Therapists in Bedford, MA

Valerie Yvonne Marte
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, LSWA
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730
Welcome to my page. My name is Valerie and I am a Mental Health counselor. I have worked in the field for over 20 years. I graduated and received my Masters Degree in Counseling from Cambridge College. I have provided mental health services in a clinical capacity to children and families of all walks of life. I have worked in a variety of mental health settings such as DYS, DCF, Residential programs. I also provided support/services out patient and in-home. Some of the areas of concern I've worked with include but are not limited to sexually harmful behaviors, Victims and batters of Domestic Violence, peer pressure, and ADHD.
Welcome to my page. My name is Valerie and I am a Mental Health counselor. I have worked in the field for over 20 years. I graduated and received my Masters Degree in Counseling from Cambridge College. I have provided mental health services in a clinical capacity to children and families of all walks of life. I have worked in a variety of mental health settings such as DYS, DCF, Residential programs. I also provided support/services out patient and in-home. Some of the areas of concern I've worked with include but are not limited to sexually harmful behaviors, Victims and batters of Domestic Violence, peer pressure, and ADHD.
(781) 257-4711 View (781) 257-4711
Photo of Frances Bigda-Peyton, Psychologist in Bedford, MA
Frances Bigda-Peyton
Psychologist, EdD, CertPsy
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730
Do you feel discontent with how your life is turning out? Are you troubled by recurrent feelings and behaviors? Are you frustrated by repetitive, nonproductive conflicts? Talking is still the best medicine. It can help you learn about how and why you get stuck and explore satisfying, constructive alternatives. Everyone makes mistakes and acts unskillfully-the question is how you react when this happens. I am committed to understanding your unique experience so you can become become freer, happier and more loving. Since change is inevitable, my hope is that you cultivate the flexibility and creativity needed to meet new situations.
Do you feel discontent with how your life is turning out? Are you troubled by recurrent feelings and behaviors? Are you frustrated by repetitive, nonproductive conflicts? Talking is still the best medicine. It can help you learn about how and why you get stuck and explore satisfying, constructive alternatives. Everyone makes mistakes and acts unskillfully-the question is how you react when this happens. I am committed to understanding your unique experience so you can become become freer, happier and more loving. Since change is inevitable, my hope is that you cultivate the flexibility and creativity needed to meet new situations.
(781) 422-8504 View (781) 422-8504
Photo of Amy Myers, Counselor in Bedford, MA
Amy Myers
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730  (Online Only)
Life can make us feel stuck, unsure, down, scared, stressed, and emotionally drained. With all of life's transitions, ups and downs, adjustments, and surprises, it's no wonder that sometimes we all need a boost. Hope for a better tomorrow can be the first step in making change towards a brighter future. Being vulnerable to take that first step can be a difficult one, however one that can bring transformation, clarity, understanding, and validation that can keep us moving forward.
Life can make us feel stuck, unsure, down, scared, stressed, and emotionally drained. With all of life's transitions, ups and downs, adjustments, and surprises, it's no wonder that sometimes we all need a boost. Hope for a better tomorrow can be the first step in making change towards a brighter future. Being vulnerable to take that first step can be a difficult one, however one that can bring transformation, clarity, understanding, and validation that can keep us moving forward.
(781) 574-8513 View (781) 574-8513
Photo of Melinda Macht-Greenberg, Psychologist in Bedford, MA
Melinda Macht-Greenberg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730  (Online Only)
I am a Clinical, Developmental, and School Psychologist with over 30 years of experience providing therapy for children, adolescents, and adults. I also provide educational evaluations and consultation for families who have children with special needs. An additional area of focus is working with college and graduate students.
I am a Clinical, Developmental, and School Psychologist with over 30 years of experience providing therapy for children, adolescents, and adults. I also provide educational evaluations and consultation for families who have children with special needs. An additional area of focus is working with college and graduate students.
(339) 217-5482 View (339) 217-5482
Photo of Jackie Lightner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bedford, MA
Jackie Lightner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730
Waitlist for new clients
Therapy is a wonderful opportunity for personal growth, self-discovery, and positive change. It can be scary to ask for help, but with a therapist who is the right fit, real improvements can be achieved. I work from a trauma-informed approach, and believe that looking at both our past and our present circumstances can provide a lot of insight into times we're feeling stuck. Utilizing warmth, empathy, humor, and tangible practices to affect change, I look forward to each session with each client to assist them on their journey to self-discovery.
Therapy is a wonderful opportunity for personal growth, self-discovery, and positive change. It can be scary to ask for help, but with a therapist who is the right fit, real improvements can be achieved. I work from a trauma-informed approach, and believe that looking at both our past and our present circumstances can provide a lot of insight into times we're feeling stuck. Utilizing warmth, empathy, humor, and tangible practices to affect change, I look forward to each session with each client to assist them on their journey to self-discovery.
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Photo of Nanci M Pradas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bedford, MA
Nanci M Pradas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730
Fortunately trained by a renowned Cognitive Behavioral therapist, I will use CBT to help you identify and change your thoughts that negatively affect your emotions and behavior. I am senior therapist who can treat your depression, anxiety or virtually any MH disorder and have substantial expertise in treating eating disorders. Treating individuals, couples, and families, I will be committed to helping you improve the health and quality of your life. For eating disorders, I will help you learn how to change your behaviors around food and eating patterns, stop the cycle of losing and regaining lost weight & learn how to maintain the weight you lose.
Fortunately trained by a renowned Cognitive Behavioral therapist, I will use CBT to help you identify and change your thoughts that negatively affect your emotions and behavior. I am senior therapist who can treat your depression, anxiety or virtually any MH disorder and have substantial expertise in treating eating disorders. Treating individuals, couples, and families, I will be committed to helping you improve the health and quality of your life. For eating disorders, I will help you learn how to change your behaviors around food and eating patterns, stop the cycle of losing and regaining lost weight & learn how to maintain the weight you lose.
(781) 365-0427 View (781) 365-0427
Photo of Jennifer N Cohen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bedford, MA
Jennifer N Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CMHIMP
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730
Waitlist for new clients
I think it is extremely courageous to admit we need help. I believe one of the most important criteria for successful treatment is to have a trusting, open, "therapeutic rapport" with a client. Without trust and a good connection, the therapeutic process cannot begin. With that in mind, I believe the first step is creating an environment safe from judgement and rich in support. My focus is to enable clients to acquire insight, skills, and motivation for emotional, cognitive, and behavioral transitions.I specialize in older adolescent and adult individual therapy as well as family and couples counseling.
I think it is extremely courageous to admit we need help. I believe one of the most important criteria for successful treatment is to have a trusting, open, "therapeutic rapport" with a client. Without trust and a good connection, the therapeutic process cannot begin. With that in mind, I believe the first step is creating an environment safe from judgement and rich in support. My focus is to enable clients to acquire insight, skills, and motivation for emotional, cognitive, and behavioral transitions.I specialize in older adolescent and adult individual therapy as well as family and couples counseling.
(781) 352-2647 View (781) 352-2647
Photo of Diane Pascucci in Bedford, MA
Diane Pascucci
RN, MS, MEd, PMHCNS, BC
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730
Not accepting new clients
Sorry, not accepting new clients. Individual challenges can cause considerable pain, anxiety, and stress in many areas of life. With specialties in nursing, psychiatry & education, I am aware of the toll life events can have upon one's sense of well-being. Through my work at the COA, University and health clinics, I appreciate and understand each person has his/her unique needs. Coping with health issues can present additional challenges. With the right support, understanding of your specific needs, empathetic listening, honed skills and the passion of a skilled therapist, you can live the best possible life.
Sorry, not accepting new clients. Individual challenges can cause considerable pain, anxiety, and stress in many areas of life. With specialties in nursing, psychiatry & education, I am aware of the toll life events can have upon one's sense of well-being. Through my work at the COA, University and health clinics, I appreciate and understand each person has his/her unique needs. Coping with health issues can present additional challenges. With the right support, understanding of your specific needs, empathetic listening, honed skills and the passion of a skilled therapist, you can live the best possible life.
(781) 790-4426 View (781) 790-4426
Photo of Angela Taveira-Dick, Psychologist in Bedford, MA
Angela Taveira-Dick
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730  (Online Only)
Welcome to my practice, where I am passionate about supporting adults (18+) navigating their unique journey. Whether you are charting your academic and career path (college/graduate school) or embracing both the joys and challenges of parenthood (postpartum, working parent). I'm here to support and walk alongside you.
Welcome to my practice, where I am passionate about supporting adults (18+) navigating their unique journey. Whether you are charting your academic and career path (college/graduate school) or embracing both the joys and challenges of parenthood (postpartum, working parent). I'm here to support and walk alongside you.
(781) 630-5748 View (781) 630-5748
Photo of Jessica Leavell, Psychologist in Bedford, MA
Jessica Leavell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730  (Online Only)
I am a psychologist specializing in the therapeutic reduction or elimination of chronic pain, stress related physical symptoms, stress reduction, anxiety, and depression. I am trained in numerous evidence based psychological therapies and specialize in a mind-body therapeutic approach. I offer tailored services based on the individual needs of each client. I am committed to helping you find the best path for your personal journey towards recovery. I provide compassionate, non-judgmental support and take the time to understand your individual situation. I service clients in Massachusetts and currently have openings.
I am a psychologist specializing in the therapeutic reduction or elimination of chronic pain, stress related physical symptoms, stress reduction, anxiety, and depression. I am trained in numerous evidence based psychological therapies and specialize in a mind-body therapeutic approach. I offer tailored services based on the individual needs of each client. I am committed to helping you find the best path for your personal journey towards recovery. I provide compassionate, non-judgmental support and take the time to understand your individual situation. I service clients in Massachusetts and currently have openings.
(339) 793-4586 View (339) 793-4586
Photo of Alison M Disseler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bedford, MA
Alison M Disseler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730  (Online Only)
Pain from the past or present can seemingly paralyze movement forward, yet it can also be a great teacher. Therapy can be the catalyst for transforming our pain into courage, strength, and personal growth. There are times when indecision can feel overwhelming, we question our abilities or choices, or feel stuck, stagnant, or struggle to develop and execute a plan to adjust and grow. I believe that every human experience deserves validation and space for healing when needed, no matter how “small” or “insignificant” one might think it is.
Pain from the past or present can seemingly paralyze movement forward, yet it can also be a great teacher. Therapy can be the catalyst for transforming our pain into courage, strength, and personal growth. There are times when indecision can feel overwhelming, we question our abilities or choices, or feel stuck, stagnant, or struggle to develop and execute a plan to adjust and grow. I believe that every human experience deserves validation and space for healing when needed, no matter how “small” or “insignificant” one might think it is.
(781) 208-5688 View (781) 208-5688
Photo of Molly Hoopes, Counselor in Bedford, MA
Molly Hoopes
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730
Waitlist for new clients
It takes courage and commitment to begin the therapy process. My approach is to create a warm, validating, and safe place in which we can explore your life’s challenges. We will work together to find ways to help you manage difficulties, calm your system, understand your patterns, improve your communication and relationships, and make more conscious choices. I will meet you where you are, and we will work on figuring out where you want to go and how to get there. I enjoy working with those who are new to therapy or who are seeking a fresh approach.
It takes courage and commitment to begin the therapy process. My approach is to create a warm, validating, and safe place in which we can explore your life’s challenges. We will work together to find ways to help you manage difficulties, calm your system, understand your patterns, improve your communication and relationships, and make more conscious choices. I will meet you where you are, and we will work on figuring out where you want to go and how to get there. I enjoy working with those who are new to therapy or who are seeking a fresh approach.
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Photo of Ella Bitman, LICSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bedford, MA
Ella Bitman, LICSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bedford, MA 01730  (Online Only)
Welcome to taking your first step to feeling better. My psychotherapy services are provided fully virtually for your convenience using a confidential online video platform; distance should not be a barrier in your receiving support. My methodology is centered primarily around Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which is proven to be extremely effective, particularly with anxiety and adjustment-related challenges. I utilize a strength-based and solution-focused approach, as our work together will involve working towards creating positive and lasting change.
Welcome to taking your first step to feeling better. My psychotherapy services are provided fully virtually for your convenience using a confidential online video platform; distance should not be a barrier in your receiving support. My methodology is centered primarily around Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which is proven to be extremely effective, particularly with anxiety and adjustment-related challenges. I utilize a strength-based and solution-focused approach, as our work together will involve working towards creating positive and lasting change.
(781) 253-8436 View (781) 253-8436
Photo of Maria Rowley, Psychologist in Bedford, MA
Maria Rowley
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bedford, MA 01730  (Online Only)
You generally have your act together and have some good insight into yourself, maybe from doing therapy or maybe you’ve just figured some things out yourself along the way. You’ve got some areas you’d like to work on anyway. Maybe life’s thrown a few stumbling blocks in the road lately, or you’ve been feeling a little down. Or possibly, you’re reevaluating some aspect of your life: career, relationships, life goals, living room decor, or something else entirely, and you’ve got too many thoughts swirling around your head. Either way, you could use some help sorting through stuff and dealing with life stressors.
You generally have your act together and have some good insight into yourself, maybe from doing therapy or maybe you’ve just figured some things out yourself along the way. You’ve got some areas you’d like to work on anyway. Maybe life’s thrown a few stumbling blocks in the road lately, or you’ve been feeling a little down. Or possibly, you’re reevaluating some aspect of your life: career, relationships, life goals, living room decor, or something else entirely, and you’ve got too many thoughts swirling around your head. Either way, you could use some help sorting through stuff and dealing with life stressors.
(781) 650-2772 View (781) 650-2772
Photo of Carol Bittenson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bedford, MA
Carol Bittenson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730  (Online Only)
My style is direct, active, and supportive, listening with caring and empathy, and providing effective feedback. I want to understand who you are and the challenges you are experiencing, such as coping with serious illness, loss of a loved one, stress resulting from difficulty conceiving a child, a primary relationship that isn’t working, or a work related issue. You may be experiencing symptoms associated with anxiety or depression. As we work together, you will learn strategies that will help you create the changes you desire and to feel better.
My style is direct, active, and supportive, listening with caring and empathy, and providing effective feedback. I want to understand who you are and the challenges you are experiencing, such as coping with serious illness, loss of a loved one, stress resulting from difficulty conceiving a child, a primary relationship that isn’t working, or a work related issue. You may be experiencing symptoms associated with anxiety or depression. As we work together, you will learn strategies that will help you create the changes you desire and to feel better.
(781) 476-5406 View (781) 476-5406
Photo of Karl J Toews, Psychologist in Bedford, MA
Karl J Toews
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730  (Online Only)
Hi, I am a psychologist with over 20 years of experience. Do you feel stuck and things just don't seem to be working out? No one expects to feel overwhelmed, but it happens to all of us. The question then becomes, “What’s next?” Psychotherapy has been scientifically shown to be helpful for people struggling with emotional stress, anxiety, and depression. I have the background to provide new ideas and structure for your concerns.
Hi, I am a psychologist with over 20 years of experience. Do you feel stuck and things just don't seem to be working out? No one expects to feel overwhelmed, but it happens to all of us. The question then becomes, “What’s next?” Psychotherapy has been scientifically shown to be helpful for people struggling with emotional stress, anxiety, and depression. I have the background to provide new ideas and structure for your concerns.
(617) 958-6370 View (617) 958-6370
Photo of Tom Culora, Pre-Licensed Professional in Bedford, MA
Tom Culora
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730
Navigating the complexities of career, family, and community can be daunting in today’s world. As a seasoned professional with diverse life experiences, I offer an open, empathic, and clinically-informed approach to strengthen my clients’ wellness as they adjust and cope with the stress and demands of everyday life. I believe that individuals are at their best when the live into their authentic selves and are self-reflective of their own humanity. Together we will work to understand the elements that may be causing you distress and preventing you from living your life to your full potential.
Navigating the complexities of career, family, and community can be daunting in today’s world. As a seasoned professional with diverse life experiences, I offer an open, empathic, and clinically-informed approach to strengthen my clients’ wellness as they adjust and cope with the stress and demands of everyday life. I believe that individuals are at their best when the live into their authentic selves and are self-reflective of their own humanity. Together we will work to understand the elements that may be causing you distress and preventing you from living your life to your full potential.
(781) 678-7332 View (781) 678-7332
Photo of Julia Robbins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bedford, MA
Julia Robbins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bedford, MA 01730
I provide a supportive and nonjudgmental space for individuals to navigate the difficulties in their lives and celebrate their strengths and successes. I specialize in helping pregnant and postpartum women adjust to the life changes that come with parenthood. I am also passionate about working with adults struggling with relationship issues, life transitions, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and parenting. I approach my work with warmth and empathy and my hope is that my clients feel safe and at ease.
I provide a supportive and nonjudgmental space for individuals to navigate the difficulties in their lives and celebrate their strengths and successes. I specialize in helping pregnant and postpartum women adjust to the life changes that come with parenthood. I am also passionate about working with adults struggling with relationship issues, life transitions, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and parenting. I approach my work with warmth and empathy and my hope is that my clients feel safe and at ease.
(781) 670-5918 View (781) 670-5918
Photo of Naomi M. Dogan, Ph.D., Licensed Psychologist, Psychologist in Bedford, MA
Naomi M. Dogan, Ph.D., Licensed Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD, CGP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Bedford, MA 01730  (Online Only)
I identify as a neurodiverse (ND) autistic psychologist. Like many, I discovered at midlife I’m on the “invisible” end of the spectrum. I now specialize in assisting other ND/autistic adults & their allies as they a) explore identity/diagnosis, b) cope with ongoing life adjustments/ND burnout & c) make informed choices about how/when it is safe to “unmask.” I help clients: identify personal life/career-related challenges, build upon strengths, & make constructive changes to create a ‘right-sized’ life. I’m a multicultural-educated ally & offer affirming space for marginalized folx (BIPOC, LGBTQAI+, ENM/polyamory, differently-abled).
I identify as a neurodiverse (ND) autistic psychologist. Like many, I discovered at midlife I’m on the “invisible” end of the spectrum. I now specialize in assisting other ND/autistic adults & their allies as they a) explore identity/diagnosis, b) cope with ongoing life adjustments/ND burnout & c) make informed choices about how/when it is safe to “unmask.” I help clients: identify personal life/career-related challenges, build upon strengths, & make constructive changes to create a ‘right-sized’ life. I’m a multicultural-educated ally & offer affirming space for marginalized folx (BIPOC, LGBTQAI+, ENM/polyamory, differently-abled).
(802) 565-5718 View (802) 565-5718
Photo of Shane MacDonald, LICSW, New Inspiration LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bedford, MA
Shane MacDonald, LICSW, New Inspiration LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bedford, MA 01730  (Online Only)
When you improve your relationship with yourself and your relationships with others, you are “on the path” to a happier, healthier life. I’d like to help you along that path. Together, we can explore a range of approaches: whatever works. But – so you know where I’m coming from – in the end, it’s always about relationships. I’d like to meet you.
When you improve your relationship with yourself and your relationships with others, you are “on the path” to a happier, healthier life. I’d like to help you along that path. Together, we can explore a range of approaches: whatever works. But – so you know where I’m coming from – in the end, it’s always about relationships. I’d like to meet you.
(617) 675-2000 View (617) 675-2000

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bedford, MA

60+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Bedford, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
57% Grief
57% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% BlueCross and BlueShield
47% Optum
43% Harvard Pilgrim

How Therapists in Bedford, MA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bedford?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.