Therapists in Wayne, PA

Photo of Alexandria Milligan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Wayne, PA
Alexandria Milligan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087
I am a couple and family therapist who offers empathetic and compassionate treatment for adolescents, adults, couples, and families. I utilize systems theories to assist clients in exploring how our relationships and environment impact our larger goals and sense of self. I focus on developing a relationship with clients and building a trusting and supportive environment. I believe in the power of resiliency and connection. Regardless of your goals or where you are in life, everyone deserves to be treated with dignity and respect. My goal as a therapist is to support my clients and to work collaboratively during treatment.
I am a couple and family therapist who offers empathetic and compassionate treatment for adolescents, adults, couples, and families. I utilize systems theories to assist clients in exploring how our relationships and environment impact our larger goals and sense of self. I focus on developing a relationship with clients and building a trusting and supportive environment. I believe in the power of resiliency and connection. Regardless of your goals or where you are in life, everyone deserves to be treated with dignity and respect. My goal as a therapist is to support my clients and to work collaboratively during treatment.
(267) 500-8757 View (267) 500-8757
Photo of Abraham Klein, Licensed Professional Counselor in Wayne, PA
Abraham Klein
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087
Abe received his masters in professional counseling at La Salle University and is a Licensed Professional Counselor, and has been working in the field since 2016 as a therapist for various populations. He specializes in working with adolescents, teens, and young adults (14-25) and has experience working with older adults as well. Throughout his career he has developed experience and specialization helping clients work through anxiety, interpersonal difficulties, LGBTQIA+ issues, emotional struggles connected to chronic illness, and transitional life difficulties.
Abe received his masters in professional counseling at La Salle University and is a Licensed Professional Counselor, and has been working in the field since 2016 as a therapist for various populations. He specializes in working with adolescents, teens, and young adults (14-25) and has experience working with older adults as well. Throughout his career he has developed experience and specialization helping clients work through anxiety, interpersonal difficulties, LGBTQIA+ issues, emotional struggles connected to chronic illness, and transitional life difficulties.
(267) 377-4638 View (267) 377-4638
Photo of Karen P Kelly, Psychologist in Wayne, PA
Karen P Kelly
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087
Neuropsychological and Educational Clinic for Children and Adolescents. I work with children who struggle with learning, attention, and developmental disorders, with a specialty in diagnosing and treating dyslexia. I provide neuropsychological, dyslexia, and AD/HD evaluations to help families and schools develop targeted interventions to support success. In addition, I offer an intensive research-based reading program to accelerate reading development for severe dyslexics.
Neuropsychological and Educational Clinic for Children and Adolescents. I work with children who struggle with learning, attention, and developmental disorders, with a specialty in diagnosing and treating dyslexia. I provide neuropsychological, dyslexia, and AD/HD evaluations to help families and schools develop targeted interventions to support success. In addition, I offer an intensive research-based reading program to accelerate reading development for severe dyslexics.
(267) 692-8343 View (267) 692-8343
Photo of Laura Elizabeth Farrell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Wayne, PA
Laura Elizabeth Farrell
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087  (Online Only)
I use a relational lens, and therefore each session looks different based upon the client’s needs and experience. I work with clients to create safer spaces that feel real and honor the many experiences an individual may be navigating. To me, the most important thing is to care and love one another. My work is rooted in care and love for humanity and the goal of betterment of our society as a whole, starting with the way we treat ourselves.
I use a relational lens, and therefore each session looks different based upon the client’s needs and experience. I work with clients to create safer spaces that feel real and honor the many experiences an individual may be navigating. To me, the most important thing is to care and love one another. My work is rooted in care and love for humanity and the goal of betterment of our society as a whole, starting with the way we treat ourselves.
(484) 558-2826 View (484) 558-2826
Photo of Kristin Page, Licensed Professional Counselor in Wayne, PA
Kristin Page
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19087
I am dedicated to helping you gain insight and develop tools to cultivate personal growth and relief from symptoms. You don’t have to face your struggles alone. I work holistically, meaning I consider the mind, body, and spirit. We will work together in a safe, compassionate, curious, and healing environment to understand yourself better and begin to feel connected, whole, and healthy. You can feel free to share your life and whatever you are facing. This type of work creates deep and lasting change.
I am dedicated to helping you gain insight and develop tools to cultivate personal growth and relief from symptoms. You don’t have to face your struggles alone. I work holistically, meaning I consider the mind, body, and spirit. We will work together in a safe, compassionate, curious, and healing environment to understand yourself better and begin to feel connected, whole, and healthy. You can feel free to share your life and whatever you are facing. This type of work creates deep and lasting change.
(484) 207-5573 View (484) 207-5573
Photo of Valentina Isleib, Marriage & Family Therapist in Wayne, PA
Valentina Isleib
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CCIT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19087
What are you looking for in therapy? I aim to assist you answering this question in a calm and encouraging environment where your concerns and hopes are heard and valued and where we can work together for you to achieve this purpose. I will ask you guiding questions to encourage deeper curiosity and care for yourself, and together we will explore answers that will help you create goals to support the change you need. I work with individuals, couples or families facing emotional pain, anxiety, depression, anger, couples issues, addiction, etc. and I assist their making discoveries that can help them create change.
What are you looking for in therapy? I aim to assist you answering this question in a calm and encouraging environment where your concerns and hopes are heard and valued and where we can work together for you to achieve this purpose. I will ask you guiding questions to encourage deeper curiosity and care for yourself, and together we will explore answers that will help you create goals to support the change you need. I work with individuals, couples or families facing emotional pain, anxiety, depression, anger, couples issues, addiction, etc. and I assist their making discoveries that can help them create change.
(610) 550-8878 View (610) 550-8878
Photo of Karen K Moon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Wayne, PA
Karen K Moon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087
Clients come to me after experiencing a loss whether it be from the death of a loved one, the end of a marriage/significant relationship or a major life transition. These changes in one's life can bring on feelings of sadness, isolation and fear. As a therapist I believe in the power of telling one's story in a safe and supportive space. My goal is to help clients expand the possibilities when feeling stuck, access their strengths, accept their limitations and practice being present in their daily lives.
Clients come to me after experiencing a loss whether it be from the death of a loved one, the end of a marriage/significant relationship or a major life transition. These changes in one's life can bring on feelings of sadness, isolation and fear. As a therapist I believe in the power of telling one's story in a safe and supportive space. My goal is to help clients expand the possibilities when feeling stuck, access their strengths, accept their limitations and practice being present in their daily lives.
(610) 915-8973 View (610) 915-8973
Photo of Leona Pierce, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Wayne, PA
Leona Pierce Pierce
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087
Leona Pierce is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2012. She has a BA in Psychology from Northeastern University and a Social Policy and Practice MSW from University of Pennsylvania. Leona utilizes cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness based cognitive therapy, and other evidence-based therapy frameworks to promote healing, develop insight, and find clarity. Leona helps individuals gain confidence, develop insight, and discover sources of strength from within to overcome challenges, and celebrate self-discovery.
Leona Pierce is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2012. She has a BA in Psychology from Northeastern University and a Social Policy and Practice MSW from University of Pennsylvania. Leona utilizes cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness based cognitive therapy, and other evidence-based therapy frameworks to promote healing, develop insight, and find clarity. Leona helps individuals gain confidence, develop insight, and discover sources of strength from within to overcome challenges, and celebrate self-discovery.
(267) 710-8549 View (267) 710-8549
Photo of Brian McManus At Lift Off Therapy Center, Psychologist in Wayne, PA
Brian McManus At Lift Off Therapy Center
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19087
I am a licensed psychologist who specializes in a combination of individual & family therapy for the treatment of children & teens who have depressive, anxiety, stressor-related, conduct, or substance use disorders, as well as other social/behavioral difficulties & grief/loss/separation/divorce. I utilize an integrative theoretical approach informed by developmental, family systems, biopsychosocial, & cognitive-behavioral frameworks, including "3rd wave" acceptance & mindfulness-based approaches. I further emphasize thorough clinical assessment & accurate diagnosis to inform appropriate & evidence-based treatment.
I am a licensed psychologist who specializes in a combination of individual & family therapy for the treatment of children & teens who have depressive, anxiety, stressor-related, conduct, or substance use disorders, as well as other social/behavioral difficulties & grief/loss/separation/divorce. I utilize an integrative theoretical approach informed by developmental, family systems, biopsychosocial, & cognitive-behavioral frameworks, including "3rd wave" acceptance & mindfulness-based approaches. I further emphasize thorough clinical assessment & accurate diagnosis to inform appropriate & evidence-based treatment.
(484) 254-5122 View (484) 254-5122
Photo of Katy Cording, Psychologist in Wayne, PA
Katy Cording
Psychologist, PsyD, CGP
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087  (Online Only)
I work extensively with couples, groups, and individuals. I honor the courage and vulnerability it takes to ask for help, to heal our wounds, and to embrace the messiness of our internal and external lives. Whether you are a couple seeking support in improving communication, intimacy, and connection, or an individual wanting to gain greater insight into the origins of your concerns and relieve distress, I am here to help. Therapy is the best gift you can give to yourself and your relationships, and my hope is that you will feel more empowered in your life to make choices and live life more aligned with your authentic self.
I work extensively with couples, groups, and individuals. I honor the courage and vulnerability it takes to ask for help, to heal our wounds, and to embrace the messiness of our internal and external lives. Whether you are a couple seeking support in improving communication, intimacy, and connection, or an individual wanting to gain greater insight into the origins of your concerns and relieve distress, I am here to help. Therapy is the best gift you can give to yourself and your relationships, and my hope is that you will feel more empowered in your life to make choices and live life more aligned with your authentic self.
(610) 665-3914 View (610) 665-3914
Photo of Joanne Lang, Counselor in Wayne, PA
Joanne Lang
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19087
I believe that at some point in most people's lives, therapy can be beneficial. Whether you are dealing with an unusual amount of anxiety, depression or grief related to a specific event or relationship, or you just have a general sense that these emotions have been holding you back from the kind of life and relationships you would like to have, counseling can be helpful.
I believe that at some point in most people's lives, therapy can be beneficial. Whether you are dealing with an unusual amount of anxiety, depression or grief related to a specific event or relationship, or you just have a general sense that these emotions have been holding you back from the kind of life and relationships you would like to have, counseling can be helpful.
(215) 610-0068 View (215) 610-0068
Photo of Kelsea Chavis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Wayne, PA
Kelsea Chavis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087
Kelsea is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over six years of therapeutic experience. She Graduated from Temple University in 2016 with her Master of Social Work (MSW) degree and went on to obtain her clinical licensure in 2019. She works with a variety of populations and age groups and concerns. Kelsea has experience with treating a wide range of concerns such as trauma, grief/loss, ADHD, anxiety, depression, OCD, substance abuse, mood disorders and self-image difficulties. Kelsea utilizes an eclectic approach to therapy, and she enjoys tailoring the treatment process to fit each individual's needs.
Kelsea is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over six years of therapeutic experience. She Graduated from Temple University in 2016 with her Master of Social Work (MSW) degree and went on to obtain her clinical licensure in 2019. She works with a variety of populations and age groups and concerns. Kelsea has experience with treating a wide range of concerns such as trauma, grief/loss, ADHD, anxiety, depression, OCD, substance abuse, mood disorders and self-image difficulties. Kelsea utilizes an eclectic approach to therapy, and she enjoys tailoring the treatment process to fit each individual's needs.
(267) 651-8264 View (267) 651-8264
Photo of Ruth Han, Licensed Professional Counselor in Wayne, PA
Ruth Han
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087  (Online Only)
I work with men and women who struggle with anger, bitterness, and/or resentment. These issues have caused them to damage many of their relationships. If you want to change and work toward healing yourself and those you hurt, I can help with the process.
I work with men and women who struggle with anger, bitterness, and/or resentment. These issues have caused them to damage many of their relationships. If you want to change and work toward healing yourself and those you hurt, I can help with the process.
(484) 430-3484 View (484) 430-3484
Photo of Virginia Gardiner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Wayne, PA
Virginia Gardiner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087
Virginia Gardiner is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2012. She has a B.A. from the University of Delaware, an M. B.A. from Villanova University, and an M. A. from Eastern University. Virginia has been in practice for more than 10 years and values helping a wide variety of clients overcome various mental health issues. She has a special interest and expertise in working with trauma survivors, but also helps clients with "everyday" challenges like anxiety and mild-moderate depression. Virginia is trained in EMDR, an evidence-based trauma treatment approach.
Virginia Gardiner is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2012. She has a B.A. from the University of Delaware, an M. B.A. from Villanova University, and an M. A. from Eastern University. Virginia has been in practice for more than 10 years and values helping a wide variety of clients overcome various mental health issues. She has a special interest and expertise in working with trauma survivors, but also helps clients with "everyday" challenges like anxiety and mild-moderate depression. Virginia is trained in EMDR, an evidence-based trauma treatment approach.
(267) 538-1613 View (267) 538-1613
Photo of Lisa Mimmo Banister, Psychologist in Wayne, PA
Lisa Mimmo Banister
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19087
Waitlist for new clients
Preparing to begin therapy often times takes motivation, courage and the desire to change and grow. My approach to therapy is one of mutual respect and collaboration. I want to help my clients face their struggles head on and to develop strategies to make life more manageable and satisfying. Over the years that I have been practicing, I have seen so many people work through challenges to achieve a life that they are proud to be living.
Preparing to begin therapy often times takes motivation, courage and the desire to change and grow. My approach to therapy is one of mutual respect and collaboration. I want to help my clients face their struggles head on and to develop strategies to make life more manageable and satisfying. Over the years that I have been practicing, I have seen so many people work through challenges to achieve a life that they are proud to be living.
(267) 354-8256 View (267) 354-8256
Photo of Grace Capuzzi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Wayne, PA
Grace Capuzzi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LSW, BCH
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19087
I recognize that seeking therapy can be difficult, so I hope to make your experience one that is collaborative and empowering. I work from a trauma-informed and strengths-based perspective. I strive to create an inclusive therapeutic environment so that you feel supported and fulfilled. I’m prepared to help you work through anxiety, depression, trauma, low self-esteem, relationships, and life transitions using a holistic therapeutic approach.
I recognize that seeking therapy can be difficult, so I hope to make your experience one that is collaborative and empowering. I work from a trauma-informed and strengths-based perspective. I strive to create an inclusive therapeutic environment so that you feel supported and fulfilled. I’m prepared to help you work through anxiety, depression, trauma, low self-esteem, relationships, and life transitions using a holistic therapeutic approach.
(484) 309-8228 View (484) 309-8228
Photo of Raymond C. Carvajal, Psychologist in Wayne, PA
Raymond C. Carvajal
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087
Life can be hard sometimes. Just when you think that things are going well, anxiety and depression can strike at a moment's notice, leaving you feeling lost, confused, and not sure where to turn. Your mood begins to sink, as you try desperately to stay afloat, only to face more adversity with each tug. You begin to cast judgment on yourself, lose hope, and fill your mind with self-deprecating banter. Health problems - old and new - may complicate the picture, leaving you feeling even more vulnerable to life's misfortunes.
Life can be hard sometimes. Just when you think that things are going well, anxiety and depression can strike at a moment's notice, leaving you feeling lost, confused, and not sure where to turn. Your mood begins to sink, as you try desperately to stay afloat, only to face more adversity with each tug. You begin to cast judgment on yourself, lose hope, and fill your mind with self-deprecating banter. Health problems - old and new - may complicate the picture, leaving you feeling even more vulnerable to life's misfortunes.
(610) 247-3452 View (610) 247-3452
Photo of Jennifer Granozio, Counselor in Wayne, PA
Jennifer Granozio
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087
I am a licensed therapist with a passion for helping individuals navigate life’s challenges and achieve emotional well-being. Since 2020, I have been dedicated to creating a safe and supportive environment for my clients to explore their thoughts and emotions. My therapeutic approach combines evidence-based techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, exposure therapy, strength-based therapy, and person-centered therapy. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, or life transitions, I am here to support you.
I am a licensed therapist with a passion for helping individuals navigate life’s challenges and achieve emotional well-being. Since 2020, I have been dedicated to creating a safe and supportive environment for my clients to explore their thoughts and emotions. My therapeutic approach combines evidence-based techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, exposure therapy, strength-based therapy, and person-centered therapy. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, or life transitions, I am here to support you.
(484) 218-4922 View (484) 218-4922
Photo of Lori Lorraine, Licensed Professional Counselor in Wayne, PA
Lori Lorraine
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087
Tired of hurting? Frustrated with others giving well-meaning but unhelpful advice? Do you long to be heard? You're certainly not alone. We all ache for different reasons including deep sadness, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, job challenges and addiction. Often, what we need is for someone to truly listen and help us sort through our thoughts and feelings to gain understanding about the situation and ourselves. I believe in the therapeutic process because I know that it's effective. It involves no longer avoiding what is painful, confusing or scary and, with help, walking through it to find both insight and relief.
Tired of hurting? Frustrated with others giving well-meaning but unhelpful advice? Do you long to be heard? You're certainly not alone. We all ache for different reasons including deep sadness, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, job challenges and addiction. Often, what we need is for someone to truly listen and help us sort through our thoughts and feelings to gain understanding about the situation and ourselves. I believe in the therapeutic process because I know that it's effective. It involves no longer avoiding what is painful, confusing or scary and, with help, walking through it to find both insight and relief.
(215) 987-6760 View (215) 987-6760
Photo of Nicole Urbanski in Wayne, PA
Nicole Urbanski
MS
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Wayne, PA 19087
I truly enjoy working with adolescents and emerging young adults as they transition to adulthood. I also enjoy fostering teen-parent relationships. My specialties include: Teens/Adolescents, Emerging Adults, Anxiety/Depression, Mood Disorders, Teen-Parent Relationships, Executive Functioning, School Issues, LBGTQiA plus, Self-Esteem and Body Positivity.
I truly enjoy working with adolescents and emerging young adults as they transition to adulthood. I also enjoy fostering teen-parent relationships. My specialties include: Teens/Adolescents, Emerging Adults, Anxiety/Depression, Mood Disorders, Teen-Parent Relationships, Executive Functioning, School Issues, LBGTQiA plus, Self-Esteem and Body Positivity.
(267) 361-1756 View (267) 361-1756

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Wayne, PA

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Wayne, PA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
64% Coping Skills
63% Stress
62% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Aetna
63% Highmark
52% Other

How Therapists in Wayne, PA see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Wayne?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.