Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

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Photo of Antoinette Donofrio, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Antoinette Donofrio
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Have you been wanting to address difficult feelings or make needed changes? Struggling to identify barriers or cope with anxiety, depression, or other distressing transitions keeping you from your best life? I offer an open and nonjudgmental space to explore what has been and co-create what could be through self-awareness. I utilize a variety of therapeutic and creative methods to help untangle life’s branches and uncover the root of your suffering. As a current masters-level clinician and doctoral candidate, I am a compassionate thought partner helping to carve a trail towards liberation, healing, and wholeness.
Have you been wanting to address difficult feelings or make needed changes? Struggling to identify barriers or cope with anxiety, depression, or other distressing transitions keeping you from your best life? I offer an open and nonjudgmental space to explore what has been and co-create what could be through self-awareness. I utilize a variety of therapeutic and creative methods to help untangle life’s branches and uncover the root of your suffering. As a current masters-level clinician and doctoral candidate, I am a compassionate thought partner helping to carve a trail towards liberation, healing, and wholeness.
(412) 275-5240 View (412) 275-5240
Photo of Maizee Devlin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Maizee Devlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, PDP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
With empathy, humor, and kindness in session, I seek to help my clients feel empowered, clear-headed, and calm. I believe individuals have the power with in themselves to make positive, lasting changes in their lives. I utilize CBT, DBT, ACT and motivational interviewing to foster this belief and help clients not only realize, but acknowledge their own role in changing their thoughts and behaviors!
With empathy, humor, and kindness in session, I seek to help my clients feel empowered, clear-headed, and calm. I believe individuals have the power with in themselves to make positive, lasting changes in their lives. I utilize CBT, DBT, ACT and motivational interviewing to foster this belief and help clients not only realize, but acknowledge their own role in changing their thoughts and behaviors!
(412) 459-7569 View (412) 459-7569
Photo of Bridget Bauer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Bridget Bauer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW, CAAP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
I believe that one of the bravest things that you can do is to understand your own story. You are the expert on yourself, and I would like to work collaboratively with you to understand and identify connections within your story. My therapeutic orientation is client-centered, strength-based, holistic, and eclectic. I tailor my approach to you and your wants and/or needs. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is the foundation of growth and healing. I strive to develop an open, safe, and trusting therapeutic relationship with you.
I believe that one of the bravest things that you can do is to understand your own story. You are the expert on yourself, and I would like to work collaboratively with you to understand and identify connections within your story. My therapeutic orientation is client-centered, strength-based, holistic, and eclectic. I tailor my approach to you and your wants and/or needs. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is the foundation of growth and healing. I strive to develop an open, safe, and trusting therapeutic relationship with you.
(412) 912-2961 View (412) 912-2961
Photo of Kelly Rothrock, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Kelly Rothrock
Pre-Licensed Professional, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15221
Grounded in compassion and Christian faith, my passion lies in supporting women and children on their unique journeys towards mental well-being. With a person-centered approach, I strive to create a safe, empathetic space where individuals can explore their thoughts and emotions freely. By fostering a non-judgmental environment, I aim to empower my clients to navigate life's challenges, promoting self-discovery and resilience. My commitment to fostering positive relationships and tailoring interventions to each person's needs reflects my belief in the transformative power of therapeutic connection.
Grounded in compassion and Christian faith, my passion lies in supporting women and children on their unique journeys towards mental well-being. With a person-centered approach, I strive to create a safe, empathetic space where individuals can explore their thoughts and emotions freely. By fostering a non-judgmental environment, I aim to empower my clients to navigate life's challenges, promoting self-discovery and resilience. My commitment to fostering positive relationships and tailoring interventions to each person's needs reflects my belief in the transformative power of therapeutic connection.
(412) 453-8454 View (412) 453-8454
Photo of Kierra Price, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Kierra Price
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15226
Struggling with mental health and life transitions are extremely difficult. The hardest part about facing these challenges is asking for help and being open to accepting that help. But look.. you've made it here. You are looking to overcome the most difficult hurdle to addressing the issues you've identified in your life. If you struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, relationships, identity, grief, eating disordered behaviors, and more, I'm here to support you on your journey of healing. I am interested in clients who bring their unique and authentic perspectives to the counseling space and helping them construct their stories.
Struggling with mental health and life transitions are extremely difficult. The hardest part about facing these challenges is asking for help and being open to accepting that help. But look.. you've made it here. You are looking to overcome the most difficult hurdle to addressing the issues you've identified in your life. If you struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, relationships, identity, grief, eating disordered behaviors, and more, I'm here to support you on your journey of healing. I am interested in clients who bring their unique and authentic perspectives to the counseling space and helping them construct their stories.
(412) 998-7399 View (412) 998-7399
Gerrian Miller Bobrowsky
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15228  (Online Only)
I offer an interpersonal/psychodynamic approach to working with individuals with anxiety, depression, personality, life and relationship issues.Treatment is personalized to meet each patient's needs. I have been practicing for over 25 years and offer individual, couple, family, psychoanalysis ,and psychodynamic therapy. i also supervise psychiatric residents at Western Psychiatric Institute, teach at the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Center,worked in the Family Division of the Courts, and spent 15 years as a professional member of the State Board of Psychology. I will be glad to speak with you regarding your personal issues and answer questions.
I offer an interpersonal/psychodynamic approach to working with individuals with anxiety, depression, personality, life and relationship issues.Treatment is personalized to meet each patient's needs. I have been practicing for over 25 years and offer individual, couple, family, psychoanalysis ,and psychodynamic therapy. i also supervise psychiatric residents at Western Psychiatric Institute, teach at the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Center,worked in the Family Division of the Courts, and spent 15 years as a professional member of the State Board of Psychology. I will be glad to speak with you regarding your personal issues and answer questions.
(412) 246-8904 View (412) 246-8904
Photo of Compassionate Counseling LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Compassionate Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15226
At Compassionate Counseling, we believe in you becoming the person you were meant to be. Depression, anxiety, past trauma, or life issues no longer need to hold you back from your dreams and aspirations. Our goal is to provide quality services to clients in need, and to overcome obstacles such as: •Financial Hardship •Transportation •Resistance to Therapy •Childcare Issues We are also sensitive to those who prefer a holistic approach to their care. See the photo section below for a listing of our individual counselors and their specialties.
At Compassionate Counseling, we believe in you becoming the person you were meant to be. Depression, anxiety, past trauma, or life issues no longer need to hold you back from your dreams and aspirations. Our goal is to provide quality services to clients in need, and to overcome obstacles such as: •Financial Hardship •Transportation •Resistance to Therapy •Childcare Issues We are also sensitive to those who prefer a holistic approach to their care. See the photo section below for a listing of our individual counselors and their specialties.
(878) 205-2102 View (878) 205-2102
Photo of Joseph S Auria, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Joseph S Auria
Psychologist, MA, MBA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
I am a seasoned psychologist with significant experience counseling clients on career, addictions and family issues, in addition to depression, anxiety and general mental health problems. You can deal with issues of personal happiness and personal growth. We can create a dialogue about present situations and future plans.
I am a seasoned psychologist with significant experience counseling clients on career, addictions and family issues, in addition to depression, anxiety and general mental health problems. You can deal with issues of personal happiness and personal growth. We can create a dialogue about present situations and future plans.
(412) 228-0069 View (412) 228-0069
Photo of North Hills Psychological Services, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
North Hills Psychological Services
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
Both teletherapy and in-office appointments are available. We are in-network providers for both Highmark and UPMC (excluding UPMC for You). In addition to regular office hours, evening and weekend appointments are usually available. Our practice is staffed by 6 experienced, licensed PhD and Master's level psychologists and therapists. Call 412 367-1481, ext 1. Or, email us for general information. We are located less than 10 min. away from 279, so we are accessible to individuals living in the city. Our web site is http://www.nhpsych.com . We are also providers for out of state BC/BS. Some providers accept Optum, UBH and Aetna.
Both teletherapy and in-office appointments are available. We are in-network providers for both Highmark and UPMC (excluding UPMC for You). In addition to regular office hours, evening and weekend appointments are usually available. Our practice is staffed by 6 experienced, licensed PhD and Master's level psychologists and therapists. Call 412 367-1481, ext 1. Or, email us for general information. We are located less than 10 min. away from 279, so we are accessible to individuals living in the city. Our web site is http://www.nhpsych.com . We are also providers for out of state BC/BS. Some providers accept Optum, UBH and Aetna.
(412) 328-2799 x1 View (412) 328-2799 x1
Photo of Nancy Fair in Pittsburgh, PA
Nancy Fair
PhD
Not Verified Not Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
I have been working as a therapist in the trauma field for more than 28 years and believe it is the most rewarding work a therapist can do. My approach to this work comes from an existential/phenomenological perspective, and is informed by feminist and attachment theories. My philosophy is best expressed by the question, "What happened to you?" rather than "What's wrong with you?" My therapeutic stance is one of compassionate interest, and my personal style is to be direct without being abrasive. I am happy to discuss my approach by phone, at no charge, to interested individuals.
I have been working as a therapist in the trauma field for more than 28 years and believe it is the most rewarding work a therapist can do. My approach to this work comes from an existential/phenomenological perspective, and is informed by feminist and attachment theories. My philosophy is best expressed by the question, "What happened to you?" rather than "What's wrong with you?" My therapeutic stance is one of compassionate interest, and my personal style is to be direct without being abrasive. I am happy to discuss my approach by phone, at no charge, to interested individuals.
(412) 203-4352 View (412) 203-4352
Photo of Melissa Morris, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Melissa Morris
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15220
When you find yourself or your family in a time of crisis or high-conflict, extra support and understanding from a therapist can be a great place to start. Your attachment style and/or trauma can have a major impact on the relationships you have with yourself, your family, your friends, and your children. Trauma can have long-reaching effects that can be hard to recognize. It can be difficult to know where to start. When you can understand the “why,” of your thoughts and feelings, it can become the starting point for the change you want to see in your life.
When you find yourself or your family in a time of crisis or high-conflict, extra support and understanding from a therapist can be a great place to start. Your attachment style and/or trauma can have a major impact on the relationships you have with yourself, your family, your friends, and your children. Trauma can have long-reaching effects that can be hard to recognize. It can be difficult to know where to start. When you can understand the “why,” of your thoughts and feelings, it can become the starting point for the change you want to see in your life.
(412) 981-2888 View (412) 981-2888
Photo of Amanda Malcolm, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Amanda Malcolm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
My ideal client wants something better, has no idea what "better" is or looks like, and has no idea where to start. They are still determining if they are ready to start or commit to that change. What they need is a person and a space to figure it out. Deep down, they know where they are right now can be better, whether in relationships, emotions, daily habits, major life goals, or anything in-between. But, most importantly, they want a space where they can process and grow from that place and build a sustainable life.
My ideal client wants something better, has no idea what "better" is or looks like, and has no idea where to start. They are still determining if they are ready to start or commit to that change. What they need is a person and a space to figure it out. Deep down, they know where they are right now can be better, whether in relationships, emotions, daily habits, major life goals, or anything in-between. But, most importantly, they want a space where they can process and grow from that place and build a sustainable life.
(412) 838-3599 View (412) 838-3599
Photo of Jenny Spitzer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Jenny Spitzer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
What is keeping you from having the life you want? Let’s figure this out together and get you feeling better quickly.
What is keeping you from having the life you want? Let’s figure this out together and get you feeling better quickly.
(570) 676-1662 View (570) 676-1662
Photo of Catherine Ferguson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Catherine Ferguson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCPC, CCTP-1
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15234
Not accepting new clients
I believe therapy is most effective when the clinician presents themselves as the client does-a person with a unique past and personality. When you take out a therapist’s humanity and lived experience, there is no true therapeutic connection and trust from the client. That’s why I strive to be both a person and therapist through my conversational, authentic, and collaborative style. I am experienced in serving those with chronic mental health issues including anxiety, depression, PTSD, borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorders, psychosomatic symptoms, and somatic disorders.
I believe therapy is most effective when the clinician presents themselves as the client does-a person with a unique past and personality. When you take out a therapist’s humanity and lived experience, there is no true therapeutic connection and trust from the client. That’s why I strive to be both a person and therapist through my conversational, authentic, and collaborative style. I am experienced in serving those with chronic mental health issues including anxiety, depression, PTSD, borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorders, psychosomatic symptoms, and somatic disorders.
(412) 547-5786 View (412) 547-5786
Photo of Dr. Shelly W Hanlon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Dr. Shelly W Hanlon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Hi, I'm Dr Shelly Hanlon. I'm a licensed and board certified clinician with over 30 years of experience. My approach to practicing psychotherapy is to first work collaboratively with you, on identifying and harnessing your innate strengths, and talents. Then together, we will work in a safe and comfortable setting to develop strategies and "life hacks," that will ensure therapeutic change and personal growth. By analyzing existing patterns, within the context of one's own life experience, we will develop a behavioral approach that will result in a greater sense of empowerment and the opportunity for life long success.
Hi, I'm Dr Shelly Hanlon. I'm a licensed and board certified clinician with over 30 years of experience. My approach to practicing psychotherapy is to first work collaboratively with you, on identifying and harnessing your innate strengths, and talents. Then together, we will work in a safe and comfortable setting to develop strategies and "life hacks," that will ensure therapeutic change and personal growth. By analyzing existing patterns, within the context of one's own life experience, we will develop a behavioral approach that will result in a greater sense of empowerment and the opportunity for life long success.
(878) 444-2969 View (878) 444-2969
Photo of Haley Faragher, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Haley Faragher
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206  (Online Only)
You may have come across my bio as you are considering therapy. It can feel scary and out of our comfort zones to ask for help, but I commend you for doing so. I strive to make therapy a safe space where you feel supported to learn about yourself and grow/heal in any way you find necessary. I like to approach the counseling relationship from a warm, empathetic, non-judgmental, and understanding viewpoint. I understand that trauma impacts us all differently, thus I strive to keep things relaxed and I am mindful to operate through a trauma-informed lens as we all come from different walks of life with various life experiences.
You may have come across my bio as you are considering therapy. It can feel scary and out of our comfort zones to ask for help, but I commend you for doing so. I strive to make therapy a safe space where you feel supported to learn about yourself and grow/heal in any way you find necessary. I like to approach the counseling relationship from a warm, empathetic, non-judgmental, and understanding viewpoint. I understand that trauma impacts us all differently, thus I strive to keep things relaxed and I am mindful to operate through a trauma-informed lens as we all come from different walks of life with various life experiences.
(412) 819-1797 View (412) 819-1797
Photo of Alison Grabell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Alison Grabell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Are you feeling the weight of stress, depression, or anxiety? I'm here to help. I understand that you may be seeking support to cope with the daily struggles of life. You're looking for someone who can provide guidance and practical solutions, someone who truly comprehends the challenges you face. Your goal is clear - to lead a happier, more fulfilling life. Let's work together to make that a reality.
Are you feeling the weight of stress, depression, or anxiety? I'm here to help. I understand that you may be seeking support to cope with the daily struggles of life. You're looking for someone who can provide guidance and practical solutions, someone who truly comprehends the challenges you face. Your goal is clear - to lead a happier, more fulfilling life. Let's work together to make that a reality.
(412) 923-0414 View (412) 923-0414
Photo of Saving Sanity, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Saving Sanity, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15235
Saving Sanity, LLC is a private practice of Professional Counselors with a vision of inspiring individuals to achieve their greatest human potential. We have a mission to empower individuals by creating a supportive space in which personal growth and healing can occur. Please visit savingsanity.org to view our available therapists.
Saving Sanity, LLC is a private practice of Professional Counselors with a vision of inspiring individuals to achieve their greatest human potential. We have a mission to empower individuals by creating a supportive space in which personal growth and healing can occur. Please visit savingsanity.org to view our available therapists.
(412) 991-1620 View (412) 991-1620
Photo of Amanda Ludwig -Becoming Whole Counseling Consulting, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Amanda Ludwig -Becoming Whole Counseling Consulting
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Welcome to my page! I'm passionate first about listening well, and then secondly, guiding you through the change and transformation process. Maybe you have been struggling to feel hopeful. Or maybe you're confused about who you really are underneath the masks you wear. Perhaps you're noticing patterns in your life and you're not sure how to change. Or maybe you have experienced one too many losses and are struggling to grieve. I believe you are here because you're working up the courage to do something different. I believe you are here because you want to experience hope and healing.
Welcome to my page! I'm passionate first about listening well, and then secondly, guiding you through the change and transformation process. Maybe you have been struggling to feel hopeful. Or maybe you're confused about who you really are underneath the masks you wear. Perhaps you're noticing patterns in your life and you're not sure how to change. Or maybe you have experienced one too many losses and are struggling to grieve. I believe you are here because you're working up the courage to do something different. I believe you are here because you want to experience hope and healing.
(412) 534-5316 View (412) 534-5316
Photo of Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15239
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website at www.ccawpa.com for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website at www.ccawpa.com for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
(724) 907-1210 View (724) 907-1210

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.