Therapists in Erie, PA

Photo of Nicole Knight, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Nicole Knight
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16506  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
You may appear as if you “have it all together” on the outside but inside feel isolated. You may be noticing patterns in your relationships without understanding why this keeps happening to you. You may carry the weight of your experiences, relationship cycles influenced by previous generations, and the expectations of a society that wants us to be “normal”. You may be on your own for the first time wondering who you are apart from what you’ve learned. Perhaps you’re not sure where your life is heading. Looking inward to reveal our full potential can be a challenge when everyone else has told us who to be.
You may appear as if you “have it all together” on the outside but inside feel isolated. You may be noticing patterns in your relationships without understanding why this keeps happening to you. You may carry the weight of your experiences, relationship cycles influenced by previous generations, and the expectations of a society that wants us to be “normal”. You may be on your own for the first time wondering who you are apart from what you’ve learned. Perhaps you’re not sure where your life is heading. Looking inward to reveal our full potential can be a challenge when everyone else has told us who to be.
(814) 334-3244 View (814) 334-3244
Photo of Robin Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Robin Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16509
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, Pennsylvania. I work with individuals of all ages including children, adolescents and adults. My approach to therapy is prescriptive eclectic with extensive training in Anxiety, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Play Therapy. I specialize in treating a variety of issues related to stress, career/life balance issues, trauma, anxiety, grief and loss, depression, and adoption related issues. In addition, I have served for 8 years as Board Member for the Pennsylvania Association for Play Therapy.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, Pennsylvania. I work with individuals of all ages including children, adolescents and adults. My approach to therapy is prescriptive eclectic with extensive training in Anxiety, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Play Therapy. I specialize in treating a variety of issues related to stress, career/life balance issues, trauma, anxiety, grief and loss, depression, and adoption related issues. In addition, I have served for 8 years as Board Member for the Pennsylvania Association for Play Therapy.
(814) 707-4253 View (814) 707-4253
Photo of Ryan Robert Wood, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
Ryan Robert Wood
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICDC , ICADC, CADC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16508
Not accepting new clients
As a co-owner of Roots Counseling and Wellness, LLC, my mission is to provide clients with the necessary skills and support on their pathway to wellness. Whether you are struggling with a substance use disorder, gambling addiction, anxiety, trauma, or other life stressors, navigating the recovery process can be overwhelming and scary. My goal is to help clients develop the skills to improve their lives in a safe, supportive, and client-centered environment.
As a co-owner of Roots Counseling and Wellness, LLC, my mission is to provide clients with the necessary skills and support on their pathway to wellness. Whether you are struggling with a substance use disorder, gambling addiction, anxiety, trauma, or other life stressors, navigating the recovery process can be overwhelming and scary. My goal is to help clients develop the skills to improve their lives in a safe, supportive, and client-centered environment.
(814) 250-3121 View (814) 250-3121
Photo of Casey Hubbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
Casey Hubbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16506
Waitlist for new clients
Are you a new parent struggling to cope with what feels like never-ending worry or sadness? Maybe everyone around you has made it seem like pregnancy and life with a newborn should be joyous and yet you feel so stuck, so worried, and possibly even struggle to get out of bed. Or, maybe you’ve been a parent for a while and things just don’t seem to be getting any better. How could anyone understand the overwhelming and scary thoughts in your head? And what if everyone thinks you’re crazy? If you’re here reading this today, maybe you’re at the point where you feel desperate to be understood in this part of your life.
Are you a new parent struggling to cope with what feels like never-ending worry or sadness? Maybe everyone around you has made it seem like pregnancy and life with a newborn should be joyous and yet you feel so stuck, so worried, and possibly even struggle to get out of bed. Or, maybe you’ve been a parent for a while and things just don’t seem to be getting any better. How could anyone understand the overwhelming and scary thoughts in your head? And what if everyone thinks you’re crazy? If you’re here reading this today, maybe you’re at the point where you feel desperate to be understood in this part of your life.
(814) 648-6479 View (814) 648-6479
Photo of Life Balance Counseling and Wellness, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Life Balance Counseling and Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CDBT, CCATP
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16505
You want more balance, more joy, and better relationships in your life but you’re not sure where to begin. This can be a challenging time filled with doubt and uncertainty, but it can also be an opportunity to change the way you handle life's challenges and to improve the relationships that matter most to you. We're here to help you take the first steps toward wellness and to help you feel less burdened by the things that feel so heavy. You don’t have to feel stuck and alone. Please see our clinicians and their specialties in the photos of this profile.
You want more balance, more joy, and better relationships in your life but you’re not sure where to begin. This can be a challenging time filled with doubt and uncertainty, but it can also be an opportunity to change the way you handle life's challenges and to improve the relationships that matter most to you. We're here to help you take the first steps toward wellness and to help you feel less burdened by the things that feel so heavy. You don’t have to feel stuck and alone. Please see our clinicians and their specialties in the photos of this profile.
(814) 546-5666 View (814) 546-5666
Photo of Cognitive Behavior Institute, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
Cognitive Behavior Institute
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16509
Welcome to Cognitive Behavior Institute! We are committed to providing the best care possible through established treatment methods. These treatment methods are proven to be effective for a wide range of mental health diagnoses and psychological distresses. Cognitive Behavior Institute (CBI) is proud to employ adept licensed clinicians, board-certified psychiatrists, and compassionate administrative staff with diverse experience in their respective fields.
Welcome to Cognitive Behavior Institute! We are committed to providing the best care possible through established treatment methods. These treatment methods are proven to be effective for a wide range of mental health diagnoses and psychological distresses. Cognitive Behavior Institute (CBI) is proud to employ adept licensed clinicians, board-certified psychiatrists, and compassionate administrative staff with diverse experience in their respective fields.
(814) 666-2920 View (814) 666-2920
Photo of April Damond, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
April Damond
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16504
April Damond was a former trauma nurse for four years with experience in physical and mental well being. She has been a therapist for three years. Areas of interests include anxiety, depression, martial issues, grief and bereavement, and trauma. April is genuine, supportive, and empathic and laid back. April believes in being on equal grounds with all clients. April will be a coach, cheerleader, and teammate to help clients potentially achieve their goals.
April Damond was a former trauma nurse for four years with experience in physical and mental well being. She has been a therapist for three years. Areas of interests include anxiety, depression, martial issues, grief and bereavement, and trauma. April is genuine, supportive, and empathic and laid back. April believes in being on equal grounds with all clients. April will be a coach, cheerleader, and teammate to help clients potentially achieve their goals.
(814) 551-1094 View (814) 551-1094
Photo of Mary Dwyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
Mary Dwyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16506
Not accepting new clients
Adults (young and old) who are willing to address the issues that are holding them back from being truly happy, joyous and free! If not now, when? Offering a safe and non judgmental space for exploring grief and loss, anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. Also offering a team approach with Wellness Coach, Selina Uglow, LPN, CPT to address barriers to developing and maintaining personal health goals. Office hours are Monday/Wednesday/Friday (daytime only). Call to schedule at 814-833-4853
Adults (young and old) who are willing to address the issues that are holding them back from being truly happy, joyous and free! If not now, when? Offering a safe and non judgmental space for exploring grief and loss, anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. Also offering a team approach with Wellness Coach, Selina Uglow, LPN, CPT to address barriers to developing and maintaining personal health goals. Office hours are Monday/Wednesday/Friday (daytime only). Call to schedule at 814-833-4853
(814) 256-4005 View (814) 256-4005
Photo of Mary Wilcox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
Mary Wilcox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16506
Not accepting new clients
Your health has changed and it feels like everything has changed with it. When people ask you how you are feeling, you smile and tell them, “I’m alright,” so they stop asking, or “I’m just grateful to be OK,” because you want to sound strong. Behind the mask you maintain, you feel lonely, defeated, and maybe even a little afraid. You keep trying to do what you used to be able to do, or find yourself sitting on the sidelines. You don’t want to accept that your body has limits, that chronic pain or conditions aren’t going to go away, that a diagnosis might progress and get worse. You try. You fight. You smile through the unknown.
Your health has changed and it feels like everything has changed with it. When people ask you how you are feeling, you smile and tell them, “I’m alright,” so they stop asking, or “I’m just grateful to be OK,” because you want to sound strong. Behind the mask you maintain, you feel lonely, defeated, and maybe even a little afraid. You keep trying to do what you used to be able to do, or find yourself sitting on the sidelines. You don’t want to accept that your body has limits, that chronic pain or conditions aren’t going to go away, that a diagnosis might progress and get worse. You try. You fight. You smile through the unknown.
(814) 424-9192 View (814) 424-9192
Photo of Caitlin Lovey, Counselor in Erie, PA
Caitlin Lovey
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16510  (Online Only)
Do you every feel overwhelmed, sad, anxious, or have low self-esteem? Does it affect the relationships around you? I help teens and adults work on strengthening relationships, emotional regulation as well as enhancing social/coping skills. We will work together through this journey of overcoming barriers and empowering yourself in making positive changes. We will use a humanistic approach to therapy that focuses on you as a person and how we can maximize your potential. Together we can build a good therapeutic relationship, identify barriers, and learn new skills/develop a treatment journey that works best for you.
Do you every feel overwhelmed, sad, anxious, or have low self-esteem? Does it affect the relationships around you? I help teens and adults work on strengthening relationships, emotional regulation as well as enhancing social/coping skills. We will work together through this journey of overcoming barriers and empowering yourself in making positive changes. We will use a humanistic approach to therapy that focuses on you as a person and how we can maximize your potential. Together we can build a good therapeutic relationship, identify barriers, and learn new skills/develop a treatment journey that works best for you.
(814) 637-3758 View (814) 637-3758
Photo of Hillary Schultze Sabol, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Hillary Schultze Sabol
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16501  (Online Only)
Hi, I am a licensed professional counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. I have over 10 years of experience in the counseling profession. In our first session, we will start the joining process. We will develop a treatment plan together. I have worked with a variety of different age groups and I have professional experience with many different forms of therapy.
Hi, I am a licensed professional counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. I have over 10 years of experience in the counseling profession. In our first session, we will start the joining process. We will develop a treatment plan together. I have worked with a variety of different age groups and I have professional experience with many different forms of therapy.
(814) 885-4954 View (814) 885-4954
Photo of Shana Bennett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
Shana Bennett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16506
Welcoming new clients, I provide mental health therapy, specializing in working with children and teens, along with their family members, as well as couples, young adults and adults. Areas of specialty include those struggling with adjustment issues, anxiety disorders, OCD, eating disorders, depression, mood disorders, grief and loss, anger, self & body image issues, sexual identity issues, relationship issues, cutting/self harm, peer concerns and women's issues, just to name a few. I believe that the only way to get past our problems is to go through them, and I empower others to partake on this difficult, yet rewarding journey!
Welcoming new clients, I provide mental health therapy, specializing in working with children and teens, along with their family members, as well as couples, young adults and adults. Areas of specialty include those struggling with adjustment issues, anxiety disorders, OCD, eating disorders, depression, mood disorders, grief and loss, anger, self & body image issues, sexual identity issues, relationship issues, cutting/self harm, peer concerns and women's issues, just to name a few. I believe that the only way to get past our problems is to go through them, and I empower others to partake on this difficult, yet rewarding journey!
(814) 596-4826 View (814) 596-4826
Photo of Bernadette J Valentinetti, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Bernadette J Valentinetti
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CAADC, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16506  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients for Daytime Virtual Appointments only!. Most of us can identify what we would like to see change in our lives. We often get stuck on how to make the change happen and then become frustrated with continuing to do the same things over and over again. We are all working to do the best we can and sometimes we all need help. I feel counseling is more than just talking about feelings. I believe it is an opportunity to make a lasting change in your life. I utilize several types of evidence based practices including EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing.
Accepting New Clients for Daytime Virtual Appointments only!. Most of us can identify what we would like to see change in our lives. We often get stuck on how to make the change happen and then become frustrated with continuing to do the same things over and over again. We are all working to do the best we can and sometimes we all need help. I feel counseling is more than just talking about feelings. I believe it is an opportunity to make a lasting change in your life. I utilize several types of evidence based practices including EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing.
(814) 616-3164 View (814) 616-3164
Photo of Chelsey Pfeffer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
Chelsey Pfeffer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16508
Accepting New Clients/ Evening Appointments Available Life can be stressful, overwhelming, and confusing. Whether you are experiencing depression, anxiety, or have difficulty dealing with past experiences. It can be hard to know which direction to take. I am passionate about working together and supporting you as you work towards your goals. I believe that therapy is a place where you can learn more about yourself while also having fun and laughing in the process.
Accepting New Clients/ Evening Appointments Available Life can be stressful, overwhelming, and confusing. Whether you are experiencing depression, anxiety, or have difficulty dealing with past experiences. It can be hard to know which direction to take. I am passionate about working together and supporting you as you work towards your goals. I believe that therapy is a place where you can learn more about yourself while also having fun and laughing in the process.
(814) 662-9431 View (814) 662-9431
Photo of Courtney Brooke Hopkins, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Courtney Brooke Hopkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LLC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16508
I am a LPC with 10+ years of experience and am the owner of my LLC, Therapy For A Better You. I hold a certification for CBIT to help patients with Tics/Tourette’s Disorders and experienced with TF-CBT. I specialize in ODD, ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Mood Disorders, Trauma, PTSD, Adjustment Disorders, dual diagnoses and behavior modification. I also have experience working with families and their children facing family stressors, such as divorce, co-parenting, financial stressors and discord. I have worked with children, preteens, teenagers and adults.
I am a LPC with 10+ years of experience and am the owner of my LLC, Therapy For A Better You. I hold a certification for CBIT to help patients with Tics/Tourette’s Disorders and experienced with TF-CBT. I specialize in ODD, ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Mood Disorders, Trauma, PTSD, Adjustment Disorders, dual diagnoses and behavior modification. I also have experience working with families and their children facing family stressors, such as divorce, co-parenting, financial stressors and discord. I have worked with children, preteens, teenagers and adults.
(814) 247-2870 View (814) 247-2870
Photo of Melissa Slomski Long, PhD, Psychologist in Erie, PA
Melissa Slomski Long, PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16506
I provide therapy to adolescents and adults. I have been a licensed psychologist since September 2013. I have been working in the field of psychology for more than 20 years.
I provide therapy to adolescents and adults. I have been a licensed psychologist since September 2013. I have been working in the field of psychology for more than 20 years.
(814) 713-0267 x104 View (814) 713-0267 x104
Jen Stahon- Tarot Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MFA, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16511  (Online Only)
Hi! As with all of us, I have made many life changes since March 2020. I am pleased to start another professional endeavor, and adjust my therapy practice. I will now be exclusively offering tarot centered therapy sessions. If you are a fellow tarot lover, tarot curious, or simply looking for a new perspective on an old issue, tarot therapy might be for you! I am a licensed trauma trained therapist who has had 15 years of experience as a therapist and 20+ years reading tarot cards.
Hi! As with all of us, I have made many life changes since March 2020. I am pleased to start another professional endeavor, and adjust my therapy practice. I will now be exclusively offering tarot centered therapy sessions. If you are a fellow tarot lover, tarot curious, or simply looking for a new perspective on an old issue, tarot therapy might be for you! I am a licensed trauma trained therapist who has had 15 years of experience as a therapist and 20+ years reading tarot cards.
(814) 636-0295 View (814) 636-0295
Photo of Adam R Miller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Erie, PA
Adam R Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16505
Each of us struggles with life's challenges and sometimes we need another perspective. Calling and asking for support can start the process of getting back on track. I have helped individuals, couples and families for 20 years to improve their relationships and overall well being. For those struggling with anxiety, depression and significant adjustments, or disruptions, conflict or loss in relationships, I will provide a respectful, safe and comfortable space in which to quickly identify barriers to success and begin practicing those things that maximize your happiness.
Each of us struggles with life's challenges and sometimes we need another perspective. Calling and asking for support can start the process of getting back on track. I have helped individuals, couples and families for 20 years to improve their relationships and overall well being. For those struggling with anxiety, depression and significant adjustments, or disruptions, conflict or loss in relationships, I will provide a respectful, safe and comfortable space in which to quickly identify barriers to success and begin practicing those things that maximize your happiness.
(814) 315-3741 View (814) 315-3741
Photo of Jessica Rice, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Jessica Rice
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16504
Accepting New Clients! If you're struggling with situational stressors or old wounds that you've kept buried, therapy may be the beginning of the healing process for you. Reaching out for help can be very overwhelming at times. Therapy is about identifying strengths, changing behaviors that aren't working for us, and striving for happiness and fulfillment. It's about learning how to help yourself.
Accepting New Clients! If you're struggling with situational stressors or old wounds that you've kept buried, therapy may be the beginning of the healing process for you. Reaching out for help can be very overwhelming at times. Therapy is about identifying strengths, changing behaviors that aren't working for us, and striving for happiness and fulfillment. It's about learning how to help yourself.
(814) 292-1476 View (814) 292-1476
Photo of Jessica Borrero Macrino, Licensed Professional Counselor in Erie, PA
Jessica Borrero Macrino
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16506
Open days, some evenings & Saturday mornings. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with experience helping clients learn to navigate through stress, depression, anxiety, sports performance/anxiety, LGBTQI+ specific concerns, transitions, low self-esteem and relationships. My experience has allowed me to work with a wide demographic of diverse and unique individuals of different ages and different backgrounds. I specialize in helping with struggles related to anxiety and depression using Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy & with an emphasis on overall health and wellness, although I tailor my approach to each unique individual.
Open days, some evenings & Saturday mornings. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with experience helping clients learn to navigate through stress, depression, anxiety, sports performance/anxiety, LGBTQI+ specific concerns, transitions, low self-esteem and relationships. My experience has allowed me to work with a wide demographic of diverse and unique individuals of different ages and different backgrounds. I specialize in helping with struggles related to anxiety and depression using Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy & with an emphasis on overall health and wellness, although I tailor my approach to each unique individual.
(814) 261-0403 View (814) 261-0403

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Erie, PA

200+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Erie, PA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Self Esteem
72% Coping Skills
71% Trauma and PTSD
64% Relationship Issues
58% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Optum
88% Highmark
83% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Erie, PA see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Erie?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.