Therapists in Cambridge, MA

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Photo of Doris Anne Jackson, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Doris Anne Jackson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist treating troubled relationships, depression, debilitating anxiety, traumatic loss, blocked vitality, underachievement. I have done in-depth psychotherapy with individuals and groups for over thirty years. The capacity for joy and the ability to conduct relationships with integrity are key goals towards which my clients are working. Relationships are are the core of in-depth psychotherapy. When my client and I build a good working relationship, psychotherapy can have a great impact on unhappiness and can turn a good life into a great life.
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist treating troubled relationships, depression, debilitating anxiety, traumatic loss, blocked vitality, underachievement. I have done in-depth psychotherapy with individuals and groups for over thirty years. The capacity for joy and the ability to conduct relationships with integrity are key goals towards which my clients are working. Relationships are are the core of in-depth psychotherapy. When my client and I build a good working relationship, psychotherapy can have a great impact on unhappiness and can turn a good life into a great life.
(617) 612-5106 View (617) 612-5106
Photo of Lacey Vogel, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Lacey Vogel
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Not accepting new clients
Difficult emotions or life circumstances can get in the way of feeling fully present and engaged in life. I hold compassion for the many ways someone may try to find safety and control in a world or situation that feels dangerous. I wholeheartedly believe in the power of connection to heal and my approach is direct, honest, and collaborative while offering a warm, non-judgmental space for my clients. I use anti-diet and HAES (Health At Every Size) principles and strongly believe in reinforcing self-compassion.
Difficult emotions or life circumstances can get in the way of feeling fully present and engaged in life. I hold compassion for the many ways someone may try to find safety and control in a world or situation that feels dangerous. I wholeheartedly believe in the power of connection to heal and my approach is direct, honest, and collaborative while offering a warm, non-judgmental space for my clients. I use anti-diet and HAES (Health At Every Size) principles and strongly believe in reinforcing self-compassion.
(857) 763-5660 View (857) 763-5660
Photo of Angela Kyrish, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Angela Kyrish
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
You may be feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck. By working together, I want to assist you in recognizing your strengths, healing old wounds, and building the tools needed to get through difficult situations. If you're currently experiencing anxiety or depression, recovering from a loss or trauma, struggling with disordered eating, or noticing that you're very hard on yourself, I am here to support you. My role is to be fully present for you, and to help you build a more meaningful, authentic, and fulfilling life.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck. By working together, I want to assist you in recognizing your strengths, healing old wounds, and building the tools needed to get through difficult situations. If you're currently experiencing anxiety or depression, recovering from a loss or trauma, struggling with disordered eating, or noticing that you're very hard on yourself, I am here to support you. My role is to be fully present for you, and to help you build a more meaningful, authentic, and fulfilling life.
(512) 601-5368 View (512) 601-5368
Photo of Camille DiBenedetto, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Camille DiBenedetto
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Are you feeling depressed or anxious and having trouble dealing with your home or work life? Are you struggling with your partner or mate, in the middle of a break up or having trouble finding a healthy relationship? Do you find yourself unfocused, unsure of yourself, overwhelmed, or lonely? Sometimes transitions like looking for a new job, starting or ending a relationship,deciding whether to have children or moving to a new area can be difficult. Uncomfortable or painful feelings which are coming from a life change or a past experience can sometimes feel insurmountable.
Are you feeling depressed or anxious and having trouble dealing with your home or work life? Are you struggling with your partner or mate, in the middle of a break up or having trouble finding a healthy relationship? Do you find yourself unfocused, unsure of yourself, overwhelmed, or lonely? Sometimes transitions like looking for a new job, starting or ending a relationship,deciding whether to have children or moving to a new area can be difficult. Uncomfortable or painful feelings which are coming from a life change or a past experience can sometimes feel insurmountable.
(617) 701-7536 View (617) 701-7536
Photo of Sally Weylman, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Sally Weylman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
UNFORTUNATELY, I DO NOT CURRENTLY HAVE OPENINGS FOR NEW CLIENTS (3/15/24). I WILL UPDATE HERE WHEN MY AVAILABILITY CHANGES. I am a clinical psychologist practicing in the heart of Harvard Square, helping graduate students, adults and couples to live their lives more fully and creatively. People describe me as a kind, welcoming, and thoughtful psychologist with a sense of humor and a practical and caring approach to psychotherapy. Over the past 30 years, I have worked privately and at local institutions, including Harvard University, Emerson College, Boston College, Tufts University, and Beth Israel Deaconess.
UNFORTUNATELY, I DO NOT CURRENTLY HAVE OPENINGS FOR NEW CLIENTS (3/15/24). I WILL UPDATE HERE WHEN MY AVAILABILITY CHANGES. I am a clinical psychologist practicing in the heart of Harvard Square, helping graduate students, adults and couples to live their lives more fully and creatively. People describe me as a kind, welcoming, and thoughtful psychologist with a sense of humor and a practical and caring approach to psychotherapy. Over the past 30 years, I have worked privately and at local institutions, including Harvard University, Emerson College, Boston College, Tufts University, and Beth Israel Deaconess.
(617) 354-1909 View (617) 354-1909
Photo of Betsy Hinden, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Betsy Hinden
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02140
I am a clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience. I use primarily relational and psycho-dynamic approaches to help people understand and make meaning of current conflicts and difficulties and to develop a compassionate narrative in relation to these difficulties. My focus is on supporting desired changes and the capacity to live a more fulfilling, self-determined life. Mindfulness and acceptance practices are an integral part of my work.
I am a clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience. I use primarily relational and psycho-dynamic approaches to help people understand and make meaning of current conflicts and difficulties and to develop a compassionate narrative in relation to these difficulties. My focus is on supporting desired changes and the capacity to live a more fulfilling, self-determined life. Mindfulness and acceptance practices are an integral part of my work.
(857) 777-5652 View (857) 777-5652
Photo of Jenna Hanson, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Jenna Hanson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140
Not accepting new clients
Not accepting new patients right now. With so much pressure to put our heads down, produce and consume, to fall in line and do what we’re ‘supposed to do,’ it can be hard to stop and calibrate. Therapy is a place to pause and to question, to take stock of what is causing suffering in your life and identify changes you may want to make, and to better understand yourself and your experience in the world.
Not accepting new patients right now. With so much pressure to put our heads down, produce and consume, to fall in line and do what we’re ‘supposed to do,’ it can be hard to stop and calibrate. Therapy is a place to pause and to question, to take stock of what is causing suffering in your life and identify changes you may want to make, and to better understand yourself and your experience in the world.
(628) 230-4667 View (628) 230-4667
Photo of Sexual Health and Healing LLC, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Sexual Health and Healing LLC
Psychologist, PsyD, LADC-I, CSCT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
We offer a sex positive approach to helping people with many sexual and relationship issues. We provide services for those with sexual dysfunction (problems with desire, arousal, orgasm, pain) and sexual compulsivity/infidelity. We utilize a trauma lens and support the relationship structure it may exist in. We support issues related desire, arousal, and orgasm. We help couples with desire discrepancies. Our clinicians use evidence-based approaches to offer guidance and education. They are kind, compassionate, empathic, and use humor to build a connection with you so they can walk beside you on your path.
We offer a sex positive approach to helping people with many sexual and relationship issues. We provide services for those with sexual dysfunction (problems with desire, arousal, orgasm, pain) and sexual compulsivity/infidelity. We utilize a trauma lens and support the relationship structure it may exist in. We support issues related desire, arousal, and orgasm. We help couples with desire discrepancies. Our clinicians use evidence-based approaches to offer guidance and education. They are kind, compassionate, empathic, and use humor to build a connection with you so they can walk beside you on your path.
(781) 676-3468 View (781) 676-3468
Photo of Katherine Tighe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Katherine Tighe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141
I love working with people who have come to therapy because they really want to change something about their lives that isn't working. Being in therapy takes a certain amount of courage, and those who show up openly to the experience and bravely start working are satisfying to work with. I'm also interested in those who can commit to having a real relationship in therapy. Based on my own personal and clinical experience, the development of a warm, empathic, safe relationship is key to therapeutic success.
I love working with people who have come to therapy because they really want to change something about their lives that isn't working. Being in therapy takes a certain amount of courage, and those who show up openly to the experience and bravely start working are satisfying to work with. I'm also interested in those who can commit to having a real relationship in therapy. Based on my own personal and clinical experience, the development of a warm, empathic, safe relationship is key to therapeutic success.
(857) 367-1215 View (857) 367-1215
Photo of Anna Silva, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Anna Silva
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
I do my best work with LGBTQ folks who are in the midst of a big change or transition in their life, and who are looking for a safe and supportive place to both explore, and be challenged to initiate change. My expertise is in helping individuals and families navigate the range of life experiences including: the coming out process, the transition to college, young adult identity exploration, difficulties in long-term relationships, and parenting. I understand the unique complexities you may face at each of these phases and I have spent my career learning to effectively guide you through these important and challenging times.
I do my best work with LGBTQ folks who are in the midst of a big change or transition in their life, and who are looking for a safe and supportive place to both explore, and be challenged to initiate change. My expertise is in helping individuals and families navigate the range of life experiences including: the coming out process, the transition to college, young adult identity exploration, difficulties in long-term relationships, and parenting. I understand the unique complexities you may face at each of these phases and I have spent my career learning to effectively guide you through these important and challenging times.
(857) 320-3665 View (857) 320-3665
Photo of Christina Supelana, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Christina Supelana
Psychologist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I help those who struggle with self-acceptance and life purpose. Societal messaging tells us that if we achieve more, give more, and adapt more, we will feel fulfilled and accepted by others. Instead, we can find ourselves trapped in careers and relationships that leave us feeling stressed out and alone. I believe that therapy provides a unique space for people to explore freely who they are, outside of others’ demands or expectations. In this space, people can question, challenge, and re-structure ways of thinking and being and identify their own needs and desires.
I help those who struggle with self-acceptance and life purpose. Societal messaging tells us that if we achieve more, give more, and adapt more, we will feel fulfilled and accepted by others. Instead, we can find ourselves trapped in careers and relationships that leave us feeling stressed out and alone. I believe that therapy provides a unique space for people to explore freely who they are, outside of others’ demands or expectations. In this space, people can question, challenge, and re-structure ways of thinking and being and identify their own needs and desires.
(617) 231-9491 View (617) 231-9491
Photo of Randy Blume, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Randy Blume
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
Therapy is an opportunity to make changes (in mood, anxiety, behavior, work, school, relationships, lifestyle, etc.), and it can feel like climbing a mountain--simultaneously terrifying, frustrating, and exhilarating. As your therapist, I'll be by your side keeping the summit in sight even when you can see only seemingly endless rocks and ice ahead. I am a down-to-earth, pragmatic, general therapist (with a sense of humor). I integrate psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral, motivational enhancement, and stress reduction principles and techniques into treatment based on your needs, goals, and the best strategy to reach the view from the top.
Therapy is an opportunity to make changes (in mood, anxiety, behavior, work, school, relationships, lifestyle, etc.), and it can feel like climbing a mountain--simultaneously terrifying, frustrating, and exhilarating. As your therapist, I'll be by your side keeping the summit in sight even when you can see only seemingly endless rocks and ice ahead. I am a down-to-earth, pragmatic, general therapist (with a sense of humor). I integrate psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral, motivational enhancement, and stress reduction principles and techniques into treatment based on your needs, goals, and the best strategy to reach the view from the top.
(617) 294-5112 View (617) 294-5112
Photo of Lauren Moye, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Lauren Moye
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Hi, I’m a clinical psychologist working both virtually and in my office in Cambridge. Most people find me to be friendly, and feel at ease in my presence. I’m interested in collaborating with you on your therapy goals, and will support you in the process. I work with all kinds of people, so if you feel drawn to my profile please reach out! I do also have some sub-specialties, which are 1) young adults (16-28), 2) coaching for parents, and 3) early Autism assessment to toddlers ages 1-3 years.
Hi, I’m a clinical psychologist working both virtually and in my office in Cambridge. Most people find me to be friendly, and feel at ease in my presence. I’m interested in collaborating with you on your therapy goals, and will support you in the process. I work with all kinds of people, so if you feel drawn to my profile please reach out! I do also have some sub-specialties, which are 1) young adults (16-28), 2) coaching for parents, and 3) early Autism assessment to toddlers ages 1-3 years.
(617) 420-4249 View (617) 420-4249
Photo of Sarah Putnam, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Sarah Putnam
Counselor, LMHC, CMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02139
My pledge is to witness and support each individual's journey towards becoming more fully alive. In so doing, I bring to my work a respect and acceptance for deep pain as well as an ability to hold lightness and joy. I consider myself to be a collaborator in helping to bring old, unconscious patterns to light and thus begin loosening the hold of self limiting beliefs. My clients find me to be compassionate and grounded. I draw upon the wisdom of relational therapy, mind-body awareness, expressive and cognitive behavioral theories to discover what works for you.
My pledge is to witness and support each individual's journey towards becoming more fully alive. In so doing, I bring to my work a respect and acceptance for deep pain as well as an ability to hold lightness and joy. I consider myself to be a collaborator in helping to bring old, unconscious patterns to light and thus begin loosening the hold of self limiting beliefs. My clients find me to be compassionate and grounded. I draw upon the wisdom of relational therapy, mind-body awareness, expressive and cognitive behavioral theories to discover what works for you.
(617) 284-6772 View (617) 284-6772
Photo of Samantha Macchiaverna, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Samantha Macchiaverna
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141
Samantha Macchiaverna is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) who has 5 years of experience providing care and clinical assessment to adults and late adolescents seeking help with depression, anxiety, life transitions, eating disorders, and trauma.
Samantha Macchiaverna is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) who has 5 years of experience providing care and clinical assessment to adults and late adolescents seeking help with depression, anxiety, life transitions, eating disorders, and trauma.
(617) 855-0640 View (617) 855-0640
Photo of Kumiko Ide, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Kumiko Ide
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140
Not accepting new clients
I've been working with many young adults, especially Asian-Americans who are dealing with turning points in their lives such as relationships, career, and identities. I see many bi-cultural/bi-racial couples, families, and their children.
I've been working with many young adults, especially Asian-Americans who are dealing with turning points in their lives such as relationships, career, and identities. I see many bi-cultural/bi-racial couples, families, and their children.
(617) 329-9981 View (617) 329-9981
Photo of Brianna Atkins, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Brianna Atkins
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141
Due to my experience working in under-serviced mental health communities, my ideal clients would be those who are hindered from moving forward in life due to traumatic experiences or who have been unable to manage day-to-day functioning due to the many curve balls that life throws their way. I would like to assist those who would like to return to their own version of normal functioning to improve their quality of life.
Due to my experience working in under-serviced mental health communities, my ideal clients would be those who are hindered from moving forward in life due to traumatic experiences or who have been unable to manage day-to-day functioning due to the many curve balls that life throws their way. I would like to assist those who would like to return to their own version of normal functioning to improve their quality of life.
(857) 703-9711 View (857) 703-9711
Photo of Hannah Biskind, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Hannah Biskind
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02141  (Online Only)
I am a Spanish-English bilingual psychotherapist specializing in working with folks around themes of biculturalism, transnationalism, migration, identity, systemic and intergenerational trauma, family challenges, sense of belonging, relationship challenges, depression, anxiety and recovering from traumatic experiences. I work from an anti-oppressive, anti-racist psychodynamic lens informed by principles of liberation psychology and my training in narrative therapy. I am also trained in relational and interpersonal psychodynamic psychotherapy.
I am a Spanish-English bilingual psychotherapist specializing in working with folks around themes of biculturalism, transnationalism, migration, identity, systemic and intergenerational trauma, family challenges, sense of belonging, relationship challenges, depression, anxiety and recovering from traumatic experiences. I work from an anti-oppressive, anti-racist psychodynamic lens informed by principles of liberation psychology and my training in narrative therapy. I am also trained in relational and interpersonal psychodynamic psychotherapy.
(617) 915-2445 View (617) 915-2445
Photo of Claudia Contreras, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Claudia Contreras
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02139
Not accepting new clients
Life can present itself with many opportunities and successes that may be accompanied by challenges and struggles. It is during these times that we may feel alone, isolated, doubting ourselves and possibly experiencing feelings or symptoms that we may or may not have felt before. Whether you are struggling with sadness, anxiety, self-doubt or dealing with transitions in your life, my hope is to offer you a warm, supportive and safe environment to explore your path to healing and growth without feeling judged. I hope to help you feel empowered to overcome challenges that may be preventing you from feeling like your best self.
Life can present itself with many opportunities and successes that may be accompanied by challenges and struggles. It is during these times that we may feel alone, isolated, doubting ourselves and possibly experiencing feelings or symptoms that we may or may not have felt before. Whether you are struggling with sadness, anxiety, self-doubt or dealing with transitions in your life, my hope is to offer you a warm, supportive and safe environment to explore your path to healing and growth without feeling judged. I hope to help you feel empowered to overcome challenges that may be preventing you from feeling like your best self.
(508) 283-4569 View (508) 283-4569
Photo of Rita Nocera, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Rita Nocera
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02142  (Online Only)
I am a board-Licensed Mental Health Counselor and an Alcohol and Drug Counselor. I received a Bachelor's degree in Human Development/Education from Lesley College and a Master's degree in Mental Health Counseling from Springfield College. My experience includes advocacy work for children and families, parenting education groups, family education assemblies on substance abuse as well as individual and group therapy in community mental health settings and in private practice.
I am a board-Licensed Mental Health Counselor and an Alcohol and Drug Counselor. I received a Bachelor's degree in Human Development/Education from Lesley College and a Master's degree in Mental Health Counseling from Springfield College. My experience includes advocacy work for children and families, parenting education groups, family education assemblies on substance abuse as well as individual and group therapy in community mental health settings and in private practice.
(617) 826-8708 View (617) 826-8708

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cambridge, MA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Cambridge, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
49% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Cambridge, MA see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cambridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.