Therapists in Madison, WI

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Photo of David Langford, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
David Langford
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53726
Here is how I help: I offer grounded and compassionate therapy that is open, present, and realistic. You will be understood and accepted as you are so we can work toward resolving the problems that stand in your way, whether they are challenges you want to face on your own, or relationship issues you want to resolve with your partner or family. With couples, Meshel Langford is my co-therapist. Having both of us provides balance, perspective, and support (please see our website, linked on this page).
Here is how I help: I offer grounded and compassionate therapy that is open, present, and realistic. You will be understood and accepted as you are so we can work toward resolving the problems that stand in your way, whether they are challenges you want to face on your own, or relationship issues you want to resolve with your partner or family. With couples, Meshel Langford is my co-therapist. Having both of us provides balance, perspective, and support (please see our website, linked on this page).
(608) 200-2163 View (608) 200-2163
Photo of Vivian Tamkin, Psychologist in Madison, WI
Vivian Tamkin
Psychologist, LP
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
Vivian L. Tamkin, PhD is a licensed psychologist (CA and WI), who has been practicing child and family psychotherapy since 2002. Dr. Tamkin has a PhD in Counseling Psychology, with a minor in Child Clinical Psychology, from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, and an MA degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Pacific Oaks College and Children's School. Dr. Tamkin also has a BA degree in Child Development, with an emphasis in Child Mental Health from California State University, Northridge. Go Matadors! Dr. Tamkin's theoretical approach to clinical practice is rooted in a relational, life course lens.
Vivian L. Tamkin, PhD is a licensed psychologist (CA and WI), who has been practicing child and family psychotherapy since 2002. Dr. Tamkin has a PhD in Counseling Psychology, with a minor in Child Clinical Psychology, from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, and an MA degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Pacific Oaks College and Children's School. Dr. Tamkin also has a BA degree in Child Development, with an emphasis in Child Mental Health from California State University, Northridge. Go Matadors! Dr. Tamkin's theoretical approach to clinical practice is rooted in a relational, life course lens.
(608) 557-8762 View (608) 557-8762
Photo of Tim Strait, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Tim Strait
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53704  (Online Only)
The scope of my work is primarily (but not exclusively) focused on meeting the unique mental and behavioral health needs of men 15 years of age and older. Each person's story and goals are unique, and so I am comfortable moving between classic and more recent evidence-based techniques to assist clients. I use an integrative approach. That means I do not limit myself to specific theories or therapeutic techniques. Instead, I work with each client to find an approach that makes the most sense for them.
The scope of my work is primarily (but not exclusively) focused on meeting the unique mental and behavioral health needs of men 15 years of age and older. Each person's story and goals are unique, and so I am comfortable moving between classic and more recent evidence-based techniques to assist clients. I use an integrative approach. That means I do not limit myself to specific theories or therapeutic techniques. Instead, I work with each client to find an approach that makes the most sense for them.
(608) 420-5881 View (608) 420-5881
Photo of Amber Levanetz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Amber Levanetz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53705
My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe, helpful and non-judgmental atmosphere in which to explore the issues creating challenges for individuals. Everyone has their own unique story to tell with victories and hurdles. Through our interaction we can identify and understand your strengths and create tools enabling you to understand and work through challenges. As a professional I feel confident providing a positive non-judgmental space which we can create a collaborative relationship to navigate life's ups and downs.
My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe, helpful and non-judgmental atmosphere in which to explore the issues creating challenges for individuals. Everyone has their own unique story to tell with victories and hurdles. Through our interaction we can identify and understand your strengths and create tools enabling you to understand and work through challenges. As a professional I feel confident providing a positive non-judgmental space which we can create a collaborative relationship to navigate life's ups and downs.
(608) 709-2999 View (608) 709-2999
Photo of Sophia Svetnicka, Pre-Licensed Professional in Madison, WI
Sophia Svetnicka
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53715
Sophia (she/her) works with a wide variety of relationships as well as individuals from all walks of life. Sophia believes in meeting each individual where they are at and fostering an environment of unique growth. Sophia is particularly interested in working with relationships, neurodivergent folks, and academic stress.
Sophia (she/her) works with a wide variety of relationships as well as individuals from all walks of life. Sophia believes in meeting each individual where they are at and fostering an environment of unique growth. Sophia is particularly interested in working with relationships, neurodivergent folks, and academic stress.
(608) 705-7757 x127 View (608) 705-7757 x127
Photo of Christine Newville Gartler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Christine Newville Gartler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53715
I established my practice in 2007 following a decade of working as a therapist at Jane Addams' Hull House and Chicago area treatment facilities. My office is highly accessible, comfortable, and conducive to effective therapy. I believe that most people can benefit from an objective outside perspective during difficult or challenging times in their lives. My role is to provide additional support and to assist clients during this time of growth, transition or discovery. I help clients identify and navigate issues, crises and areas that are in need of healing. My approach is insight oriented, client centered, and non-judgmental.
I established my practice in 2007 following a decade of working as a therapist at Jane Addams' Hull House and Chicago area treatment facilities. My office is highly accessible, comfortable, and conducive to effective therapy. I believe that most people can benefit from an objective outside perspective during difficult or challenging times in their lives. My role is to provide additional support and to assist clients during this time of growth, transition or discovery. I help clients identify and navigate issues, crises and areas that are in need of healing. My approach is insight oriented, client centered, and non-judgmental.
(608) 291-5263 View (608) 291-5263
Photo of Cinda LaMar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Cinda LaMar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53705
You don't have to feel alone. No matter where your journey has been or may be going ,there is help and hope for a better future and a happier you. Taking the first step towards getting help is often the most difficult. With 20 years experience in individual and couple's therapy, I can help you build a healthier and happier life and learn how to make choices that feel right for you. How? By improving your communication skills so that you feel heard and understood. I am dedicated to your personal growth and well-being.
You don't have to feel alone. No matter where your journey has been or may be going ,there is help and hope for a better future and a happier you. Taking the first step towards getting help is often the most difficult. With 20 years experience in individual and couple's therapy, I can help you build a healthier and happier life and learn how to make choices that feel right for you. How? By improving your communication skills so that you feel heard and understood. I am dedicated to your personal growth and well-being.
(608) 231-3000 View (608) 231-3000
Photo of Michael Gerst, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Michael Gerst
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC, EMDRIA
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53705
Not accepting new clients
As a certified EMDR therapist I specialize in treating trauma. My certification is with EMDRIA. For more information google EMDRIA.
As a certified EMDR therapist I specialize in treating trauma. My certification is with EMDRIA. For more information google EMDRIA.
(608) 400-4308 View (608) 400-4308
Photo of Kevin Kavanaugh, Psychologist in Madison, WI
Kevin Kavanaugh
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53713
Kevin Kavanaugh is a Psychologist in Wisconsin who has been practicing since 2017. He has a PsyD from Midwestern University. Kevin utilizes a variety of clinical modalities including DBT, CBT, EMDR and other theoretical orientations blended into his practice. He has worked with age ranges from 18 all the way up to 80, and enjoys helping people process, reflect, assess, and direct themselves towards a more positive and holistic future.
Kevin Kavanaugh is a Psychologist in Wisconsin who has been practicing since 2017. He has a PsyD from Midwestern University. Kevin utilizes a variety of clinical modalities including DBT, CBT, EMDR and other theoretical orientations blended into his practice. He has worked with age ranges from 18 all the way up to 80, and enjoys helping people process, reflect, assess, and direct themselves towards a more positive and holistic future.
(608) 631-5350 View (608) 631-5350
Photo of Heather Edge, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Heather Edge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53704
Waitlist for new clients
My down to earth, compassionate and honest nature will make you feel supported and comfortable in the therapeutic process. I convey an empathic approach and gentle sense of humor as I create a safe space that allows clients to develop their authentic self. I bring a playful spirit to my work which is complimented by training and numerous years of experience. I am passionate about helping adults, children and families heal from past trauma and find success in building healthy relationships.
My down to earth, compassionate and honest nature will make you feel supported and comfortable in the therapeutic process. I convey an empathic approach and gentle sense of humor as I create a safe space that allows clients to develop their authentic self. I bring a playful spirit to my work which is complimented by training and numerous years of experience. I am passionate about helping adults, children and families heal from past trauma and find success in building healthy relationships.
(608) 812-8690 View (608) 812-8690
Photo of Sarah Francois, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Sarah Francois
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53713  (Online Only)
I work with patients to address Depression, Anxiety, OCD as well as trauma sequelae which are manifest by depressed or anxious mood, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, insomnia, substance misuse, and interpersonal problems. I employ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)(ERP), Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT), Prolonged Exposure (PE) and relevant clinical adaptations to address mood or anxiety disorders, co-occurring substance use disorders and/or trauma recovery as well as singular diagnoses. I have significant clinical experience in addressing deep, psychological wounds often referred to as "moral injury”.
I work with patients to address Depression, Anxiety, OCD as well as trauma sequelae which are manifest by depressed or anxious mood, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, insomnia, substance misuse, and interpersonal problems. I employ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)(ERP), Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT), Prolonged Exposure (PE) and relevant clinical adaptations to address mood or anxiety disorders, co-occurring substance use disorders and/or trauma recovery as well as singular diagnoses. I have significant clinical experience in addressing deep, psychological wounds often referred to as "moral injury”.
(608) 673-4085 View (608) 673-4085
Photo of Claire Schulz Bergman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Claire Schulz Bergman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53704
Do you struggle with self-doubt and overthinking? Do you have a loud inner critic? Have you experienced a major loss? I help individuals gain clarity and feel empowered while navigating major life transitions (death of a loved one, new parents, empty nesters, job or relationship change, infertility, unexpected pregnancy, new health diagnosis). Through caring and purposeful sessions, you will find support, learn mindfulness techniques and thought management strategies that will help you get to know yourself better so that you can make difficult decisions and move forward in your life.
Do you struggle with self-doubt and overthinking? Do you have a loud inner critic? Have you experienced a major loss? I help individuals gain clarity and feel empowered while navigating major life transitions (death of a loved one, new parents, empty nesters, job or relationship change, infertility, unexpected pregnancy, new health diagnosis). Through caring and purposeful sessions, you will find support, learn mindfulness techniques and thought management strategies that will help you get to know yourself better so that you can make difficult decisions and move forward in your life.
(608) 719-3660 View (608) 719-3660
Photo of Nura Christine Capriglione, Pre-Licensed Professional in Madison, WI
Nura Christine Capriglione
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC-IT
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
Change is hard but can be welcome relief when we are suffering. I welcome those seeking change, enthusiastically or reluctantly. We are all changing (the only constant). I work with people to make those changes conscious and long lasting. I help them find balance in the change process, recognizing successes and sitting in discomfort together. I have a wholistic approach to meet each client where they are through cognitive behavioral therapy, person-centered therapy, motivational interviewing and trauma informed care.
Change is hard but can be welcome relief when we are suffering. I welcome those seeking change, enthusiastically or reluctantly. We are all changing (the only constant). I work with people to make those changes conscious and long lasting. I help them find balance in the change process, recognizing successes and sitting in discomfort together. I have a wholistic approach to meet each client where they are through cognitive behavioral therapy, person-centered therapy, motivational interviewing and trauma informed care.
(608) 585-8841 View (608) 585-8841
Photo of Alison Manley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Alison Manley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CEDS
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53719
Ali Manley (she/her) is a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist (CEDS). In therapy, Ali works hard to strike a balance between helping clients learn and use new skills, and gaining insight into past experiences. Ali strives to forge a therapeutic relationship that feels safe, supportive, and goal-orientated. She highly values authenticity and connection in the therapeutic relationship and encourages clients to be their true selves—both in and out of session. She is creative, nonjudgmental, and proud to be trauma-informed, queer-affirming/competent, trans-affirming/competent, sex-positive, and poly- and kink-friendly and knowledgable.
Ali Manley (she/her) is a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist (CEDS). In therapy, Ali works hard to strike a balance between helping clients learn and use new skills, and gaining insight into past experiences. Ali strives to forge a therapeutic relationship that feels safe, supportive, and goal-orientated. She highly values authenticity and connection in the therapeutic relationship and encourages clients to be their true selves—both in and out of session. She is creative, nonjudgmental, and proud to be trauma-informed, queer-affirming/competent, trans-affirming/competent, sex-positive, and poly- and kink-friendly and knowledgable.
(608) 299-4214 View (608) 299-4214
Photo of Bobby Walker, Therapist & Certified Sex Therapist, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Bobby Walker, Therapist & Certified Sex Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CST
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
Most of my clients would identify as one or some of the following: people pleaser, high-achiever, over-functioner, perfectionist, over-thinker. If this describes you, I’d love to help. My approach focuses on tuning into emotions and your past experiences to help you 1) understand yourself on a newer and deeper level 2) detangle and clarify what you are feeling, 3) change the way you respond to difficult circumstances, 4) resolve long standing issues that sabotage your life & relationships, 5) prioritize yourself and your needs. An AASECT- Certified Sex Therapist, I’m passionate about treating sexual concerns.
Most of my clients would identify as one or some of the following: people pleaser, high-achiever, over-functioner, perfectionist, over-thinker. If this describes you, I’d love to help. My approach focuses on tuning into emotions and your past experiences to help you 1) understand yourself on a newer and deeper level 2) detangle and clarify what you are feeling, 3) change the way you respond to difficult circumstances, 4) resolve long standing issues that sabotage your life & relationships, 5) prioritize yourself and your needs. An AASECT- Certified Sex Therapist, I’m passionate about treating sexual concerns.
(608) 713-9159 View (608) 713-9159
Photo of Lesa J. Fischer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Lesa J. Fischer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53705
Change can be hard. It can be scary, overwhelming, and can produce fears. It is different than what we know, different than what things are like today. Change happens no matter what; it is the one constant that we all experience.
Change can be hard. It can be scary, overwhelming, and can produce fears. It is different than what we know, different than what things are like today. Change happens no matter what; it is the one constant that we all experience.
(608) 519-4826 View (608) 519-4826
Photo of Samuel Annis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Samuel Annis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT-IT
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
Sam (he/they), a transplant from New Jersey, is a recent graduate from Edgewood College's Marriage and Family Therapy program. Sam works with a wide variety of clients and concerns, with a particular emphasis on trauma (be it personal, intergenerational/familial, or cultural), identity, spirituality, death & dying, grief, family systems, and the ways in which our lives are impacted by the larger social systems and institutions around us. Sam is also engaged in understanding his own situatedness within these systems and their foundations in racism, sexism, capitalism, patriarchy, heteronormitivity, abilism, and phobias of all sorts.
Sam (he/they), a transplant from New Jersey, is a recent graduate from Edgewood College's Marriage and Family Therapy program. Sam works with a wide variety of clients and concerns, with a particular emphasis on trauma (be it personal, intergenerational/familial, or cultural), identity, spirituality, death & dying, grief, family systems, and the ways in which our lives are impacted by the larger social systems and institutions around us. Sam is also engaged in understanding his own situatedness within these systems and their foundations in racism, sexism, capitalism, patriarchy, heteronormitivity, abilism, and phobias of all sorts.
(608) 802-7592 View (608) 802-7592
Photo of Robin Kinney, Pre-Licensed Professional in Madison, WI
Robin Kinney
Pre-Licensed Professional, APSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53719
Becoming a parent as well as other life transitions and traumatic events can cause you to feel overwhelmed, isolated, filled with anger, frustration, shame, worry, sadness, and/or doubt. Life feels flipped upside-down and you hardly recognize yourself, you body, thoughts, moods, or behaviors, and your lived experiences do not match what you anticipated. You are not alone in your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I believe you are a good person having a hard time. You are brave and resilient.
Becoming a parent as well as other life transitions and traumatic events can cause you to feel overwhelmed, isolated, filled with anger, frustration, shame, worry, sadness, and/or doubt. Life feels flipped upside-down and you hardly recognize yourself, you body, thoughts, moods, or behaviors, and your lived experiences do not match what you anticipated. You are not alone in your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I believe you are a good person having a hard time. You are brave and resilient.
(608) 400-4435 View (608) 400-4435
Photo of Cindy Richgels, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Cindy Richgels
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
Are you struggling with your mood? Experiencing difficulty with motivation, feeling overwhelmed or having difficulty in finding moments of joy? Perhaps you are struggling with depression, anxiety, eating/body image issues, the loss of a loved one, gender identity issues or a life transition. Whatever the issue, I am here to listen, to help you identify and process feelings, to assist you in developing life skills, and ultimately to find hope and to feel better.
Are you struggling with your mood? Experiencing difficulty with motivation, feeling overwhelmed or having difficulty in finding moments of joy? Perhaps you are struggling with depression, anxiety, eating/body image issues, the loss of a loved one, gender identity issues or a life transition. Whatever the issue, I am here to listen, to help you identify and process feelings, to assist you in developing life skills, and ultimately to find hope and to feel better.
View
Photo of Jill Klotz Flitter, Psychologist in Madison, WI
Jill Klotz Flitter
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
Chocolate, snowboarding, and shopping can be therapeutic, but sometimes they're not enough. I see teenagers, adults, and families when struggles get in the way of fun and suffering becomes too familiar. Friends and family hopefully are there when we need them, yet therapists can provide additional essentials: nonjudgmental, individual attention in a safe setting. Relationships are central to our well-being, and the therapy process involves building a relationship. Clients lead, and I listen to your goals and help you to identify unhealthy patterns, reduce negative self-talk, and learn more about how you view yourself and the world.
Chocolate, snowboarding, and shopping can be therapeutic, but sometimes they're not enough. I see teenagers, adults, and families when struggles get in the way of fun and suffering becomes too familiar. Friends and family hopefully are there when we need them, yet therapists can provide additional essentials: nonjudgmental, individual attention in a safe setting. Relationships are central to our well-being, and the therapy process involves building a relationship. Clients lead, and I listen to your goals and help you to identify unhealthy patterns, reduce negative self-talk, and learn more about how you view yourself and the world.
(608) 514-1124 x4 View (608) 514-1124 x4

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Madison, WI

700+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Madison, WI who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
65% Stress
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

53% Quartz
51% Other
50% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Madison, WI see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Madison?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.