Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

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Photo of Perry Emerick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Perry Emerick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LAC, MA, ORDM
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85257
My desire is to help people overcome their challenges through a uniquely Christian, root based, trauma informed approach. As an ordained minister in the Christian Church and a trained EMDR therapist, my desire is to combine those two disciplines to help clients achieve freedom and healing from the difficult issues they experience in their lives.
My desire is to help people overcome their challenges through a uniquely Christian, root based, trauma informed approach. As an ordained minister in the Christian Church and a trained EMDR therapist, my desire is to combine those two disciplines to help clients achieve freedom and healing from the difficult issues they experience in their lives.
(602) 833-5862 View (602) 833-5862
Photo of Shaul Austin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Shaul Austin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85255
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 25 years treating Eating Disorders, Trauma, & Addiction. I'm passionate about providing help and hope to those impacted by trauma and addictions. I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship and see this healing connection as a vital role in individual and relational health. My therapeutic style draws from an eclectic blend of theory and creativity. I work to blend interpersonal and cognitive behavioral approaches while focusing on meeting the needs of individuals and families.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 25 years treating Eating Disorders, Trauma, & Addiction. I'm passionate about providing help and hope to those impacted by trauma and addictions. I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship and see this healing connection as a vital role in individual and relational health. My therapeutic style draws from an eclectic blend of theory and creativity. I work to blend interpersonal and cognitive behavioral approaches while focusing on meeting the needs of individuals and families.
(480) 613-9582 View (480) 613-9582
Photo of David M Kolker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
David M Kolker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, JD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260  (Online Only)
I'm so happy that you reached out for help. I am David Kolker, a licensed therapist. You can read more about my background, education, experience, and therapy approach by clicking on qualifications on this page. Rest assured that I am atypical and truly seek to work with you from an authentic perspective. My goal is to work "with" you and get to know you as we seek solutions to issues
I'm so happy that you reached out for help. I am David Kolker, a licensed therapist. You can read more about my background, education, experience, and therapy approach by clicking on qualifications on this page. Rest assured that I am atypical and truly seek to work with you from an authentic perspective. My goal is to work "with" you and get to know you as we seek solutions to issues
(520) 335-3490 View (520) 335-3490
Photo of Nicole Lebowitz, Psychologist in Scottsdale, AZ
Nicole Lebowitz
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
I am committed to helping individuals of all ages gain clarity in navigating life challenges. Using client-centered and solution-focused modalities I aim to help clients feel more emotionally balanced, present and engaged in lives that bring them joy.
I am committed to helping individuals of all ages gain clarity in navigating life challenges. Using client-centered and solution-focused modalities I aim to help clients feel more emotionally balanced, present and engaged in lives that bring them joy.
(602) 892-0325 View (602) 892-0325
Photo of Glendine Soiseth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Glendine Soiseth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
WARMTH & SPACE. I welcome those who are feeling purposeless, those who may feel they are going through the motions and/or feeling emotionally flooded or numbed out. For those who've been strong, you've been strong far too long. Now is your time to be heard, listened to and experience hope again. I am EMDR trained and specialize in trauma, abuse, neglect, grief/loss, abandonment, and issues self-medicating. I have over 19 years clinical experience working with kids, teens, adults and families in the recovery and healing process. My style is to address issues with clarity and compassion.
WARMTH & SPACE. I welcome those who are feeling purposeless, those who may feel they are going through the motions and/or feeling emotionally flooded or numbed out. For those who've been strong, you've been strong far too long. Now is your time to be heard, listened to and experience hope again. I am EMDR trained and specialize in trauma, abuse, neglect, grief/loss, abandonment, and issues self-medicating. I have over 19 years clinical experience working with kids, teens, adults and families in the recovery and healing process. My style is to address issues with clarity and compassion.
(480) 210-1686 View (480) 210-1686
Photo of Nancy Hagopian, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Nancy Hagopian
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
You know that life can be challenging. You may be dealing with work or school issues, parenting, marital discord or divorce, family conflicts, retirement, emotional/physical abuse, concerns over world events or shouldering the aftermath of a painful past or trauma that continues to haunt you. Such experiences can leave you feeling stuck in negative ways of thinking and feeling about yourself, the world and other people and lead to ineffective ways of coping and ultimately prevent you from living a happy and productive life.
You know that life can be challenging. You may be dealing with work or school issues, parenting, marital discord or divorce, family conflicts, retirement, emotional/physical abuse, concerns over world events or shouldering the aftermath of a painful past or trauma that continues to haunt you. Such experiences can leave you feeling stuck in negative ways of thinking and feeling about yourself, the world and other people and lead to ineffective ways of coping and ultimately prevent you from living a happy and productive life.
(480) 780-1823 View (480) 780-1823
Photo of Waybridge Counseling, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Waybridge Counseling
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Come experience therapy with one of our specialists. We offer individual counseling for anxiety and depression, panic disorder and OCD, couples counseling for a variety of concerns, including infidelity treatment, trauma and EMDR counseling, and help with sports performance. If cost is a concern, we also offer low-cost counseling with one of clinical counseling interns.
Come experience therapy with one of our specialists. We offer individual counseling for anxiety and depression, panic disorder and OCD, couples counseling for a variety of concerns, including infidelity treatment, trauma and EMDR counseling, and help with sports performance. If cost is a concern, we also offer low-cost counseling with one of clinical counseling interns.
(480) 771-9892 View (480) 771-9892
Photo of Joyce Willis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Joyce Willis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor trained in treating addictions, trauma, depression, anxiety and bereavement. I earned my Bachelor of Education Degree in my early adulthood. After teaching for several years, I earned a Master's Degree in counseling and have been in the counseling field since 1996; working extensively with addiction issues and trauma. My goal is to help promote wellness in clients, helping them connect their emotional, mindful and "soul" selves in a compassionate and challenging manner to promote growth. I have assisted Pia Mellody in her PIT Trainings. See my Facebook page: Wellness with Willis.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor trained in treating addictions, trauma, depression, anxiety and bereavement. I earned my Bachelor of Education Degree in my early adulthood. After teaching for several years, I earned a Master's Degree in counseling and have been in the counseling field since 1996; working extensively with addiction issues and trauma. My goal is to help promote wellness in clients, helping them connect their emotional, mindful and "soul" selves in a compassionate and challenging manner to promote growth. I have assisted Pia Mellody in her PIT Trainings. See my Facebook page: Wellness with Willis.
(623) 745-8816 View (623) 745-8816
Photo of Meredith Riddick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Meredith Riddick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CEDS-S
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes even the smartest and most capable women I know feel stuck. It could be moving beyond an issue in a relationship, anxiety, perfectionism or it could be an eating disorder or traumatic memory. You may feel like you are underperforming in life and relationships or just completely overwhelmed with everything going on. When we do not have the social support we need or just not sure how to use our social support, it can be helpful to talk to a professional and get objective feedback. To be asked thought provoking questions. To get ideas with how to move forward and start thriving in life!
Sometimes even the smartest and most capable women I know feel stuck. It could be moving beyond an issue in a relationship, anxiety, perfectionism or it could be an eating disorder or traumatic memory. You may feel like you are underperforming in life and relationships or just completely overwhelmed with everything going on. When we do not have the social support we need or just not sure how to use our social support, it can be helpful to talk to a professional and get objective feedback. To be asked thought provoking questions. To get ideas with how to move forward and start thriving in life!
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Photo of Angela Smigiel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Angela Smigiel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CSAT
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and have worked in the mental and behavioral health field since 2004. I am a graduate of Arizona State University, receiving a Bachelor's Degree in Psychology and Master's of Social Work degree. My approach is integrative and trauma informed. My objective as a Therapist is to help you heal from your past and identify and shift patterns that are no longer serving you.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and have worked in the mental and behavioral health field since 2004. I am a graduate of Arizona State University, receiving a Bachelor's Degree in Psychology and Master's of Social Work degree. My approach is integrative and trauma informed. My objective as a Therapist is to help you heal from your past and identify and shift patterns that are no longer serving you.
(480) 428-2670 View (480) 428-2670
Photo of Rachel Goodman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Rachel Goodman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LAMFT, MAS-MFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85257
Are you struggling in your relationship? I am here to help. No relationship is perfect. But it takes two people willing to work hard, grow together, and be open to change. I would to love help you through your growth journey. It has always been a passion of mine to help couples grow into the best version of their relationships. My therapy room is a safe, supportive, & non judgemental space. I specialize in helping couples with a wide range of challenges. My approach collaborative, compassionate and informative. You will leave my sessions with and tools to help you grow. Accepting new clients! Located near Scottsdale, Arcadia, Tempe.
Are you struggling in your relationship? I am here to help. No relationship is perfect. But it takes two people willing to work hard, grow together, and be open to change. I would to love help you through your growth journey. It has always been a passion of mine to help couples grow into the best version of their relationships. My therapy room is a safe, supportive, & non judgemental space. I specialize in helping couples with a wide range of challenges. My approach collaborative, compassionate and informative. You will leave my sessions with and tools to help you grow. Accepting new clients! Located near Scottsdale, Arcadia, Tempe.
(480) 376-7216 View (480) 376-7216
Photo of Emma Matthys, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Emma Matthys
Counselor, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
As a mental health clinician, I am here to support individuals through a safe and secure therapeutic alliance. I value human connection and identifying diverse methods used for connection considering the unique qualities of each person. I have experience in working with children, adolescents, and adults who have a variety of emotional, behavioral, and or cognitive needs. I focus on topics such as depression, anxiety, phase of life transitions and challenges, LGBTQ+, careers, ADHD, trauma, grief/loss, and relationship distress.
As a mental health clinician, I am here to support individuals through a safe and secure therapeutic alliance. I value human connection and identifying diverse methods used for connection considering the unique qualities of each person. I have experience in working with children, adolescents, and adults who have a variety of emotional, behavioral, and or cognitive needs. I focus on topics such as depression, anxiety, phase of life transitions and challenges, LGBTQ+, careers, ADHD, trauma, grief/loss, and relationship distress.
(602) 932-2590 View (602) 932-2590
Photo of Rachel Amanda Freidus, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Rachel Amanda Freidus
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and a Certified Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapist, who cares deeply about helping people heal, become their best selves, achieve their goals and improve their relationships. I provide a safe, supportive and non-judgmental space, where you will feel heard, seen and accepted. As your therapist, I will collaborate with you in the work that we do together.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and a Certified Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapist, who cares deeply about helping people heal, become their best selves, achieve their goals and improve their relationships. I provide a safe, supportive and non-judgmental space, where you will feel heard, seen and accepted. As your therapist, I will collaborate with you in the work that we do together.
(480) 666-8539 View (480) 666-8539
Photo of Cydney Woodson, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Cydney Woodson
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Taking these small steps on your healing journey shows great courage. The daily challenges of life can leave us feeling tired, stressed, anxious, and unmotivated. We can sometimes find ourselves cruising on autopilot and find ourselves neglecting our needs. Gaining insight, increasing self-awareness, and feeling confident in yourself are just a few things you can gain from therapy in an open and honest space. You are deserving of grace and compassion, and I am excited to walk alongside you on your journey! I strive to create a safe, supportive, and collaborative space for you.
Taking these small steps on your healing journey shows great courage. The daily challenges of life can leave us feeling tired, stressed, anxious, and unmotivated. We can sometimes find ourselves cruising on autopilot and find ourselves neglecting our needs. Gaining insight, increasing self-awareness, and feeling confident in yourself are just a few things you can gain from therapy in an open and honest space. You are deserving of grace and compassion, and I am excited to walk alongside you on your journey! I strive to create a safe, supportive, and collaborative space for you.
(480) 418-9774 View (480) 418-9774
Photo of Sumer Statler Aeed, Psychologist in Scottsdale, AZ
Sumer Statler Aeed
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
For 22 years I have been helping people solve challenges in life and to find the power and abilities that have been inside them all along. I work with people who face challenges in life as well as those who simply seek ongoing growth and joy in their lives. Let's collaborate to find solutions and to help you develop the skills to improve your quality of life and create lasting change in your relationships with yourself and others. My goal is to create a collaborative relationship with you to help you uncover your authentic self. My style is caring, direct, and often humorous.
For 22 years I have been helping people solve challenges in life and to find the power and abilities that have been inside them all along. I work with people who face challenges in life as well as those who simply seek ongoing growth and joy in their lives. Let's collaborate to find solutions and to help you develop the skills to improve your quality of life and create lasting change in your relationships with yourself and others. My goal is to create a collaborative relationship with you to help you uncover your authentic self. My style is caring, direct, and often humorous.
(480) 526-7033 View (480) 526-7033
Photo of Teri Nelson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Teri Nelson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85257
Hi there- I work with highly motivated individuals who have endured childhood/recent trauma or who are struggling with recurring emotional pain who want freedom, and healing, and have the desire to feel less sensitive to the thoughts, emotional pain, or images. If you are looking for a therapist who creates a safe therapeutic environment and focuses on overcoming challenges and skill-building to find healing, we may be a good fit. You may have tried a variety of things before and it can be frustrating. I want you to see some real change and feel better. You can contact me today for a free consultation.
Hi there- I work with highly motivated individuals who have endured childhood/recent trauma or who are struggling with recurring emotional pain who want freedom, and healing, and have the desire to feel less sensitive to the thoughts, emotional pain, or images. If you are looking for a therapist who creates a safe therapeutic environment and focuses on overcoming challenges and skill-building to find healing, we may be a good fit. You may have tried a variety of things before and it can be frustrating. I want you to see some real change and feel better. You can contact me today for a free consultation.
(520) 412-8509 View (520) 412-8509
Photo of Gina Weisman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Gina Weisman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, Trauma
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Feeling stuck in therapy; unable to move past your trauma by just talking about it? I'm Gina, a therapist specializing in Brainspotting—a therapy approach that helps individuals identify and process deep-seated emotional and physical trauma. I can support you in breaking free from cycles of stuck behaviors, emotions, and belief systems that aren't being healed by simply 'talking' about the problem. In addition to Brainspotting, I integrate modalities such as Parts Work, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, and EMDR, tailoring treatment to meet your unique needs.
Feeling stuck in therapy; unable to move past your trauma by just talking about it? I'm Gina, a therapist specializing in Brainspotting—a therapy approach that helps individuals identify and process deep-seated emotional and physical trauma. I can support you in breaking free from cycles of stuck behaviors, emotions, and belief systems that aren't being healed by simply 'talking' about the problem. In addition to Brainspotting, I integrate modalities such as Parts Work, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, and EMDR, tailoring treatment to meet your unique needs.
(480) 914-2584 View (480) 914-2584
Photo of Olga Petrova in Scottsdale, AZ
Olga Petrova
MAPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
A journey that looks inward and embodies, what I believe to be, fundamental aspects of life, which are Transformation, Adaptation and Acceptance. To reach this method of consciousness, it can’t be counterfeited, I live it. I came to discover that what I enjoy most is inspiring others and aiding them in finding their own way by unlocking their potential and discovering all the possibilities that lead to their specific and individual transformation.
A journey that looks inward and embodies, what I believe to be, fundamental aspects of life, which are Transformation, Adaptation and Acceptance. To reach this method of consciousness, it can’t be counterfeited, I live it. I came to discover that what I enjoy most is inspiring others and aiding them in finding their own way by unlocking their potential and discovering all the possibilities that lead to their specific and individual transformation.
(602) 769-2278 View (602) 769-2278
Photo of Dr. Kristina Welker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Dr. Kristina Welker
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
If you are currently struggling with family issues, feel free to call or email me. I am currently accepting clients in-person or through a video chat called Doxy.me. I will teach you how to effectively communicate, be less anxious during stressful times and to become more self-assured in your everyday decisions. I see individuals ages 12+, couples, families and seniors. Our work will empower you to make the changes that you need to make in order to live a more fulfilling life.
If you are currently struggling with family issues, feel free to call or email me. I am currently accepting clients in-person or through a video chat called Doxy.me. I will teach you how to effectively communicate, be less anxious during stressful times and to become more self-assured in your everyday decisions. I see individuals ages 12+, couples, families and seniors. Our work will empower you to make the changes that you need to make in order to live a more fulfilling life.
(480) 800-8292 View (480) 800-8292
Photo of Karen Dorsey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Karen Dorsey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CDC®
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85255  (Online Only)
Are you trying to decide whether you should stay or leave your relationship? Perhaps you are in a loveless marriage and you've been thinking about leaving for months, years, or even decades, but you don't know if you can. Have you experienced the trauma of emotional, financial, or sexual infidelity? I have been where you are and this can be incredibly isolating. Allow me to be your thinking partner as you navigate this unknown territory so that you and your family will not be destroyed by this life changing event. I would love to serve as your guide so you will have joy, peace of mind, and love in the next chapter of your life.
Are you trying to decide whether you should stay or leave your relationship? Perhaps you are in a loveless marriage and you've been thinking about leaving for months, years, or even decades, but you don't know if you can. Have you experienced the trauma of emotional, financial, or sexual infidelity? I have been where you are and this can be incredibly isolating. Allow me to be your thinking partner as you navigate this unknown territory so that you and your family will not be destroyed by this life changing event. I would love to serve as your guide so you will have joy, peace of mind, and love in the next chapter of your life.
(480) 531-7553 View (480) 531-7553

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
63% BlueCross and BlueShield
58% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scottsdale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.