathetic and client centered approach to therapy, recognizing that it takes a lot of courage and vulnerability to take the steps towards making positive changes in your life. I believe that all individuals have the tools to be successful in life and empower clients to use their strengths to make change. I value the therapeutic relationship and take a collaborative approach to working with children and adolescents.
(773) 694-8071 View (773) 694-8071
Photo of Megan Evans, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Megan Evans
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
I am passionate about supporting clients as they navigate the struggles they face in their internal and external worlds. Challenges like anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem can leave people feeling stuck in uncomfortable patterns. Together in a collaborative environment, we will address your concerns by looking at how your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors can impact one another. We will explore what growth means to you and build coping skills that help maintain real, meaningful, and lasting change.
I am passionate about supporting clients as they navigate the struggles they face in their internal and external worlds. Challenges like anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem can leave people feeling stuck in uncomfortable patterns. Together in a collaborative environment, we will address your concerns by looking at how your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors can impact one another. We will explore what growth means to you and build coping skills that help maintain real, meaningful, and lasting change.
(872) 245-0158 View (872) 245-0158
Photo of Julia Wegmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Julia Wegmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
Not accepting new clients
Unexpected or upsetting changes in life and relationships can cause stress, anxiety, and uncertainty about the future. My mission as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker is to provide accessible, engaging therapy that assists you in learning effective coping tools, growth in your self-acceptance, and achievement of your goals. I provide in-person and virtual psychotherapy for adults, and specialize in working with: depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, trauma, grief and loss, health issues, and life transitions. I also enjoy working with couples, and individuals who are becoming new parents.
Unexpected or upsetting changes in life and relationships can cause stress, anxiety, and uncertainty about the future. My mission as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker is to provide accessible, engaging therapy that assists you in learning effective coping tools, growth in your self-acceptance, and achievement of your goals. I provide in-person and virtual psychotherapy for adults, and specialize in working with: depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, trauma, grief and loss, health issues, and life transitions. I also enjoy working with couples, and individuals who are becoming new parents.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.