Therapists in Brattleboro, VT

Photo of Tracey Madigan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Tracey Madigan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05301  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
You deserve support, especially during these complicated times. I bring a natural warmth and empathetic presence to to my work with clients. Whether you are coping with anxiety and depression, profound life changes, struggles in your relationship, chronic illness or grief, I can help. I will help you focus on your strengths to develop resiliency and potential for positive change.
You deserve support, especially during these complicated times. I bring a natural warmth and empathetic presence to to my work with clients. Whether you are coping with anxiety and depression, profound life changes, struggles in your relationship, chronic illness or grief, I can help. I will help you focus on your strengths to develop resiliency and potential for positive change.
(802) 392-2635 View (802) 392-2635
Photo of Timothy Walsh Whitney, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Timothy Walsh Whitney
Counselor, MA, LCMHC, RYT-
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed mental health counselor experienced in helping kids, teens and adults find their way through life's changes and challenges. Openness, insight, compassion and steady presence are fundamental to my work as a counselor, as well as a desire to help people find active, body-based ways for feeling better. I assist people with adjustment issues, anxiety, depression, chronic pain, ADHD and other issues both through in-office counseling as well as by utilizing Soul Sport's unique facilities which include a yoga room, a rowing room, and access to walking trails and a river-side park.
I am a licensed mental health counselor experienced in helping kids, teens and adults find their way through life's changes and challenges. Openness, insight, compassion and steady presence are fundamental to my work as a counselor, as well as a desire to help people find active, body-based ways for feeling better. I assist people with adjustment issues, anxiety, depression, chronic pain, ADHD and other issues both through in-office counseling as well as by utilizing Soul Sport's unique facilities which include a yoga room, a rowing room, and access to walking trails and a river-side park.
(802) 733-9256 View (802) 733-9256
Photo of Lisa Kate, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Lisa Kate
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with stress and anxiety? Are you waking up at night with worry or panic? Do you feel keyed up or just don't feel right? Perhaps you are in a difficult life situation and need support to sort it out and make good decisions. You want to move forward. You want to connect more with the wise, centered calm that you sense is below the stress. You seek guidance in learning effective tools for stress management. You may need a good listener, and specific help to communicate better with yourself and others. Someone to help you move through the obstacles to living fully.
Are you struggling with stress and anxiety? Are you waking up at night with worry or panic? Do you feel keyed up or just don't feel right? Perhaps you are in a difficult life situation and need support to sort it out and make good decisions. You want to move forward. You want to connect more with the wise, centered calm that you sense is below the stress. You seek guidance in learning effective tools for stress management. You may need a good listener, and specific help to communicate better with yourself and others. Someone to help you move through the obstacles to living fully.
(802) 402-4571 View (802) 402-4571
Photo of Killy Bascom, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Killy Bascom
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, PLLC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Not accepting new clients
I believe that people are working as hard as they can in their lives and yet, sometimes, there is a need for outside support in finding and making the right changes to improve the quality of one's life. This change can be in the form of learning new coping skills, improving relationships or changing unhelpful thought processes that get in the way of enjoying life. I offer a non-judgemental, compassionate approach that utilizes multiple treatment modalities. I believe it is most important to work together as a team to find the right treatment approach, or combination of approaches, for each individual or family.
I believe that people are working as hard as they can in their lives and yet, sometimes, there is a need for outside support in finding and making the right changes to improve the quality of one's life. This change can be in the form of learning new coping skills, improving relationships or changing unhelpful thought processes that get in the way of enjoying life. I offer a non-judgemental, compassionate approach that utilizes multiple treatment modalities. I believe it is most important to work together as a team to find the right treatment approach, or combination of approaches, for each individual or family.
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Photo of Damon Waitkus, Pre-Licensed Professional in Brattleboro, VT
Damon Waitkus
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
I believe that the most healing, transformative therapeutic work occurs when there is an authentic relationship between therapist and client. I provide an environment which fundamentally supports a feeling of safety by witnessing you where you are with curiosity and without judgment. For many people, feeling safe also involves being able to set their own pace in therapy.
I believe that the most healing, transformative therapeutic work occurs when there is an authentic relationship between therapist and client. I provide an environment which fundamentally supports a feeling of safety by witnessing you where you are with curiosity and without judgment. For many people, feeling safe also involves being able to set their own pace in therapy.
(802) 689-1141 View (802) 689-1141
Photo of Emma Gardner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Emma Gardner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05301
I believe strongly in the power of self-care, self-compassion, and setting boundaries, and that these are often missing elements when one is struggling. I have experience and enjoy working with people with physical disabilities. The first part of my career was as a hospice social worker for 9 years, supporting many individuals and families throughout their experiences with death, dying, and grieving. This has included individuals with terminal illnesses, as well as loved ones struggling with death and loss, and caregivers. I love working with new human services professionals as well.
I believe strongly in the power of self-care, self-compassion, and setting boundaries, and that these are often missing elements when one is struggling. I have experience and enjoy working with people with physical disabilities. The first part of my career was as a hospice social worker for 9 years, supporting many individuals and families throughout their experiences with death, dying, and grieving. This has included individuals with terminal illnesses, as well as loved ones struggling with death and loss, and caregivers. I love working with new human services professionals as well.
(802) 441-6472 View (802) 441-6472
Photo of By Your Side, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
By Your Side
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, OTA
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Growing older can mean confronting many psychological, emotional, medical and social issues in one's life. Dealing with loss comes in all sizes and each one is unique to you. Loss of loved ones, physical ability, independence, purpose, connection with others are just some of the on-going challenges that elders face and often face alone. Having support to negotiate these life changes with grace, creativity and empowerment is crucial in living to one's fullest. This support is what I provide to anyone who finds themselves in life transition, regardless of age.
Growing older can mean confronting many psychological, emotional, medical and social issues in one's life. Dealing with loss comes in all sizes and each one is unique to you. Loss of loved ones, physical ability, independence, purpose, connection with others are just some of the on-going challenges that elders face and often face alone. Having support to negotiate these life changes with grace, creativity and empowerment is crucial in living to one's fullest. This support is what I provide to anyone who finds themselves in life transition, regardless of age.
(802) 328-9481 View (802) 328-9481
Photo of Alexa Berton, LCMHC, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Alexa Berton, LCMHC
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Not accepting new clients
One of the ways of being able to make significant change in our lives is by building a therapeutic relationship in which we can begin to trust another person with our vulnerabilities. In the safety of that relationship, it becomes possible to look at the injuries that have created the patterns that are destructive to our lives. To help reveal this story, I utilize a range of tools and modalities depending on a person's story and needs.My work is psychodynamic and relationally based with a strong emphasis on the ways that attachment has unfolded in a person's life and how that has affected their ability to feel whole.
One of the ways of being able to make significant change in our lives is by building a therapeutic relationship in which we can begin to trust another person with our vulnerabilities. In the safety of that relationship, it becomes possible to look at the injuries that have created the patterns that are destructive to our lives. To help reveal this story, I utilize a range of tools and modalities depending on a person's story and needs.My work is psychodynamic and relationally based with a strong emphasis on the ways that attachment has unfolded in a person's life and how that has affected their ability to feel whole.
(802) 466-2639 View (802) 466-2639
Photo of James Olson, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
James Olson
Counselor, LCMHC, BCBA
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301  (Online Only)
My primary client base consists of adolescents, young adults, families, and parents. I less frequently work directly with younger children. I find this work is best done as either parent-child work or parent support and training. For teens and young adults, I focus primarily on working with clients to develop strategies to manage the life events that they identify as interfering with important aspects of daily life. I use a strength and goal-based cognitive-behavioral framework to help develop concrete skills while providing a supportive and collaborative relationship with clients and families.
My primary client base consists of adolescents, young adults, families, and parents. I less frequently work directly with younger children. I find this work is best done as either parent-child work or parent support and training. For teens and young adults, I focus primarily on working with clients to develop strategies to manage the life events that they identify as interfering with important aspects of daily life. I use a strength and goal-based cognitive-behavioral framework to help develop concrete skills while providing a supportive and collaborative relationship with clients and families.
(802) 300-3254 View (802) 300-3254
Photo of Drift Mavyn, LICSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Drift Mavyn, LICSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05302
Waitlist for new clients
As a queer, gender expansive, neurodivergent, poverty survivor, and anti-racist clinician, I have witnessed the mental health challenges that can arise while existing in environments that do not affirm our identities. I foster a journey that is welcoming and nonjudgmental.
As a queer, gender expansive, neurodivergent, poverty survivor, and anti-racist clinician, I have witnessed the mental health challenges that can arise while existing in environments that do not affirm our identities. I foster a journey that is welcoming and nonjudgmental.
(802) 441-6244 View (802) 441-6244
Photo of Sydney Crystal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Sydney Crystal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I bring an experienced and practical approach to working with adults to address issues that include anxiety, depression, and trauma. Drawing from my extensive training in Narrative Therapy, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, and EMDR, I work collaboratively with clients to engage in an individualized process of healing and transformation that is both comfortable and effective. My intention with all clients is to promote the development of precise skills and practices that support a reduction of symptoms, the positive transformation of emotional and behavioral patterns, and an increased sense of confidence and well-being in daily life.
I bring an experienced and practical approach to working with adults to address issues that include anxiety, depression, and trauma. Drawing from my extensive training in Narrative Therapy, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, and EMDR, I work collaboratively with clients to engage in an individualized process of healing and transformation that is both comfortable and effective. My intention with all clients is to promote the development of precise skills and practices that support a reduction of symptoms, the positive transformation of emotional and behavioral patterns, and an increased sense of confidence and well-being in daily life.
(802) 230-4882 x1 View (802) 230-4882 x1
Photo of Abdelrazaq Rababah, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Abdelrazaq Rababah
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05301
At many points in our lives each of us faces challenges that can require unique solutions. We thrive when we find balance in our daily life, therefore, I focus on helping people regain or find a new equilibrium. Often the first step is finding what is important to you.
At many points in our lives each of us faces challenges that can require unique solutions. We thrive when we find balance in our daily life, therefore, I focus on helping people regain or find a new equilibrium. Often the first step is finding what is important to you.
(802) 242-8262 View (802) 242-8262
Photo of Aliona Manvae in Brattleboro, VT
Aliona Manvae
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05301
I believe a lack of self-love perpetuates a lack of care about the world, I believe our Inner World - how we experience healing and how we live in joy - is very important in the mission to make the world a better place. I am a coach in Conscious Human Evolution and guide you through various tools and techniques to re-Love yourself, re-Connect with joy and passion in life. I cannot heal you - but I will offer you tools and support and guidance as you are taking the steps to heal yourself.
I believe a lack of self-love perpetuates a lack of care about the world, I believe our Inner World - how we experience healing and how we live in joy - is very important in the mission to make the world a better place. I am a coach in Conscious Human Evolution and guide you through various tools and techniques to re-Love yourself, re-Connect with joy and passion in life. I cannot heal you - but I will offer you tools and support and guidance as you are taking the steps to heal yourself.
(802) 618-6914 View (802) 618-6914
Photo of Rachel Zamore, Marriage & Family Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Rachel Zamore
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301  (Online Only)
Are you someone who has done talk therapy in the past and thinks of yourself as self-aware, but wants an approach that is designed to help you make positive and lasting change from the inside out? You’re feeling stuck and maybe a little burned out in your looks-so-awesome career? Or maybe you’re facing a potential or imminent life or relationship change, wondering about your next steps and not sure how to move forward? Or maybe you are looking for a therapist who "gets it" about climate distress, threats to democracy, and the social justice concerns that keep you up at night.
Are you someone who has done talk therapy in the past and thinks of yourself as self-aware, but wants an approach that is designed to help you make positive and lasting change from the inside out? You’re feeling stuck and maybe a little burned out in your looks-so-awesome career? Or maybe you’re facing a potential or imminent life or relationship change, wondering about your next steps and not sure how to move forward? Or maybe you are looking for a therapist who "gets it" about climate distress, threats to democracy, and the social justice concerns that keep you up at night.
(802) 490-5990 View (802) 490-5990
Photo of Jennifir Bailes Hart, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Jennifir Bailes Hart
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
I offer compassionate, attentive, thoughtful counseling in the context of the relationship I build with my clients. I see our work as a collaborative endeavor that centers clients as the experts on their own lives and looks at problems as separate from people. I am interested in the stories of people's lives, creative responses to problems we encounter, and how our relationships with ourselves and others shape our sense of self and belonging. I believe in the healing power of the creative process, and can include the arts and movement into my work if that is something my client would like to explore.
I offer compassionate, attentive, thoughtful counseling in the context of the relationship I build with my clients. I see our work as a collaborative endeavor that centers clients as the experts on their own lives and looks at problems as separate from people. I am interested in the stories of people's lives, creative responses to problems we encounter, and how our relationships with ourselves and others shape our sense of self and belonging. I believe in the healing power of the creative process, and can include the arts and movement into my work if that is something my client would like to explore.
(802) 552-4613 View (802) 552-4613
Photo of Naomi M. Dogan, Ph.D., Licensed Psychologist, Psychologist in Brattleboro, VT
Naomi M. Dogan, Ph.D., Licensed Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD, CGP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05301  (Online Only)
I identify as a neurodiverse (ND) autistic psychologist. Like many, I discovered at midlife I’m on the “invisible” end of the spectrum. I now specialize in assisting other ND/autistic adults & their allies as they a) explore identity/diagnosis, b) cope with ongoing life adjustments/ND burnout & c) make informed choices about how/when it is safe to “unmask.” I help clients: identify personal life/career-related challenges, build upon strengths, & make constructive changes to create a ‘right-sized’ life. I’m a multicultural-educated ally & offer affirming space for marginalized folx (BIPOC, LGBTQAI+, ENM/polyamory, differently-abled).
I identify as a neurodiverse (ND) autistic psychologist. Like many, I discovered at midlife I’m on the “invisible” end of the spectrum. I now specialize in assisting other ND/autistic adults & their allies as they a) explore identity/diagnosis, b) cope with ongoing life adjustments/ND burnout & c) make informed choices about how/when it is safe to “unmask.” I help clients: identify personal life/career-related challenges, build upon strengths, & make constructive changes to create a ‘right-sized’ life. I’m a multicultural-educated ally & offer affirming space for marginalized folx (BIPOC, LGBTQAI+, ENM/polyamory, differently-abled).
(802) 565-5718 View (802) 565-5718
Photo of Kristi Beck, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brattleboro, VT
Kristi Beck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05301
You are here because some part of you knows that you can live with more balance, confidence, and joy. Perhaps you have been feeling disconnected from your life or from others in general. You might be feeling frustrated with inflexible patterns of thinking or behaviors that are no longer serving you. Maybe you’re struggling with important decisions or you find yourself feeling less tolerant of stressful situations. Anxiety, self-esteem, identity exploration, and managing life transitions are some topics that might come up during our work. You deserve to have your own space and time to heal – I am here to support you in this process.
You are here because some part of you knows that you can live with more balance, confidence, and joy. Perhaps you have been feeling disconnected from your life or from others in general. You might be feeling frustrated with inflexible patterns of thinking or behaviors that are no longer serving you. Maybe you’re struggling with important decisions or you find yourself feeling less tolerant of stressful situations. Anxiety, self-esteem, identity exploration, and managing life transitions are some topics that might come up during our work. You deserve to have your own space and time to heal – I am here to support you in this process.
(802) 348-2500 View (802) 348-2500
Photo of Renee Kondos, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Renee Kondos
Counselor, LCMHC, MA
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Welcome to Hobbyhorse Counseling, LLC! My practice focuses on treating children and families that have experienced trauma, as well as working with those who experience trauma due to being marginalized by our society. I believe in focusing on strengths, spending time engaged in play, and building a team of supports to help achieve goals.
Welcome to Hobbyhorse Counseling, LLC! My practice focuses on treating children and families that have experienced trauma, as well as working with those who experience trauma due to being marginalized by our society. I believe in focusing on strengths, spending time engaged in play, and building a team of supports to help achieve goals.
(802) 808-6689 View (802) 808-6689
Photo of Norm Skorstad, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Norm Skorstad
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Not accepting new clients
I work collaboratively with adults and children dealing with issues such as trauma and loss, ADHD, anxiety and depression, and chronic pain, utilizing a pragmatic strength-based approach. Certified in EMDR, I also draw upon other mind-body modalities, such as Mindfulness Meditation, DBT, and attachment theory. My approach is grounded in spirituality and informed by over 30 years of participating in and leading mens groups. And it is characterized by a compassionate problem-solving attitude, and fueled by dogged determination and persistant stick-to-it-iveness. I teach clients stress-reduction techniques they can practice at home.
I work collaboratively with adults and children dealing with issues such as trauma and loss, ADHD, anxiety and depression, and chronic pain, utilizing a pragmatic strength-based approach. Certified in EMDR, I also draw upon other mind-body modalities, such as Mindfulness Meditation, DBT, and attachment theory. My approach is grounded in spirituality and informed by over 30 years of participating in and leading mens groups. And it is characterized by a compassionate problem-solving attitude, and fueled by dogged determination and persistant stick-to-it-iveness. I teach clients stress-reduction techniques they can practice at home.
(802) 257-0700 View (802) 257-0700
Photo of Wendy E. Baxter, Counselor in Brattleboro, VT
Wendy E. Baxter
Counselor, LCMHC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05301  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Cairn Counseling: We are all on a journey. Sometimes you can feel like you’ve hit a dead end or are at a crossroad unsure how to move forward. Cairns mark the trail just as therapy can help you find your path to inner wisdom, growth, and peace. Our task together is to develop the skills needed to navigate the terrain and weather the storms as we also discover joy in the moments along the way.
Cairn Counseling: We are all on a journey. Sometimes you can feel like you’ve hit a dead end or are at a crossroad unsure how to move forward. Cairns mark the trail just as therapy can help you find your path to inner wisdom, growth, and peace. Our task together is to develop the skills needed to navigate the terrain and weather the storms as we also discover joy in the moments along the way.
(802) 327-8278 View (802) 327-8278

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Brattleboro, VT

100+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Brattleboro, VT who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
82% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
65% Trauma and PTSD
64% Stress
61% Grief

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Medicaid
42% Green Mountain Care

How Therapists in Brattleboro, VT see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

69% Female
27% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Brattleboro?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.