Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA

Photo of Centre for Holistic Therapies, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Centre for Holistic Therapies, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy working with people who are striving to rise from a place of brokenness; those who need help seeing their innate value and worth. There can be many things that block our vision of ourselves as being great. My goal is to work with clients who need help dusting off their glasses and learning how to reframe their way of seeing the world. Whether it is depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, infidelity, self-hatred, or fear that is stopping you; if you are willing to be vulnerable, then you can experience change. The goal being a new or improved vision for a new and improved you.
I enjoy working with people who are striving to rise from a place of brokenness; those who need help seeing their innate value and worth. There can be many things that block our vision of ourselves as being great. My goal is to work with clients who need help dusting off their glasses and learning how to reframe their way of seeing the world. Whether it is depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, infidelity, self-hatred, or fear that is stopping you; if you are willing to be vulnerable, then you can experience change. The goal being a new or improved vision for a new and improved you.
(540) 698-3928 View (540) 698-3928
Photo of Andrea J McGowan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Andrea J McGowan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401  (Online Only)
Mental health is a process, and everyone’s journey is different. Our struggles can help us grow and discover strengths we never knew we had. Sometimes, we just need a little help along the way. If you’re ready to take steps towards improved mental health and well being, I can help you in your journey! We will work together to overcome any challenges you may be facing. Sometimes being heard is the first step to healing. Also offering Telehealth services for all clients!
Mental health is a process, and everyone’s journey is different. Our struggles can help us grow and discover strengths we never knew we had. Sometimes, we just need a little help along the way. If you’re ready to take steps towards improved mental health and well being, I can help you in your journey! We will work together to overcome any challenges you may be facing. Sometimes being heard is the first step to healing. Also offering Telehealth services for all clients!
(540) 666-6790 View (540) 666-6790
Photo of Michele L Neverdon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Michele L Neverdon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
I am the owner and sole practitioner of The Hope Connection. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP). I believe that all my clients have the ability to heal and learn restorative skills so that they can have a fulfilling life. My specialty is trauma and I'm trained and certified in EMDR. I utilize many different types of therapeutic methodologies given the issues, nature and personality of my clients.
I am the owner and sole practitioner of The Hope Connection. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP). I believe that all my clients have the ability to heal and learn restorative skills so that they can have a fulfilling life. My specialty is trauma and I'm trained and certified in EMDR. I utilize many different types of therapeutic methodologies given the issues, nature and personality of my clients.
(540) 361-6449 View (540) 361-6449
Photo of Tiara Upshur, Resident in Counseling in Fredericksburg, VA
Tiara Upshur
Resident in Counseling, MEd, R-LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22407
As the parent of a struggling child or adolescent, you often find yourself wondering what you can do to help them feel better. I believe it is important to understand “What is happening to me” versus “What is wrong with me.” I have had the pleasure of working with clients ages 3 to 55 years old and their families. I am familiar with Court-ordered clients, children in the foster care system, victims of sexual abuse and domestic violence, as well as active duty service members, veterans, and their families.
As the parent of a struggling child or adolescent, you often find yourself wondering what you can do to help them feel better. I believe it is important to understand “What is happening to me” versus “What is wrong with me.” I have had the pleasure of working with clients ages 3 to 55 years old and their families. I am familiar with Court-ordered clients, children in the foster care system, victims of sexual abuse and domestic violence, as well as active duty service members, veterans, and their families.
(540) 452-9298 View (540) 452-9298
Photo of Dr. Claire Hill, Psychologist in Fredericksburg, VA
Dr. Claire Hill
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
Eating disorders, body image concerns, and body dissatisfaction have been on the rise for years, with many reporting an increase in these concerns since the pandemic. Recovery can feel daunting and near impossible, but it is an attainable reality. I work with teens and young adults who are navigating recovery from eating disorders and negative body image, healing sexual trauma, processing relationship distress, and facing the unique challenges of adolescence and early adulthood.
Eating disorders, body image concerns, and body dissatisfaction have been on the rise for years, with many reporting an increase in these concerns since the pandemic. Recovery can feel daunting and near impossible, but it is an attainable reality. I work with teens and young adults who are navigating recovery from eating disorders and negative body image, healing sexual trauma, processing relationship distress, and facing the unique challenges of adolescence and early adulthood.
(540) 584-8366 View (540) 584-8366
Photo of AGUAS Latino Counseling Services, LLC, LPC Intern in Fredericksburg, VA
AGUAS Latino Counseling Services, LLC
LPC Intern, MA, CSAC, Superv
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
New: Providing Supervision for CSAC and CSAC Assistants. Soy una consejera Latina que ha estudiado y trabajado desde el 2000 en Virginia con clientes Latinos y los que hablan en Ingles. Su primera cita es una sesión de evaluación donde usted me conoce y yo a usted - hablamos de muchas cosas personales para poder crear un plan de servicios para asistirle en la situación que usted presente. I am a Latino Counselor that has studied and worked in Virginia since 2000 with State & private agencies; with Latino clients as well as those that speak English.
New: Providing Supervision for CSAC and CSAC Assistants. Soy una consejera Latina que ha estudiado y trabajado desde el 2000 en Virginia con clientes Latinos y los que hablan en Ingles. Su primera cita es una sesión de evaluación donde usted me conoce y yo a usted - hablamos de muchas cosas personales para poder crear un plan de servicios para asistirle en la situación que usted presente. I am a Latino Counselor that has studied and worked in Virginia since 2000 with State & private agencies; with Latino clients as well as those that speak English.
(540) 680-3605 View (540) 680-3605
Photo of Amani McCoy, Resident in Counseling in Fredericksburg, VA
Amani McCoy
Resident in Counseling, MEd, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Not accepting new clients
Ideal clients seek relief from distressing symptoms, improved relationships, and personal growth. They desire a safe space for exploration, compassionate support, and effective coping strategies. Their goals include alleviating mental health challenges, enhancing self-awareness, and cultivating a fulfilling life.
Ideal clients seek relief from distressing symptoms, improved relationships, and personal growth. They desire a safe space for exploration, compassionate support, and effective coping strategies. Their goals include alleviating mental health challenges, enhancing self-awareness, and cultivating a fulfilling life.
(540) 296-2852 View (540) 296-2852
Photo of Christin Guretsky, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Christin Guretsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Seeking therapeutic support can be challenging, scary, and overwhelming due to fears of being judged, uncertainty of the direction to take, and who to reach out to. My goal is to create an inviting environment where you can begin the process of addressing your goals and personal struggles. I believe we all face a time where we need extra support outside of our friends and families. Where we can focus on our own personal growth and empowerment by exploring thoughts, feelings, and life experiences to increase effective coping skills, problem solving skills, and new perspectives.
Seeking therapeutic support can be challenging, scary, and overwhelming due to fears of being judged, uncertainty of the direction to take, and who to reach out to. My goal is to create an inviting environment where you can begin the process of addressing your goals and personal struggles. I believe we all face a time where we need extra support outside of our friends and families. Where we can focus on our own personal growth and empowerment by exploring thoughts, feelings, and life experiences to increase effective coping skills, problem solving skills, and new perspectives.
(804) 375-4981 View (804) 375-4981
Photo of Victoria Tripp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Victoria Tripp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, OSW-C
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Waitlist for new clients
Individuals suffering from cancer and chronic illnesses are often overwhelmed with numerous challenges, including family system dynamics, and the tumult of intense and fluctuating emotions of fear, anxiety, depression, anger and anticipatory grief. These challenges can bring up existential questions regarding the meaning of life and personal faith. My experience as a therapist havs inspired my counseling style as one where there is space for client’s to process these important questions without judgment.
Individuals suffering from cancer and chronic illnesses are often overwhelmed with numerous challenges, including family system dynamics, and the tumult of intense and fluctuating emotions of fear, anxiety, depression, anger and anticipatory grief. These challenges can bring up existential questions regarding the meaning of life and personal faith. My experience as a therapist havs inspired my counseling style as one where there is space for client’s to process these important questions without judgment.
(540) 274-0289 View (540) 274-0289
Photo of Lindsay Nolan, Psychologist in Fredericksburg, VA
Lindsay Nolan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22407
My name is Dr. Lindsay Nolan and I am a clinical psychologist. Primarily, I work with individuals on managing anxiety and depression. I use a combination of cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal techniques, as well as humor, in order to help individuals improve their faith in themselves and their own abilities.
My name is Dr. Lindsay Nolan and I am a clinical psychologist. Primarily, I work with individuals on managing anxiety and depression. I use a combination of cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal techniques, as well as humor, in order to help individuals improve their faith in themselves and their own abilities.
(540) 502-3196 View (540) 502-3196
Photo of Conscious Healing, Inc. , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Conscious Healing, Inc.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22405
Conscious Healing is a premier substance abuse treatment facility that helps individuals flourish using both traditional therapeutic treatment modalities and unique integrative modalities. We are licensed to provide IOP services through the state of Virginia and our IOP program is accredited through JCAHO. We are an approved provider through VASAP.
Conscious Healing is a premier substance abuse treatment facility that helps individuals flourish using both traditional therapeutic treatment modalities and unique integrative modalities. We are licensed to provide IOP services through the state of Virginia and our IOP program is accredited through JCAHO. We are an approved provider through VASAP.
(540) 306-4672 View (540) 306-4672
Photo of Noriko Miyahira Easley, Resident in Counseling in Fredericksburg, VA
Noriko Miyahira Easley
Resident in Counseling, MA, NCC, QMHP-C
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22407
Waitlist for new clients
I am dedicated to assist individuals in becoming the best versions of themselves. With a particular focus on children and adolescents, my clinical expertise lies in addressing various emotional and behavioral challenges, including Trauma, ADHD, Depression, Anxiety, and more. I firmly believe that each person deserves a customized approach that fosters their healing journey, recognizing that we all possess unique needs and strengths. My approach is characterized by unconditional positive regards, trauma-informed care, creating a safe space for exploration and growth. 日本語によるセラピー可能
I am dedicated to assist individuals in becoming the best versions of themselves. With a particular focus on children and adolescents, my clinical expertise lies in addressing various emotional and behavioral challenges, including Trauma, ADHD, Depression, Anxiety, and more. I firmly believe that each person deserves a customized approach that fosters their healing journey, recognizing that we all possess unique needs and strengths. My approach is characterized by unconditional positive regards, trauma-informed care, creating a safe space for exploration and growth. 日本語によるセラピー可能
(540) 799-7154 View (540) 799-7154
Photo of Gabriele Neumaier-Farnsworth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Gabriele Neumaier-Farnsworth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22405  (Online Only)
Gabriele Farnsworth is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of Virginia. Her office is located in Fredericksburg, not far from Mary Washington University. She provides psychotherapy for individuals, couples, and families.
Gabriele Farnsworth is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of Virginia. Her office is located in Fredericksburg, not far from Mary Washington University. She provides psychotherapy for individuals, couples, and families.
(540) 226-5586 View (540) 226-5586
Photo of Flourishing Hearts Counseling & Hypnotherapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Flourishing Hearts Counseling & Hypnotherapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22407  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Stuck? Sad? Worried? Stressed? Do you find yourself dealing with situations, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that you believe you have no control over or find to be completely overwhelming? Are you having trouble putting your past experiences behind you? Are you fearful of the future and of moving forward? Or maybe you want to try new things, but fear gets in the way of taking that first step? Perhaps you're stressed and trying to find balance? It’s okay; as women, we have all been there. We get it. But, you don’t have to deal with this alone. A skilled, trusted, & compassionate therapist can help you navigate these life issues.
Stuck? Sad? Worried? Stressed? Do you find yourself dealing with situations, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that you believe you have no control over or find to be completely overwhelming? Are you having trouble putting your past experiences behind you? Are you fearful of the future and of moving forward? Or maybe you want to try new things, but fear gets in the way of taking that first step? Perhaps you're stressed and trying to find balance? It’s okay; as women, we have all been there. We get it. But, you don’t have to deal with this alone. A skilled, trusted, & compassionate therapist can help you navigate these life issues.
(540) 516-3448 View (540) 516-3448
Photo of Brittani Sanders, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Brittani Sanders
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22408  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hi! I am Brittani Sanders and I’m so excited you’ve decided to stop by! First and foremost, I want to applaud you for taking the first step toward your healing and restoration. It is God’s desire of us to be whole and live in the fullness of who we are created to be. Whether you are in an unhealthy behavioral cycle, random obstacles, or other various stressors, we can end up ready to throw in the proverbial towel on life. My passion is the mental and spiritual health of God's people. I firmly believe that our spiritual health is directly impacted by our emotional health and the way we lead and live our lives.
Hi! I am Brittani Sanders and I’m so excited you’ve decided to stop by! First and foremost, I want to applaud you for taking the first step toward your healing and restoration. It is God’s desire of us to be whole and live in the fullness of who we are created to be. Whether you are in an unhealthy behavioral cycle, random obstacles, or other various stressors, we can end up ready to throw in the proverbial towel on life. My passion is the mental and spiritual health of God's people. I firmly believe that our spiritual health is directly impacted by our emotional health and the way we lead and live our lives.
(540) 253-1698 View (540) 253-1698
Photo of Renee Martin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Renee Martin, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
Renee Martin, LCSW is a licensed clinical social worker/therapist that specializes in individual, family, and couple therapy. She works with clients to build coping strategies, to identify dysfunctional patterns in relationships within one's self and others, to build healthy relationships and to improve self esteem and confidence. Renee also helps clients manage mood disorders, anxiety, and stress.
Renee Martin, LCSW is a licensed clinical social worker/therapist that specializes in individual, family, and couple therapy. She works with clients to build coping strategies, to identify dysfunctional patterns in relationships within one's self and others, to build healthy relationships and to improve self esteem and confidence. Renee also helps clients manage mood disorders, anxiety, and stress.
(540) 605-9838 View (540) 605-9838
Photo of Yvonne-da Copeland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Yvonne-da Copeland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22407
Hello! I have been a licensed clinical social worker and psychotherapist for 15 years. I specialize in working with issues like anger management, anxiety, depression, coping skills, and stress. I’ve worked with the general population, as well as specific groups such as veterans and those with severe mental illnesses. I use evidence-based techniques and incorporate Christian Counseling, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative, Motivational Interviewing, Psychodynamic, and more. Whether you’re grappling with the consequences of the pandemic, ever-present psychosocial stressors, or unresolved issues of the past, therapy can help.
Hello! I have been a licensed clinical social worker and psychotherapist for 15 years. I specialize in working with issues like anger management, anxiety, depression, coping skills, and stress. I’ve worked with the general population, as well as specific groups such as veterans and those with severe mental illnesses. I use evidence-based techniques and incorporate Christian Counseling, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative, Motivational Interviewing, Psychodynamic, and more. Whether you’re grappling with the consequences of the pandemic, ever-present psychosocial stressors, or unresolved issues of the past, therapy can help.
(571) 497-5661 View (571) 497-5661
Photo of Kaitlin Witmer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Kaitlin Witmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22402
I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who are experiencing mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and/or behavioral deficits. I enjoy offering a safe place for individuals to explore their thoughts and feelings, and to provide support as people work towards their own therapeutic goals.
I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who are experiencing mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and/or behavioral deficits. I enjoy offering a safe place for individuals to explore their thoughts and feelings, and to provide support as people work towards their own therapeutic goals.
(540) 300-4921 View (540) 300-4921
Photo of Brian S Vaughan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Brian S Vaughan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAT, CSOTP
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Waitlist for new clients
Are you struggling with sexually problematic behavior? Do you think you may be addicted to pornography? Has your spouse betrayed trust by crossing emotional boundaries with someone else? There is hope. It is possible to recover from compulsive or addictive behaviors and to have marriage and family relationships restored. Many who have been negatively impacted by sexual compulsivity share feelings of anger, hurt, shame, and helplessness. I've successfully helped individuals, couples, and families heal from sex and porn addiction by providing a safe, non-judgmental, confidential setting to help learn tools to grow beyond the grip of destructive choices.
Are you struggling with sexually problematic behavior? Do you think you may be addicted to pornography? Has your spouse betrayed trust by crossing emotional boundaries with someone else? There is hope. It is possible to recover from compulsive or addictive behaviors and to have marriage and family relationships restored. Many who have been negatively impacted by sexual compulsivity share feelings of anger, hurt, shame, and helplessness. I've successfully helped individuals, couples, and families heal from sex and porn addiction by providing a safe, non-judgmental, confidential setting to help learn tools to grow beyond the grip of destructive choices.
(540) 390-1632 View (540) 390-1632
Photo of Taisha Mercogliano (Board Certified Clinical Supervisor), Marriage & Family Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Taisha Mercogliano (Board Certified Clinical Supervisor)
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22407  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are relationships difficult and you feel like you are unable to manage it on your own? Are you frustrated and tired of the same cycles of anxiety, depression, abuse, and conflict? If this is your life there is no time like the present to change this pattern. I am an attentive, direct therapist that is willing to provide you with the tools that you need to break the cycles that plague your life. I am equipped to work with and handle individuals with special cultural needs and my specific therapeutic approach is solution-focused therapy, however, I like to meet my client where they are and use what works best for them.
Are relationships difficult and you feel like you are unable to manage it on your own? Are you frustrated and tired of the same cycles of anxiety, depression, abuse, and conflict? If this is your life there is no time like the present to change this pattern. I am an attentive, direct therapist that is willing to provide you with the tools that you need to break the cycles that plague your life. I am equipped to work with and handle individuals with special cultural needs and my specific therapeutic approach is solution-focused therapy, however, I like to meet my client where they are and use what works best for them.
(540) 253-4055 View (540) 253-4055

See more therapy options for Fredericksburg

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA

200+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Self Esteem
74% Stress
73% Coping Skills
71% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% BlueCross and BlueShield
82% Anthem | Elevance
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fredericksburg?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.