Anger Management Therapists in Kentucky

Photo of Amy Prater Hardin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kentucky
Amy Prater Hardin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Owensboro, KY 42303
She is also certified to treat both anger management issues and sexual disorders/behaviors.
Amy has over 20 years of experience in the social work field, over 15 years in Clinical Christian Counseling and is a Licensed Clinical Pastoral Counselor. She enjoys helping clients of all ages reach their goals in a safe, encouraging environment. Amy offers counseling services to children, families, adults, and couples, employing evidence-based counseling modalities such as Temperament Counseling, EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Play Therapy, and Art Therapy in her sessions.
She is also certified to treat both anger management issues and sexual disorders/behaviors.
Amy has over 20 years of experience in the social work field, over 15 years in Clinical Christian Counseling and is a Licensed Clinical Pastoral Counselor. She enjoys helping clients of all ages reach their goals in a safe, encouraging environment. Amy offers counseling services to children, families, adults, and couples, employing evidence-based counseling modalities such as Temperament Counseling, EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Play Therapy, and Art Therapy in her sessions.
(270) 330-0086 View (270) 330-0086
Photo of The Mindfulness Center, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kentucky
The Mindfulness Center
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
Our goal is to help you decrease anxiety, irritability, anger, depression, and fear as well as constant "spinning" thoughts.
Our mission is to help you find peace and joy within yourself and your relationships through therapy, coaching, and classes from a mindfulness-based perspective. We want to equip you with practical, easy-to-use tools in your toolbox to deal with all of life's stressors. Our one-on-one sessions with individuals, couples, kids, and families give you tools tailored to your specific needs. Group classes and one-hour mindfulness meditations are affordable ways for introducing you and your friends to our approach to mindfulness.
Our goal is to help you decrease anxiety, irritability, anger, depression, and fear as well as constant "spinning" thoughts.
Our mission is to help you find peace and joy within yourself and your relationships through therapy, coaching, and classes from a mindfulness-based perspective. We want to equip you with practical, easy-to-use tools in your toolbox to deal with all of life's stressors. Our one-on-one sessions with individuals, couples, kids, and families give you tools tailored to your specific needs. Group classes and one-hour mindfulness meditations are affordable ways for introducing you and your friends to our approach to mindfulness.
(502) 414-8369 View (502) 414-8369
Photo of Phyllis K Lonneman, Counselor in Kentucky
Phyllis K Lonneman
Counselor, LPCC, CBIP, JD
Verified Verified
Elizabethtown, KY 42701
I treat PTSD, ADHD children and young adults, various other addictions and also do anger management, BIP for the courts.
For 41 years I have been an attorney and had clients with varying backgrounds and issues. My retirement plan from the practice of law was to use all that experience to help others so now I am an LPCC hopefully touching lives in a helpful manner. I have seen how lives can be affected in a negative manner by divorce, drugs, crimes, and health issues which include mental health issues. Society puts more pressure on our lives daily and there is always a way to deal with life on life's terms. Come sit with me awhile and we will deal with life.
I treat PTSD, ADHD children and young adults, various other addictions and also do anger management, BIP for the courts.
For 41 years I have been an attorney and had clients with varying backgrounds and issues. My retirement plan from the practice of law was to use all that experience to help others so now I am an LPCC hopefully touching lives in a helpful manner. I have seen how lives can be affected in a negative manner by divorce, drugs, crimes, and health issues which include mental health issues. Society puts more pressure on our lives daily and there is always a way to deal with life on life's terms. Come sit with me awhile and we will deal with life.
(270) 208-9028 View (270) 208-9028
Photo of Lee Alan Roussel, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kentucky
Lee Alan Roussel
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40207
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have more than 10 years of clinical practice. I am trained in treating adults, children, adolescents and families. I also have extensive training in addiction and dually diagnosed clients. My training is in areas of CBT, Motivational Interviewing, IFS and certified in Anger Management. I have practiced within outpatient and inpatient settings for the past 13 years. I am currently working on becoming a supervisor for LMFT's. I take a trauma informed, compassionate approach while addressing the issues and dynamics head on. I work extremely well with families, adults, kids, adolescents and couples.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have more than 10 years of clinical practice. I am trained in treating adults, children, adolescents and families. I also have extensive training in addiction and dually diagnosed clients. My training is in areas of CBT, Motivational Interviewing, IFS and certified in Anger Management. I have practiced within outpatient and inpatient settings for the past 13 years. I am currently working on becoming a supervisor for LMFT's. I take a trauma informed, compassionate approach while addressing the issues and dynamics head on. I work extremely well with families, adults, kids, adolescents and couples.
(502) 413-2578 View (502) 413-2578
Photo of Robert Cassman, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Kentucky
Robert Cassman
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, NCC, CCMHC, ACS
Verified Verified
Munfordville, KY 42765
Are you losing your grip on life? Are feelings of hopelessness, stress, worry, or anger overwhelming you daily? Perhaps a loss of a loved one, an addiction, constant feelings of aggression or wanting to give up completely has made life unbearable. Using the most effective method of psychotherapy, I can help you change your thoughts to change your life.
Are you losing your grip on life? Are feelings of hopelessness, stress, worry, or anger overwhelming you daily? Perhaps a loss of a loved one, an addiction, constant feelings of aggression or wanting to give up completely has made life unbearable. Using the most effective method of psychotherapy, I can help you change your thoughts to change your life.
(270) 697-9150 View (270) 697-9150
Photo of Andre Riddick, Counselor in Kentucky
Andre Riddick
Counselor, LPCA
Verified Verified
Lexington, KY 40505
Anxiety/Depression/Relationship conflict/PTSD/Anger problems/Addiction/Dual diagnosis/ADHD/Behavioral problems/Grief
Anxiety/Depression/Relationship conflict/PTSD/Anger problems/Addiction/Dual diagnosis/ADHD/Behavioral problems/Grief
(859) 309-2814 View (859) 309-2814
Photo of Joshua Aaron Evans, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kentucky
Joshua Aaron Evans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Lexington, KY 40502
I most commonly treat anxiety, depression, trauma related disorders, anger, and mood disorders, among many others.
I love what I do, it is both my purpose and passion. I describe my working style as being one of a navigator. I help individuals navigate their personal struggles, desires/needs, and blind spots. I encourage my clients to take the steering wheel, while I navigate from the passenger seat. My goal is to ensure you maintain the right path and ultimately reach the desired destination. Ask yourself, am I inching closer, each day towards the best version of my life, or am I on the wrong path and going the wrong way? As far as my approach, my job is to adapt to you and figure out which therapeutic modality will be most effective.
I most commonly treat anxiety, depression, trauma related disorders, anger, and mood disorders, among many others.
I love what I do, it is both my purpose and passion. I describe my working style as being one of a navigator. I help individuals navigate their personal struggles, desires/needs, and blind spots. I encourage my clients to take the steering wheel, while I navigate from the passenger seat. My goal is to ensure you maintain the right path and ultimately reach the desired destination. Ask yourself, am I inching closer, each day towards the best version of my life, or am I on the wrong path and going the wrong way? As far as my approach, my job is to adapt to you and figure out which therapeutic modality will be most effective.
(859) 765-1668 View (859) 765-1668
Photo of Erica Toney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kentucky
Erica Toney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40272
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in treating trauma-related issues, grief, anger management and loss, stress management, anxiety and depressive disorders.
Welcome! I am Erica Toney and I am excited you have found my page! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker experienced in treating anxiety and depressive disorders, trauma-related issues, grief and loss. My approach to therapy varies because people vary. Your story is unique to you. I use an array of therapeutic strategies to meet you exactly where you are. We will spend time understanding what you are experiencing and collaboratively work to develop actionable tools designed to improve the overall quality of your life.
I specialize in treating trauma-related issues, grief, anger management and loss, stress management, anxiety and depressive disorders.
Welcome! I am Erica Toney and I am excited you have found my page! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker experienced in treating anxiety and depressive disorders, trauma-related issues, grief and loss. My approach to therapy varies because people vary. Your story is unique to you. I use an array of therapeutic strategies to meet you exactly where you are. We will spend time understanding what you are experiencing and collaboratively work to develop actionable tools designed to improve the overall quality of your life.
(502) 289-5802 View (502) 289-5802
Photo of Morgan Salazar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kentucky
Morgan Salazar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lexington, KY 40502  (Online Only)
Feeling stressed, overwhelmed, anxious, or at your breaking point? With all of the challenges life throws at us, it can be easy to feel like this. It can seem like there is not enough time in the day to get everything done. Sometimes we freeze, shut down, and retreat to our shell. Sometimes we lash out in anger. And sometimes we run away from our responsibilities by distracting ourselves in a variety of ways. These may be natural responses. Yet, we will benefit learning ways to strengthen ourselves to overcome these unproductive responses and break what seems like a never ending cycle.
Feeling stressed, overwhelmed, anxious, or at your breaking point? With all of the challenges life throws at us, it can be easy to feel like this. It can seem like there is not enough time in the day to get everything done. Sometimes we freeze, shut down, and retreat to our shell. Sometimes we lash out in anger. And sometimes we run away from our responsibilities by distracting ourselves in a variety of ways. These may be natural responses. Yet, we will benefit learning ways to strengthen ourselves to overcome these unproductive responses and break what seems like a never ending cycle.
(765) 563-2906 View (765) 563-2906
Photo of Kevin Cuchia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kentucky
Kevin Cuchia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fort Campbell, KY 42223
Is stress, anxiety, anger, depression, or substance misuse impacting your daily life and affecting your relationships? Therapy should be a proactive process that empowers you to experience results instead of just talking about it over and over again. I specialize in helping you take back control by addressing high-performance stress & environments, burnout, and traumatic events that disrupt your life. Many of my clients lead during emergencies and never thought that they’d be looking for help themselves including military service members, veterans, first responders, medical professionals, and their family members.
Is stress, anxiety, anger, depression, or substance misuse impacting your daily life and affecting your relationships? Therapy should be a proactive process that empowers you to experience results instead of just talking about it over and over again. I specialize in helping you take back control by addressing high-performance stress & environments, burnout, and traumatic events that disrupt your life. Many of my clients lead during emergencies and never thought that they’d be looking for help themselves including military service members, veterans, first responders, medical professionals, and their family members.
(615) 314-6788 View (615) 314-6788
Photo of Don Delafield, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kentucky
Don Delafield
Marriage & Family Therapist, M Div, LMFT, KLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
Is your marriage a battleground and a source of disappointment rather than a source of peace, fulfillment and joy? Do you tell yourself that your partner makes it difficult for you to be the person that you want to be? Are you feeling stuck and sometimes even hopeless--worrying that your relationship might not get better? Are anxiety and other uncomfortable emotions making life hard and upsetting? Do you struggle with anger and often feel out of control? Do you long for greater peace, freedom, and hope in your life and relationships? If so, I can help.
Is your marriage a battleground and a source of disappointment rather than a source of peace, fulfillment and joy? Do you tell yourself that your partner makes it difficult for you to be the person that you want to be? Are you feeling stuck and sometimes even hopeless--worrying that your relationship might not get better? Are anxiety and other uncomfortable emotions making life hard and upsetting? Do you struggle with anger and often feel out of control? Do you long for greater peace, freedom, and hope in your life and relationships? If so, I can help.
(502) 383-5963 View (502) 383-5963
Photo of John Thacker, Counselor in Kentucky
John Thacker
Counselor, MRC, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Frankfort, KY 40601
I have training and experience helping individuals with issues including depression, anxiety, relationship/family problems, anger management, ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, PTSD, mood disorders, and adjustment disorders.
People come to therapy because they want to feel better. It might be relationship problems or anxiety/depression, but whatever the reason, life has become uncomfortable or painful. Most people want more understanding of themselves and their situation. That being said, change is what we all seek in therapy. Making your life work better is the goal. I focus on altering self-defeating ways, gaining perspective, and increasing insight that leads to change. The result is an improved quality of life.
I have training and experience helping individuals with issues including depression, anxiety, relationship/family problems, anger management, ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, PTSD, mood disorders, and adjustment disorders.
People come to therapy because they want to feel better. It might be relationship problems or anxiety/depression, but whatever the reason, life has become uncomfortable or painful. Most people want more understanding of themselves and their situation. That being said, change is what we all seek in therapy. Making your life work better is the goal. I focus on altering self-defeating ways, gaining perspective, and increasing insight that leads to change. The result is an improved quality of life.
(502) 812-1903 View (502) 812-1903
Photo of Matt Gilbert, Psychologist in Kentucky
Matt Gilbert
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
Dr. Gilbert specializes in difficulties with impulsive behaviors and actions including self-harm, chronic suicidality and suicidal actions, dyscontrolled anger, and the quickly shifting mood states and interpersonal chaos that often accompany these behaviors. He also specializes in the treatment of the effects of complex interpersonal trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder. Additional areas of interest include mindfulness-based approaches to health and wellness, depression, severe and persistent mental illness, men's issues, cycling mood disorders, and most general mental health difficulties.
Dr. Gilbert specializes in difficulties with impulsive behaviors and actions including self-harm, chronic suicidality and suicidal actions, dyscontrolled anger, and the quickly shifting mood states and interpersonal chaos that often accompany these behaviors. He also specializes in the treatment of the effects of complex interpersonal trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder. Additional areas of interest include mindfulness-based approaches to health and wellness, depression, severe and persistent mental illness, men's issues, cycling mood disorders, and most general mental health difficulties.
(502) 871-4660 View (502) 871-4660
Photo of Alisha Blais, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kentucky
Alisha Blais
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Elizabethtown, KY 42701  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in the treatment of adults suffering from Borderline personality disorder, OCD, depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, bipolar, PTSD, and eating disorders. I have experience in working with many of life's problems such as grief and loss, conflict resolution, and anger management. I work with each client to understand his or her symptoms and the problems that impact their mood, and then create a holistic approach to develop a unique treatment plan that is tailored to address the individual's needs. You are not alone, and change is possible!
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in the treatment of adults suffering from Borderline personality disorder, OCD, depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, bipolar, PTSD, and eating disorders. I have experience in working with many of life's problems such as grief and loss, conflict resolution, and anger management. I work with each client to understand his or her symptoms and the problems that impact their mood, and then create a holistic approach to develop a unique treatment plan that is tailored to address the individual's needs. You are not alone, and change is possible!
(270) 747-3417 View (270) 747-3417
Photo of Charles Burgett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kentucky
Charles Burgett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MAE, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bowling Green, KY 42102
Whether it be anger management, anxiety, depression, alcohol/ drug problems or out of control sexual issues, people come to the place where they want help.
Over the past 18 years I have found clients seeking my assistance who are searching for ways to improve their lives. Many times we find ourselves either stuck or unable to break free from the thoughts, feelings or behaviors that seem to drag us down. Many people find it helpful to be able to voice their struggles to someone who will be non judgmental or condemning. I have found that people want to renew their hope for a better tomorrow, others need to regain their inner strength, while others long for a new vision of what their life could be.
Whether it be anger management, anxiety, depression, alcohol/ drug problems or out of control sexual issues, people come to the place where they want help.
Over the past 18 years I have found clients seeking my assistance who are searching for ways to improve their lives. Many times we find ourselves either stuck or unable to break free from the thoughts, feelings or behaviors that seem to drag us down. Many people find it helpful to be able to voice their struggles to someone who will be non judgmental or condemning. I have found that people want to renew their hope for a better tomorrow, others need to regain their inner strength, while others long for a new vision of what their life could be.
(270) 977-8024 View (270) 977-8024
Photo of ALT Addiction Treatment, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kentucky
ALT Addiction Treatment
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCADC, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lexington, KY 40507
We offer DUI classes and anger management classes.
Addiction is a disease and it robs people of everything. We meet the client where ever they are in the grips of addiction. Deep down in every individual there is a need to find their sense of purpose. Everyone wants to attain self-actualization or to become who they believe they were meant to become. We believe in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which states individuals must first attain their physical, social, emotional and spiritual needs before reaching self-actualization, which brings a feeling of fulfillment, joy and peace. We provide a way out. Please give us a call to schedule an assessment.
We offer DUI classes and anger management classes.
Addiction is a disease and it robs people of everything. We meet the client where ever they are in the grips of addiction. Deep down in every individual there is a need to find their sense of purpose. Everyone wants to attain self-actualization or to become who they believe they were meant to become. We believe in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which states individuals must first attain their physical, social, emotional and spiritual needs before reaching self-actualization, which brings a feeling of fulfillment, joy and peace. We provide a way out. Please give us a call to schedule an assessment.
(859) 600-0489 View (859) 600-0489
Photo of Blue Moon Therapy, Inc. , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kentucky
Blue Moon Therapy, Inc.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40203
I treat people who have childhood trauma, abuse/neglect, PTSD, OCD, eating disorders, anxiety, depression, and dissociation. We will treat the source of your symptoms using the best therapies out there (EMDR, Brainspotting, Flash, Internal Family Systems, and Ego State Therapy). You will be able to break cycles, feel more calm, quiet your anger, talk to people with ease, have more peaceful relationships, stand up to others, think before you react, have more control over yourself, go to sleep at night without being in your head, and so much more. Your life will start to feel as if you put on a new pair of glasses.
I treat people who have childhood trauma, abuse/neglect, PTSD, OCD, eating disorders, anxiety, depression, and dissociation. We will treat the source of your symptoms using the best therapies out there (EMDR, Brainspotting, Flash, Internal Family Systems, and Ego State Therapy). You will be able to break cycles, feel more calm, quiet your anger, talk to people with ease, have more peaceful relationships, stand up to others, think before you react, have more control over yourself, go to sleep at night without being in your head, and so much more. Your life will start to feel as if you put on a new pair of glasses.
(502) 754-3603 View (502) 754-3603
Photo of Megan Martin, Counselor in Kentucky
Megan Martin
Counselor, MS, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042
Healing is for everyone! My passion is in working with the early childhood population to help shape and nurture the emotional and social development of our young ones. Does your child demonstrate any of the following issues: struggles at home/school, feeling sad/worried, peer/sibling conflict, out of control behaviors, anxiety/depression, social skills deficits, anger/aggression, emotional dysregulation, family conflict, trouble focusing/staying on task, divorce/family transitions, impulsive behaviors, grief, etc.? If so, mental health therapy can benefit you and your child!
Healing is for everyone! My passion is in working with the early childhood population to help shape and nurture the emotional and social development of our young ones. Does your child demonstrate any of the following issues: struggles at home/school, feeling sad/worried, peer/sibling conflict, out of control behaviors, anxiety/depression, social skills deficits, anger/aggression, emotional dysregulation, family conflict, trouble focusing/staying on task, divorce/family transitions, impulsive behaviors, grief, etc.? If so, mental health therapy can benefit you and your child!
(859) 710-9375 View (859) 710-9375
Photo of Cynthia M Starling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kentucky
Cynthia M Starling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Hopkinsville, KY 42240
Experience with trauma, depression, grief, codependency issues,victims of abuse, elderly issues, women's issues, adolescents, adjustment issues, anger management and certified to work with perpetrators of domestic violence.
28 years experience as a Clinical Social Worker working with children, adolescents, adults, including geriatrics, with a variety of issues. Experience with acute and chronic problems with depression and anxiety, trauma, grief and codependency issues. Certified to work with victims and perpetrators of domestic violence. I worked for 24 years in Community Mental Health and most recently worked four years in private practice with Cornerstone Counseling. I have recently decided to move to my own office in Hopkinsville and I am looking forward to this new journey!
Experience with trauma, depression, grief, codependency issues,victims of abuse, elderly issues, women's issues, adolescents, adjustment issues, anger management and certified to work with perpetrators of domestic violence.
28 years experience as a Clinical Social Worker working with children, adolescents, adults, including geriatrics, with a variety of issues. Experience with acute and chronic problems with depression and anxiety, trauma, grief and codependency issues. Certified to work with victims and perpetrators of domestic violence. I worked for 24 years in Community Mental Health and most recently worked four years in private practice with Cornerstone Counseling. I have recently decided to move to my own office in Hopkinsville and I am looking forward to this new journey!
(270) 681-3439 View (270) 681-3439
Photo of Bridgette K Allen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kentucky
Bridgette K Allen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Lexington, KY 40509
anxiety, sadness, control and anger), accept and regulate ones own emotions, and create new ways of interacting to better serve their needs and desires.
Keeping secrets and hiding parts of the self can be painful, and leave us feeling alone and anxious about the future. Together we explore new perspectives, and develop patterns of living that better serve connection, intimacy and more fulfilling interactions.
anxiety, sadness, control and anger), accept and regulate ones own emotions, and create new ways of interacting to better serve their needs and desires.
Keeping secrets and hiding parts of the self can be painful, and leave us feeling alone and anxious about the future. Together we explore new perspectives, and develop patterns of living that better serve connection, intimacy and more fulfilling interactions.
(859) 279-4021 View (859) 279-4021
Anger Management Therapists

How long does therapy take for anger management?

Treatment duration depends on the person’s specific challenges and circumstances. There are treatments for anger problems that are shorter and more goal-oriented, like Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), which can last weeks to months. Others, like Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) may last between six months and a year, while a more intensive treatment, like psychodynamic therapy, is open-ended, and clients may see their therapist for a year or longer.

How do you know if you need therapy for anger management?

Everyone gets mad from time to time. But when angry outbursts become frequent and cause damage to relationships, whether at home or in the office, it may be a good time to look into therapy. A therapist can assess where a client’s anger may be coming from, suggest strategies for averting angry outbursts, and help a client create a plan to become a calmer version of themselves.

Is there medication for anger management?

Medications do exist that help people mitigate the feeling of anger, but these are reserved for people with anger-related psychiatric disorders, such as intermittent explosive disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or in some cases borderline personality disorder. In these cases, antidepressant medications may be prescribed to help with the client’s symptoms. In most cases of anger management, however, talk therapy is the recommended treatment, along with lifestyle changes where relevant.

What’s the best way to encourage someone to seek help for anger issues?

It’s helpful to express your concern and love for the person while framing therapy as a tool for improving their life. Offering specific examples of how an individual’s behavior affected either themselves or others should be done with compassion and with empathy. It may be useful to devise a game plan—breaking the process down into parts, such as finding a therapist, making appointments, and looking into insurance coverage.