Photo of Jenn Torres Duran, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Jenn Torres Duran
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Change is terrifying, but it can also be beautiful. It can be difficult to navigate cultural, societal, familial, & even personal expectations to give life to your true authentic self. From navigating anxiety, working to understand your sexual/gender identity, navigating what aspects of your cultural make sense for you, depression, or even just trying to get the world to acknowledge you as the person you are - I'm so glad you haven't given up. The change you're working towards will be worth it and oh-so spectacular. I know you have the power, skills, & desire to Transform Your Story. I'm honored to help you any way I can.
Change is terrifying, but it can also be beautiful. It can be difficult to navigate cultural, societal, familial, & even personal expectations to give life to your true authentic self. From navigating anxiety, working to understand your sexual/gender identity, navigating what aspects of your cultural make sense for you, depression, or even just trying to get the world to acknowledge you as the person you are - I'm so glad you haven't given up. The change you're working towards will be worth it and oh-so spectacular. I know you have the power, skills, & desire to Transform Your Story. I'm honored to help you any way I can.
(669) 288-1417 View (669) 288-1417
Photo of John Hanig, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
John Hanig
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94103
I specialize in working with queer, gay, bisexual, & transgender adults & adolescents in California. I am most passionate about providing advocacy for cultural and economic diversity in our community and serving LGBTQ+ people experiencing depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Engaging in therapy is more important than ever especially in response to our current political climate and recent backlash of conservative values showing incredible disrespect toward the LGBTQ+ community and throwing extra stress at immigrant populations and communities of Color.
I specialize in working with queer, gay, bisexual, & transgender adults & adolescents in California. I am most passionate about providing advocacy for cultural and economic diversity in our community and serving LGBTQ+ people experiencing depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Engaging in therapy is more important than ever especially in response to our current political climate and recent backlash of conservative values showing incredible disrespect toward the LGBTQ+ community and throwing extra stress at immigrant populations and communities of Color.
(415) 504-3833 View (415) 504-3833
Photo of Lyle Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Lyle Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
You wake up in the morning and immediately want to go back to sleep. You feel overwhelmed and exhausted by everyday microaggressions and outright bigotry. You want acceptance and understanding, but it just seems like nothing will ever change. You feel isolated, anxious, and afraid for the future. If this sounds familiar, I want you to know that you are not alone. Help is available. I specialize in working with clients across the LGBTQAI+ spectrum on issues such as being true to oneself, managing anger, self-harming behaviors, trauma, and neurodiversity.
You wake up in the morning and immediately want to go back to sleep. You feel overwhelmed and exhausted by everyday microaggressions and outright bigotry. You want acceptance and understanding, but it just seems like nothing will ever change. You feel isolated, anxious, and afraid for the future. If this sounds familiar, I want you to know that you are not alone. Help is available. I specialize in working with clients across the LGBTQAI+ spectrum on issues such as being true to oneself, managing anger, self-harming behaviors, trauma, and neurodiversity.
(415) 853-9264 View (415) 853-9264
Photo of Stephanie Lay, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Stephanie Lay
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Stephanie specializes in working with young people (12 - 30 years old), queer populations, people in transition (gender, sexuality, and life), and nerds, geeks & gamers. Their clinical specialities include suicidal ideation, self harm, depression, anxiety, sexuality, gender identity, and sexual abuse/assault.
Stephanie specializes in working with young people (12 - 30 years old), queer populations, people in transition (gender, sexuality, and life), and nerds, geeks & gamers. Their clinical specialities include suicidal ideation, self harm, depression, anxiety, sexuality, gender identity, and sexual abuse/assault.
(650) 481-9439 View (650) 481-9439
Photo of Karisa Quick, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Karisa Quick
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, M A ED, LPCC, PPS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94103  (Online Only)
LGBTQ+, EMDR, trauma, Religious deconversion, EMDR. I’m a queer, non-binary therapist who loves helping people recover from painful experiences, deal with life stress, and take control of their lives. We will take steps together to help you move toward your ideal self by focusing on your healing, goals, dreams, passions, fears, and unique qualities. Therapy is personal and beautiful and can bring up difficult feelings. We will work to help you feel safe and develop skills to deal with these intense emotions. I only work with adult individuals at this time. I am in-network with some insurances and I also offer Superbills!
LGBTQ+, EMDR, trauma, Religious deconversion, EMDR. I’m a queer, non-binary therapist who loves helping people recover from painful experiences, deal with life stress, and take control of their lives. We will take steps together to help you move toward your ideal self by focusing on your healing, goals, dreams, passions, fears, and unique qualities. Therapy is personal and beautiful and can bring up difficult feelings. We will work to help you feel safe and develop skills to deal with these intense emotions. I only work with adult individuals at this time. I am in-network with some insurances and I also offer Superbills!
(909) 244-3219 View (909) 244-3219
Photo of Christhmus (Christopher Chu) Presence, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Christhmus (Christopher Chu) Presence
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Offering CA-based Telehealth ideal for BIPOC: Black, Indigenous, &/or People of Color, including white-passing & mixed-race BIPOC. Also welcoming Families & Partnerships with 1 or more BIPOC in regular attendance. I offer Xychotherapy: psychotherapy that recognizes therapeutic experiences existed long before psychotherapy was invented, and incorporates psychotherapy into global therapeutic wisdoms and practices.
Offering CA-based Telehealth ideal for BIPOC: Black, Indigenous, &/or People of Color, including white-passing & mixed-race BIPOC. Also welcoming Families & Partnerships with 1 or more BIPOC in regular attendance. I offer Xychotherapy: psychotherapy that recognizes therapeutic experiences existed long before psychotherapy was invented, and incorporates psychotherapy into global therapeutic wisdoms and practices.
View
Photo of Meredith Holmes, Psychological Associate in San Francisco, CA
Meredith Holmes
Psychological Associate, MSW, MSCP
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
I am a dedicated and compassionate mental health professional with over 6 years of experience as a psychotherapist and over 16 years of experience as a social worker. I support and empower clients who have a range of concerns including adjusting to life transitions, relationship challenges, exploring various aspects of identity (i.e., race, sexuality, gender), trauma, grief and loss, navigating the world as a neurodivergent person, and more. When appropriate, I utilize humor in the therapy room, and I also welcome exploring creative ways of healing through avenues such as art, music, and play.
I am a dedicated and compassionate mental health professional with over 6 years of experience as a psychotherapist and over 16 years of experience as a social worker. I support and empower clients who have a range of concerns including adjusting to life transitions, relationship challenges, exploring various aspects of identity (i.e., race, sexuality, gender), trauma, grief and loss, navigating the world as a neurodivergent person, and more. When appropriate, I utilize humor in the therapy room, and I also welcome exploring creative ways of healing through avenues such as art, music, and play.
(415) 874-0759 View (415) 874-0759
Photo of Victoria Julita Spiers, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Victoria Julita Spiers
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131
Waitlist for new clients
As a non-pathologizing humanistic-existential Gestalt therapist, I will meet you exactly where you are. I recognize that you are the expert of your own experience and that you already possess the skills that will aid you in healing your pain. As your empathic witness, advocate, and guide, I will help you increase your self-awareness, self-acceptance, and sense of agency. Essentially, I will help you re-examine your life and re-experience yourself and others, in different as well as new meaningful and healing ways. My approach is mindful, intuitive, and tenderhearted.
As a non-pathologizing humanistic-existential Gestalt therapist, I will meet you exactly where you are. I recognize that you are the expert of your own experience and that you already possess the skills that will aid you in healing your pain. As your empathic witness, advocate, and guide, I will help you increase your self-awareness, self-acceptance, and sense of agency. Essentially, I will help you re-examine your life and re-experience yourself and others, in different as well as new meaningful and healing ways. My approach is mindful, intuitive, and tenderhearted.
(628) 888-6233 View (628) 888-6233
Photo of Lisa Woffington, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lisa Woffington
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
I believe in the power of change and the positive impact a supportive therapeutic connection can have in promoting growth and transformation. I offer compassionate caring to clients seeking tools for increased coping, greater self-understanding and relief from emotional pain. As a holistic therapist, I will utilize a blend of cognitive and somatic approaches, paying particular attention to breath and mindfulness. I can assist you in self discovery, teach you new tools for self acceptance, and help you build stronger self-esteem, and resiliency.
I believe in the power of change and the positive impact a supportive therapeutic connection can have in promoting growth and transformation. I offer compassionate caring to clients seeking tools for increased coping, greater self-understanding and relief from emotional pain. As a holistic therapist, I will utilize a blend of cognitive and somatic approaches, paying particular attention to breath and mindfulness. I can assist you in self discovery, teach you new tools for self acceptance, and help you build stronger self-esteem, and resiliency.
(831) 618-2134 View (831) 618-2134
Photo of Dre Merkey, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Dre Merkey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94107
Have you been going through big changes in your life? Do you feel like you've lost a lot, whether that's a part of yourself or an important relationship? Are you struggling to figure out who you are and what comes next? I'd love to be a part of your honorable journey in figuring out how to support. We are each born into this world filled with curiosity and hope, and unfortunately that doesn't always remain due to the hardships life brings. In my practice I will show up authentically and humbly. You know you best, and you truly are the expert of your own life!
Have you been going through big changes in your life? Do you feel like you've lost a lot, whether that's a part of yourself or an important relationship? Are you struggling to figure out who you are and what comes next? I'd love to be a part of your honorable journey in figuring out how to support. We are each born into this world filled with curiosity and hope, and unfortunately that doesn't always remain due to the hardships life brings. In my practice I will show up authentically and humbly. You know you best, and you truly are the expert of your own life!
(916) 269-5053 View (916) 269-5053
Photo of Ida Ahmadi, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Ida Ahmadi
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
Waitlist for new clients
If you've ever felt lost or stuck in a painful pattern or conflict, or struggle with overwhelming emotions, or have trouble connecting with them, therapy with me is a profound way to discover yourself again and have new experiences. To restore balance and flexibility, and to reawaken your inherent capacity for joy and resilience. I listen with attention, empathy, & curiosity as we encounter and explore your conflicts, pains, and desires. We accomplish your goals by concentrating on what is important to you in a space where you will be listened to and heard, and where we will share an honest & accurate reflection of your experience.
If you've ever felt lost or stuck in a painful pattern or conflict, or struggle with overwhelming emotions, or have trouble connecting with them, therapy with me is a profound way to discover yourself again and have new experiences. To restore balance and flexibility, and to reawaken your inherent capacity for joy and resilience. I listen with attention, empathy, & curiosity as we encounter and explore your conflicts, pains, and desires. We accomplish your goals by concentrating on what is important to you in a space where you will be listened to and heard, and where we will share an honest & accurate reflection of your experience.
(510) 256-7495 View (510) 256-7495
Photo of San Francisco Intimacy & Sex Therapy Center, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Francisco, CA
San Francisco Intimacy & Sex Therapy Center
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
East Bay Intimacy & Sex Therapy Center was created with the goal of making the practice of sex & intimacy therapy more relationship-focused & accessible, without the stigma & confusion that often accompanies misperceptions about couples & sex therapy. We offer attachment-based sex therapy & couples counseling. We believe that healthy relationships are at the core of how change & healing occur. Having a healthy sexual relationship to one's self or partner(s) is vital to overall wellbeing. We strive to support & promote lifelong change that will allow you to form sustainable, loving & equitable relationships, & an overall sense of health wellbeing.
East Bay Intimacy & Sex Therapy Center was created with the goal of making the practice of sex & intimacy therapy more relationship-focused & accessible, without the stigma & confusion that often accompanies misperceptions about couples & sex therapy. We offer attachment-based sex therapy & couples counseling. We believe that healthy relationships are at the core of how change & healing occur. Having a healthy sexual relationship to one's self or partner(s) is vital to overall wellbeing. We strive to support & promote lifelong change that will allow you to form sustainable, loving & equitable relationships, & an overall sense of health wellbeing.
(510) 694-2664 View (510) 694-2664
Photo of Sam Davis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sam Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105
I am a trans Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in working with trans, queer, genderqueer, and gender-nonconforming teens and adults. I have a non-pathologizing approach and deeply value identities outside the "norm." I have fifteen years of experience as a mental health provider, including support groups with teens and adults, individual therapy, and crisis work. I am a Bay Area activist who has fought for transgender rights by organizing provider trainings and public demonstrations. I am a visual artist and storyteller who believes that underrepresented individuals expressing themselves creatively and authentically is powerful and important.
I am a trans Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in working with trans, queer, genderqueer, and gender-nonconforming teens and adults. I have a non-pathologizing approach and deeply value identities outside the "norm." I have fifteen years of experience as a mental health provider, including support groups with teens and adults, individual therapy, and crisis work. I am a Bay Area activist who has fought for transgender rights by organizing provider trainings and public demonstrations. I am a visual artist and storyteller who believes that underrepresented individuals expressing themselves creatively and authentically is powerful and important.
(781) 417-5129 View (781) 417-5129
Photo of Phoenix Song, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Phoenix Song
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, CHT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94121
As an LGBTQIA empath, intuitive, or highly sensitive person, you experience this world in a deeper, more complex, intuitive way - including painful experiences of trauma. With so much pain in the world, it's hard to care for your own feelings and needs, let alone heal from your experiences of trauma. I specialize in supporting LGBTQIA empaths to heal from the trauma of oppression, abuse, and sexual violence and reclaim their gifts and voice. To embody their own sacred needs and ways of being, and find sustainable, empowered ways to integrate empathy, spirituality, community, and nourished activism.
As an LGBTQIA empath, intuitive, or highly sensitive person, you experience this world in a deeper, more complex, intuitive way - including painful experiences of trauma. With so much pain in the world, it's hard to care for your own feelings and needs, let alone heal from your experiences of trauma. I specialize in supporting LGBTQIA empaths to heal from the trauma of oppression, abuse, and sexual violence and reclaim their gifts and voice. To embody their own sacred needs and ways of being, and find sustainable, empowered ways to integrate empathy, spirituality, community, and nourished activism.
(415) 548-2797 View (415) 548-2797
Photo of Stef Bell, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Stef Bell
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
My ideology is inspired by the juxtaposition of American narratives, originating from the Deep South and Urban Midwest. Growing up in a Pro-Black, Christian Baptist home I learned how gender, sexuality, and white supremacy can greatly affect our culture, happiness and well-being. Early exposure to the mental healthcare system taught me that oppression can be as multi-layered and intersectional as the oppressed, and diagnosis will continue to be an act of oppression if it ignores cultural context, societal phobias, and systemic oppression. For a great number, our mental health is a representation of how we survive our social climate.
My ideology is inspired by the juxtaposition of American narratives, originating from the Deep South and Urban Midwest. Growing up in a Pro-Black, Christian Baptist home I learned how gender, sexuality, and white supremacy can greatly affect our culture, happiness and well-being. Early exposure to the mental healthcare system taught me that oppression can be as multi-layered and intersectional as the oppressed, and diagnosis will continue to be an act of oppression if it ignores cultural context, societal phobias, and systemic oppression. For a great number, our mental health is a representation of how we survive our social climate.
(510) 240-5906 View (510) 240-5906
Photo of Kay Guyer, Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Kay Guyer
Counselor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94101
I am Kay Guyer, and I’m a queer and genderqueer liberation-focused art therapist. I provide art therapy in a beautiful art studio in the bay area and online. I specialize in working with queer and trans teens and adults who want to increase their sense of rootedness and agency in order to live vibrantly.
I am Kay Guyer, and I’m a queer and genderqueer liberation-focused art therapist. I provide art therapy in a beautiful art studio in the bay area and online. I specialize in working with queer and trans teens and adults who want to increase their sense of rootedness and agency in order to live vibrantly.
(415) 532-8762 View (415) 532-8762
Photo of Edgar Fabián Frías, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Edgar Fabián Frías
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, MFA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106  (Online Only)
I believe that with the right support, people can transform their lives by forging their own paths, creating meaning, taking risks, healing past wounds, and boldly pursuing their dreams. As a counselor, I feel honored to walk alongside artists, musicians, performers, creatives, and other free spirits on their journeys toward fulfillment. My approach is to meet you where you are with warmth, empathy, and compassion. I seek to create a judgment-free environment where we can explore the stories, beliefs, and experiences that shape you. We will nurture your inner wisdom, strengthen your resilience, and remove obstacles holding you back.
I believe that with the right support, people can transform their lives by forging their own paths, creating meaning, taking risks, healing past wounds, and boldly pursuing their dreams. As a counselor, I feel honored to walk alongside artists, musicians, performers, creatives, and other free spirits on their journeys toward fulfillment. My approach is to meet you where you are with warmth, empathy, and compassion. I seek to create a judgment-free environment where we can explore the stories, beliefs, and experiences that shape you. We will nurture your inner wisdom, strengthen your resilience, and remove obstacles holding you back.
(323) 916-9025 View (323) 916-9025

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sye Gratz in San Francisco, CA
Sye Gratz
RDT, MA, 200 RYT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
I am a nonbinary, queer, neuroqueer, white, ashkenazi jewish healer. I support queer creatives and nonconformists honor authenticity beyond harmful binaries. My practice offers a somatic, creative, relational, and liberatory justice approach to caregiver recovery/codependencey, developmental trauma, post traumatic stress, and anxiety. I hold an anti-opressive stance, encouraging a sense of agency, QT joy, and alignment in healing. I have a passion for supporting LGBTQQIP2SAA+ community with life transitions, resisting systems, attachment/relationship challenges, & all who had to "grow up too quickly" in childhood.
I am a nonbinary, queer, neuroqueer, white, ashkenazi jewish healer. I support queer creatives and nonconformists honor authenticity beyond harmful binaries. My practice offers a somatic, creative, relational, and liberatory justice approach to caregiver recovery/codependencey, developmental trauma, post traumatic stress, and anxiety. I hold an anti-opressive stance, encouraging a sense of agency, QT joy, and alignment in healing. I have a passion for supporting LGBTQQIP2SAA+ community with life transitions, resisting systems, attachment/relationship challenges, & all who had to "grow up too quickly" in childhood.
(510) 901-4904 View (510) 901-4904
Photo of Tal Molesworth, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Tal Molesworth
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94608
I work with queer and trans people, and welcome clients who do not fit those identities. I am particularly interested in working with—but not limited to—relationship dynamics, gender and sexuality exploration, anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, sensitivity, neurodivergence, inner child work, fat justice / liberation, and connecting to self-expression. I invite clients who are sitting with the questions of… How can I live fully as myself? What's happening in my relationship to self? To others? To the world? I value supporting you in your authentic expression beyond constructs and rules, and I work very experientially.
I work with queer and trans people, and welcome clients who do not fit those identities. I am particularly interested in working with—but not limited to—relationship dynamics, gender and sexuality exploration, anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, sensitivity, neurodivergence, inner child work, fat justice / liberation, and connecting to self-expression. I invite clients who are sitting with the questions of… How can I live fully as myself? What's happening in my relationship to self? To others? To the world? I value supporting you in your authentic expression beyond constructs and rules, and I work very experientially.
(510) 345-1479 View (510) 345-1479
Photo of Megan Kopriva, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Megan Kopriva
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, RYT, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
*ACCEPTING CALIFORNIA, ILLINOIS, AND MISSOURI CLIENTS* Come be seen & be known in a relational space with me, so that you can finally arrive home in yourself. Are you curious if you have experienced trauma, or if trauma may still be affecting you? Have you worked with many healers & still feel stuck in certain places? Have you experienced a spiritual awakening & need to integrate the experience(s)? If you answered 'yes' to any of these questions, then you may be in the right place. Trauma can express itself in PTSD & Complex PTSD symptoms, various types of depression & anxiety, & many other symptoms. Lets get to the root.
*ACCEPTING CALIFORNIA, ILLINOIS, AND MISSOURI CLIENTS* Come be seen & be known in a relational space with me, so that you can finally arrive home in yourself. Are you curious if you have experienced trauma, or if trauma may still be affecting you? Have you worked with many healers & still feel stuck in certain places? Have you experienced a spiritual awakening & need to integrate the experience(s)? If you answered 'yes' to any of these questions, then you may be in the right place. Trauma can express itself in PTSD & Complex PTSD symptoms, various types of depression & anxiety, & many other symptoms. Lets get to the root.
(341) 444-3409 View (341) 444-3409

See more therapy options for San Francisco

Anxiety Therapists

What are the most common treatments for anxiety?

Talk therapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, is the most common treatment for anxiety. Studies have shown it is equally effective as medication. Other popular forms of therapy are popular, depending on a patient’s experience. Exposure therapy, for instance, can be useful for people dealing with fears and phobias, or who have experienced traumatic events. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy may be useful for patients who need help with emotion regulation. Anxiolytic medications, like benzodiazepines, can also help with calming a person enough to focus on the skills they’ve learned, and physical exercise has been shown to help symptoms of anxiety across the board.

How long does therapy for anxiety take to work?

The amount of time needed to alleviate symptoms depends on the severity of a person’s condition. Some therapies may take 5-20 weekly sessions to show results. Anti-depressant medications typically take two to four weeks before a benefit is felt. Anti-anxiety medications are felt typically within 20-30 minutes. Medications are best used to offer a patient a better headspace in which to work on techniques learned in therapy. Exercise, improved sleep habits, and meditation are effective, but takes weeks or months to show results.

When should I seek treatment for anxiety?

Everyone feels anxious at times, but when anxiety causes disruption to your daily life, it may be time to seek help. Such disruption can be mental, physical, or both: having fear dominate your thoughts, avoiding situations or objects that bring on feelings of anxiety, or experiencing shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, or panic attacks. When these symptoms are recurrent and distressing, it may be time to talk to someone.

How effective is treatment for anxiety?

Treatment for anxiety has been shown to be moderately to highly effective, according to a large body of psychology studies and analyses. For some people, treatment using CBT or exposure therapy alone is effective. Others respond best to a combination of medication and therapy.