Therapists in Boston, MA

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Photo of Jennifer Traficanti, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Jennifer Traficanti
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CST
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02129  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have over 25 years of experience in the social work field working with individuals of all ages, families, LGBTQ and students and come from a strengths-based and solution focused approach. I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker and Certified Sex Therapist committed to building a solid relationship and creating a safe space for anyone to share and explore together. I incorporate various methods of talk therapy, CBT, SFBT, mindfulness, and spiritual guidance.
I have over 25 years of experience in the social work field working with individuals of all ages, families, LGBTQ and students and come from a strengths-based and solution focused approach. I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker and Certified Sex Therapist committed to building a solid relationship and creating a safe space for anyone to share and explore together. I incorporate various methods of talk therapy, CBT, SFBT, mindfulness, and spiritual guidance.
(857) 763-3099 View (857) 763-3099
Photo of Bethanie Leonardo, Counselor in Boston, MA
Bethanie Leonardo
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02203  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients in MA and RI via Telehealth with daytime availability and the following insurances: BCBS, Harvard Pilgrim, United Health & Tufts. As my client, you can expect a safe, therapeutic, and non judgmental environment to process your emotions and better understand yourself. I will help you feel safe, secure, and heard. Together, we will learn how to reframe your negative thinking and develop a positive mindset. I primarily use cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as a client centered/strength based approach. However, I am open to adapting our therapeutic techniques to help you achieve your desired goals.
Accepting new clients in MA and RI via Telehealth with daytime availability and the following insurances: BCBS, Harvard Pilgrim, United Health & Tufts. As my client, you can expect a safe, therapeutic, and non judgmental environment to process your emotions and better understand yourself. I will help you feel safe, secure, and heard. Together, we will learn how to reframe your negative thinking and develop a positive mindset. I primarily use cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as a client centered/strength based approach. However, I am open to adapting our therapeutic techniques to help you achieve your desired goals.
(774) 425-7706 View (774) 425-7706
Photo of Nicholas Kolasinski, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Nicholas Kolasinski
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
Throughout life, we all face challenges and stressors that can be too difficult to resolve alone. Oftentimes, the viewpoint of a nonjudgmental third person can provide exceptionally useful new perspectives and insights. Working together, I help my clients discover their values, learn new ways of managing distress, and live their optimal life.
Throughout life, we all face challenges and stressors that can be too difficult to resolve alone. Oftentimes, the viewpoint of a nonjudgmental third person can provide exceptionally useful new perspectives and insights. Working together, I help my clients discover their values, learn new ways of managing distress, and live their optimal life.
(857) 763-5117 View (857) 763-5117
Photo of Elevation Therapy, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Elevation Therapy, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the effects of trauma in your everyday life? Do you find yourself struggling with anxiety, panic attacks, anger, and sadness, and inadvertently directing those emotions towards your loved ones? Coping with these emotions on your own can be incredibly challenging.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the effects of trauma in your everyday life? Do you find yourself struggling with anxiety, panic attacks, anger, and sadness, and inadvertently directing those emotions towards your loved ones? Coping with these emotions on your own can be incredibly challenging.
(617) 415-4217 View (617) 415-4217
Photo of Robert Bonazoli, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Robert Bonazoli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02115
I am licensed to practice in MA, NY, RI, and ME, and am available for virtual sessions. I use an integrative approach to psychotherapy, combining insight and skills-based frameworks. I help clients understand how their past experiences and relationships shaped and influence who they are now and how they experience the world (insight), and I help them develop tools for addressing current life situations and for putting that insight to work in moving their lives in the direction they want (skills-based). This approach helps clients link the past which formed them, the present they are living in, and the future they wish to experience.
I am licensed to practice in MA, NY, RI, and ME, and am available for virtual sessions. I use an integrative approach to psychotherapy, combining insight and skills-based frameworks. I help clients understand how their past experiences and relationships shaped and influence who they are now and how they experience the world (insight), and I help them develop tools for addressing current life situations and for putting that insight to work in moving their lives in the direction they want (skills-based). This approach helps clients link the past which formed them, the present they are living in, and the future they wish to experience.
(617) 682-9136 View (617) 682-9136
Photo of Dr. Esther Rosario, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Dr. Esther Rosario
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, MSW, MPA
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
You already took the first step. Read a little bit about me to see if I can help you take the next step. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience. I am licensed in Massachusetts, New York, Florida and Connecticut. I am a Qualified Supervisor in the state of Florida. I graduated from New York University with my Master's in Social Work. I focused on clinical training which included specialized practical training in South Africa. In addition, I have worked with evidence based models nationally and internationally.
You already took the first step. Read a little bit about me to see if I can help you take the next step. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience. I am licensed in Massachusetts, New York, Florida and Connecticut. I am a Qualified Supervisor in the state of Florida. I graduated from New York University with my Master's in Social Work. I focused on clinical training which included specialized practical training in South Africa. In addition, I have worked with evidence based models nationally and internationally.
(339) 217-6167 View (339) 217-6167
Photo of Rachel Daws, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Rachel Daws
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MPH
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02128  (Online Only)
As a licensed clinical social worker with a special interest in integrated behavioral health, I help people cope with the emotional and psychological aspects of living with chronic or accute medical conditions. I understand that living with a medical condition can be challenging, frustrating and isolating. Together, we can overcome the barriers that are keeping you from living the life you want. Whether you are struggling with diabetes, chronic pain, injury or another health concern, I am here to support you and help you reclaim your life.
As a licensed clinical social worker with a special interest in integrated behavioral health, I help people cope with the emotional and psychological aspects of living with chronic or accute medical conditions. I understand that living with a medical condition can be challenging, frustrating and isolating. Together, we can overcome the barriers that are keeping you from living the life you want. Whether you are struggling with diabetes, chronic pain, injury or another health concern, I am here to support you and help you reclaim your life.
(617) 766-1702 View (617) 766-1702
Photo of Annelle Kallman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Annelle Kallman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LADC-I
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
Not accepting new clients
I believe therapy is a place for self-exploration and building awareness of what is holding you back from leading a more fulfilling life. Whether you have suffered a recent loss or trauma, are suffering with painful emotions or having trouble coping with a life transition, therapy is a place to be heard and supported as you navigate the difficult path towards healing. I utilize an integrative approach to therapy, pulling predominately from relational and interpersonal theories, while incorporating motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral interventions when appropriate.
I believe therapy is a place for self-exploration and building awareness of what is holding you back from leading a more fulfilling life. Whether you have suffered a recent loss or trauma, are suffering with painful emotions or having trouble coping with a life transition, therapy is a place to be heard and supported as you navigate the difficult path towards healing. I utilize an integrative approach to therapy, pulling predominately from relational and interpersonal theories, while incorporating motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral interventions when appropriate.
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Photo of Adriana Gambino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Adriana Gambino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, DipACLM
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
I help people alleviate uncomfortable feelings, gain insight, and increase coping skills to overcome stress, anxiety, depression and life transitions (such as relocation, career transitions). Part of being human means that you will struggle at some point with unproductive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, or unexpectedly have to manage something life throws your way. Clients I work with are motivated to develop advanced life skills to increase their happiness, self-confidence and emotional health and well-being and are seeking tools to assist them in the process.
I help people alleviate uncomfortable feelings, gain insight, and increase coping skills to overcome stress, anxiety, depression and life transitions (such as relocation, career transitions). Part of being human means that you will struggle at some point with unproductive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, or unexpectedly have to manage something life throws your way. Clients I work with are motivated to develop advanced life skills to increase their happiness, self-confidence and emotional health and well-being and are seeking tools to assist them in the process.
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Photo of Gabrielle Rizzo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Gabrielle Rizzo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02118  (Online Only)
I have immediate evening availability! I have experience and enjoy working with clients of all ages. I am most passionate in working with children, youth, adolescents, and young adults. I am excited to help empower you to recognize your own resilience and capabilities. I have experience in helping clients build confidence, self advocacy skills and in helping improve mood, quality of relationships, and more. I meet my clients with kindness, empathy, respect, and without judgment. I seek to create a trusting therapeutic space where people can make desired changes in the way they think, feel, and interact with the world around them.
I have immediate evening availability! I have experience and enjoy working with clients of all ages. I am most passionate in working with children, youth, adolescents, and young adults. I am excited to help empower you to recognize your own resilience and capabilities. I have experience in helping clients build confidence, self advocacy skills and in helping improve mood, quality of relationships, and more. I meet my clients with kindness, empathy, respect, and without judgment. I seek to create a trusting therapeutic space where people can make desired changes in the way they think, feel, and interact with the world around them.
(857) 371-5871 View (857) 371-5871
Photo of Tiffany Cooper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Tiffany Cooper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02122  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Tiffany is a mother, spouse, daughter, and friend who is dedicated to the healing of the Black community. Born and raised in Dorchester, Massachusetts, Tiffany has a thorough understanding of how unhealed trauma can negatively impact a person’s life.
Tiffany is a mother, spouse, daughter, and friend who is dedicated to the healing of the Black community. Born and raised in Dorchester, Massachusetts, Tiffany has a thorough understanding of how unhealed trauma can negatively impact a person’s life.
(617) 996-7231 View (617) 996-7231
Photo of Malika Bouajaj, Counselor in Boston, MA
Malika Bouajaj
Counselor, LMHC, CAGS
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
Currently Accepting New Clients ..... “Do you feel like no one understands the difficulties you are experiencing? Do you feel like you are falling into a deep confusion? Are you in need of clarity and support? You don’t have to be alone in your struggles”. I am a licensed clinical psychotherapist, practicing in Boston, MA since 1998. I treat individuals, couples, and families with a range of mental health concerns and personal problems, such as addiction, anxiety, depression, grief, and personality disorders.
Currently Accepting New Clients ..... “Do you feel like no one understands the difficulties you are experiencing? Do you feel like you are falling into a deep confusion? Are you in need of clarity and support? You don’t have to be alone in your struggles”. I am a licensed clinical psychotherapist, practicing in Boston, MA since 1998. I treat individuals, couples, and families with a range of mental health concerns and personal problems, such as addiction, anxiety, depression, grief, and personality disorders.
(617) 544-2286 View (617) 544-2286
Photo of David Friedler, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Boston, MA
David Friedler
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LMHC, LPCC, MPH
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130
As a psychotherapist, I am continually committed to providing a safe and supportive experience for my clients. Using traditional and more current modalities I work to help people address behaviors that may affect interpersonal, relational, and career challenges. All are welcomed in therapy to learn new ways to manage the obstacles to personal social and occupational wellbeing. I work with people around longstanding issues of depression and anxiety, relationship difficulties, as well as adjustment to educational and career transitions.
As a psychotherapist, I am continually committed to providing a safe and supportive experience for my clients. Using traditional and more current modalities I work to help people address behaviors that may affect interpersonal, relational, and career challenges. All are welcomed in therapy to learn new ways to manage the obstacles to personal social and occupational wellbeing. I work with people around longstanding issues of depression and anxiety, relationship difficulties, as well as adjustment to educational and career transitions.
(617) 390-8074 View (617) 390-8074
Photo of Andrea Cooke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Andrea Cooke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02127  (Online Only)
Life can be tough. Trauma, relationships, and brain chemistry may contribute to uncontrollable emotions and the inability to cope with people and situations. It is not easy, and there are no quick fixes, but healing is possible. Everyone is different, and thus therapy should be tailored accordingly to individual needs. Our work will be collaborative to make sure you are getting the support that aligns with your personality, experiences, and goals. My approach emphasizes realistic approaches to meet you where you are.
Life can be tough. Trauma, relationships, and brain chemistry may contribute to uncontrollable emotions and the inability to cope with people and situations. It is not easy, and there are no quick fixes, but healing is possible. Everyone is different, and thus therapy should be tailored accordingly to individual needs. Our work will be collaborative to make sure you are getting the support that aligns with your personality, experiences, and goals. My approach emphasizes realistic approaches to meet you where you are.
(617) 915-3413 View (617) 915-3413
Photo of Robin May, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Robin May
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Hello. I'm Robin. Are you feeling overwhelmed? Taking care of everyone and forgetting yourself ? Struggling with life changes? Do you need to regroup and refocus? Sometimes it's helpful to have a sounding board to help us through these times. I have worked with clients who have experienced stressful times, such as when dealing with illness, end of life or experiencing major life changes. These difficult days may bring on anxiety, depression or fear of what lies ahead. I hope my education and experience can help you cope through these times.
Hello. I'm Robin. Are you feeling overwhelmed? Taking care of everyone and forgetting yourself ? Struggling with life changes? Do you need to regroup and refocus? Sometimes it's helpful to have a sounding board to help us through these times. I have worked with clients who have experienced stressful times, such as when dealing with illness, end of life or experiencing major life changes. These difficult days may bring on anxiety, depression or fear of what lies ahead. I hope my education and experience can help you cope through these times.
(508) 684-2294 View (508) 684-2294
Photo of Emily Inglesi, Psy.D., Psychologist in Boston, MA
Emily Inglesi, Psy.D.
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with professionals around managing anxiety, providing in-depth career counseling and assessment, navigating life transitions and various issues related to identity. With warmth and humor, I value collaborating with clients and strategizing ways to resolve concerns related to transitions with more confidence and ease, with the goal of helping clients live a more valued life with decreased stress and anxiety. I have extensive experience and interest in working with clients from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and perspectives.
I specialize in working with professionals around managing anxiety, providing in-depth career counseling and assessment, navigating life transitions and various issues related to identity. With warmth and humor, I value collaborating with clients and strategizing ways to resolve concerns related to transitions with more confidence and ease, with the goal of helping clients live a more valued life with decreased stress and anxiety. I have extensive experience and interest in working with clients from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and perspectives.
(617) 925-6880 View (617) 925-6880
Photo of Laura Adamic, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Laura Adamic
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
I am a licensed psychologist specialized in providing individual psychotherapy to adults. I work compassionately with my clients to create personal growth, including: Developing insight about one's characteristic ways of dealing with stress, engaging in relationships, or maintaining motivation * * Creating healthy responses to stress at work or in family life * * Navigating transitions like divorce, loss, pregnancy, job change, relocation * * Recognizing and managing anxiety and depression * * Unpacking complex family dynamics and histories * * Clarifying personal values and aligning goals accordingly.
I am a licensed psychologist specialized in providing individual psychotherapy to adults. I work compassionately with my clients to create personal growth, including: Developing insight about one's characteristic ways of dealing with stress, engaging in relationships, or maintaining motivation * * Creating healthy responses to stress at work or in family life * * Navigating transitions like divorce, loss, pregnancy, job change, relocation * * Recognizing and managing anxiety and depression * * Unpacking complex family dynamics and histories * * Clarifying personal values and aligning goals accordingly.
(617) 580-3138 View (617) 580-3138
Photo of Michelle Simankov, Counselor in Boston, MA
Michelle Simankov
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02132  (Online Only)
Counseling gives you an opportunity to manifest the life you deserve. It can be difficult to see beyond the behaviors and patterns holding you back when you’re stuck in unproductive cycles. In therapy, you can begin the process of healing so that you can effectively open yourself up to the right kind of relationships that will meet your needs. Throughout counseling, I will gently challenge you to dig deeper into your history and past wounds so that you can begin to see where certain obstacles originated. By untangling some of these elements, you can clarify what you want and need out of life.
Counseling gives you an opportunity to manifest the life you deserve. It can be difficult to see beyond the behaviors and patterns holding you back when you’re stuck in unproductive cycles. In therapy, you can begin the process of healing so that you can effectively open yourself up to the right kind of relationships that will meet your needs. Throughout counseling, I will gently challenge you to dig deeper into your history and past wounds so that you can begin to see where certain obstacles originated. By untangling some of these elements, you can clarify what you want and need out of life.
(781) 253-8972 View (781) 253-8972
Photo of Emily S Frank, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Emily S Frank
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02132
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist, I take a collaborative approach with patients to relieve distress, improve well-being, and develop new insights. Together, we will identify patterns in living that you want to change, and discover how prior experiences have shaped your emotional life, relationships, and behavior, perhaps in ways that are outside of your awareness. I treat patients who experience anxiety, depression, difficulties in relationships, challenges related to work and career, and stress that is related to life transitions. I work with adults of all ages, and I have special expertise in working with parents of children with disabilities.
As a therapist, I take a collaborative approach with patients to relieve distress, improve well-being, and develop new insights. Together, we will identify patterns in living that you want to change, and discover how prior experiences have shaped your emotional life, relationships, and behavior, perhaps in ways that are outside of your awareness. I treat patients who experience anxiety, depression, difficulties in relationships, challenges related to work and career, and stress that is related to life transitions. I work with adults of all ages, and I have special expertise in working with parents of children with disabilities.
(781) 483-0253 View (781) 483-0253
Photo of Luke Patrick 'tt' King, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Luke Patrick 'tt' King
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
Note: I am only accepting full-fee pts at this time. I apologize my sliding scale is full! (04/2023). It is my belief that healing happens in relationships, and therapy is no different. We will orient our work toward what matters to you most, and through somatic tools, relationship building, and exploration of different parts of self, you can practice having choice over your patterns of being, relating, and feeling. I acknowledge the role of systems of oppression on mental health and wellness, and have particular training supporting an increased sense of safety, dignity, and belonging for those who have experienced trauma.
Note: I am only accepting full-fee pts at this time. I apologize my sliding scale is full! (04/2023). It is my belief that healing happens in relationships, and therapy is no different. We will orient our work toward what matters to you most, and through somatic tools, relationship building, and exploration of different parts of self, you can practice having choice over your patterns of being, relating, and feeling. I acknowledge the role of systems of oppression on mental health and wellness, and have particular training supporting an increased sense of safety, dignity, and belonging for those who have experienced trauma.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
58% Aetna

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

60% Online Only
40% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.