Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Lori Yoder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Lori Yoder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60625
Having trouble focusing on your goals? I specialize in coaching adults with attention issues, such as ADHD or anxiety. Problems with concentration can cause difficulties with overall well-being, relationships, career, and health. We will work as a team to capitalize on your strengths and to better manage challenges. Hallmarks of my work include improving self-awareness, self-confidence, and self-acceptance.
Having trouble focusing on your goals? I specialize in coaching adults with attention issues, such as ADHD or anxiety. Problems with concentration can cause difficulties with overall well-being, relationships, career, and health. We will work as a team to capitalize on your strengths and to better manage challenges. Hallmarks of my work include improving self-awareness, self-confidence, and self-acceptance.
(708) 433-0274 View (708) 433-0274
Photo of Azita Afshar, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Azita Afshar
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
I consider myself to be a trauma-informed therapist. I believe that each experience in one's life leaves an imprint on the mind & body; thus, informing how one responds to the world. There is a rhyme & reason to these responses, and none of it is about being "wrong," "damaged," or "not good enough" (words I often hear from individuals in my practice). The goal of therapy with me is to help you learn to compassionately connect with, soothe and heal these hurting parts, so that you may be able to let go, engage, and thrive in your personal and professional life. I believe healing is possible for anyone willing to work at it.
I consider myself to be a trauma-informed therapist. I believe that each experience in one's life leaves an imprint on the mind & body; thus, informing how one responds to the world. There is a rhyme & reason to these responses, and none of it is about being "wrong," "damaged," or "not good enough" (words I often hear from individuals in my practice). The goal of therapy with me is to help you learn to compassionately connect with, soothe and heal these hurting parts, so that you may be able to let go, engage, and thrive in your personal and professional life. I believe healing is possible for anyone willing to work at it.
(773) 669-5985 View (773) 669-5985
Photo of Alaa Maali, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Alaa Maali
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
Not accepting new clients
Life is like a seed. With some patience, consistency, and the basic essentials, that seed will grow and bloom into a beautiful flower. Sounds basic and cliche right? That may be a basic metaphor, but it’s factual. I am committed to help not only process and explore the factors that hinder your ability to grow as an individual, but to develop and provide the basic tools/skills needed to become that flower. I strive to provide a safe, comfortable, and judgement-free zone that allows one to be themselves and explore their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.
Life is like a seed. With some patience, consistency, and the basic essentials, that seed will grow and bloom into a beautiful flower. Sounds basic and cliche right? That may be a basic metaphor, but it’s factual. I am committed to help not only process and explore the factors that hinder your ability to grow as an individual, but to develop and provide the basic tools/skills needed to become that flower. I strive to provide a safe, comfortable, and judgement-free zone that allows one to be themselves and explore their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.
(872) 259-9814 View (872) 259-9814
Photo of Nicole St Jean, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Nicole St Jean
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Are you or your child experiencing sadness or irritability or struggling with worry or excessive anxiety? Are you feeling stressed or overwhelmed due to unexpected hardships, adjustments, or life transitions in relationships, school or work? What happens in this moment can change your experience and be the positive support you are seeking! I approach my work with genuine compassion, warmth, nurturance, and balanced, gentle laughter to help you and your family feel at ease. I believe that feeling safe and understood in the therapeutic relationship is integral for healing and I would be honored to be part of your journey.
Are you or your child experiencing sadness or irritability or struggling with worry or excessive anxiety? Are you feeling stressed or overwhelmed due to unexpected hardships, adjustments, or life transitions in relationships, school or work? What happens in this moment can change your experience and be the positive support you are seeking! I approach my work with genuine compassion, warmth, nurturance, and balanced, gentle laughter to help you and your family feel at ease. I believe that feeling safe and understood in the therapeutic relationship is integral for healing and I would be honored to be part of your journey.
(847) 457-8162 View (847) 457-8162
Photo of Yvonne R Heins, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Yvonne R Heins
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
My ideal patient would be someone who has realized that something in his or her life seems to not be working in the way that person has expected or wished for. That individual would be thoughtful and open to exploration and discovery of previously unknown factors that may be interfering with life. I also have a strong belief in each individual's ability to discover for oneself what fits best for him or herself. It is my job to help my patients come to recognize their ability to find what that may be.
My ideal patient would be someone who has realized that something in his or her life seems to not be working in the way that person has expected or wished for. That individual would be thoughtful and open to exploration and discovery of previously unknown factors that may be interfering with life. I also have a strong belief in each individual's ability to discover for oneself what fits best for him or herself. It is my job to help my patients come to recognize their ability to find what that may be.
(847) 562-5961 View (847) 562-5961
Photo of Raquel Wu, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Chicago, IL
Raquel Wu
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60630
I am here to give support to those who have experienced racial and gender trauma, domestic and sexual abuse victims, exploration of self-identity in all aspects, and more. I practice cultural humility in order to be able to work with different cultures and intersectionality. I aim to provide a client-centered approach which I find important in maintaining this therapeutic relationship. We will work together to make this a safe and brave space for you so that you can embark on your journey to heal.
I am here to give support to those who have experienced racial and gender trauma, domestic and sexual abuse victims, exploration of self-identity in all aspects, and more. I practice cultural humility in order to be able to work with different cultures and intersectionality. I aim to provide a client-centered approach which I find important in maintaining this therapeutic relationship. We will work together to make this a safe and brave space for you so that you can embark on your journey to heal.
(773) 692-0273 View (773) 692-0273
Photo of Brianna Boyd, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Brianna Boyd
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
Waitlist for new clients
My Clients: I work with teens and adults who are face challenges related to their mood, motivation, outlook, and relationships. Many of my clients feel overwhelmed by their responsibilities and disconnected from their communities. They strive to develop improved personal insight and coping skills that will allow them to feel more calm, capable, and connected. I prioritize providing a safe, welcoming environment where people can feel comfortable openly expressing themselves and becoming more attuned to their values, needs, and identities.
My Clients: I work with teens and adults who are face challenges related to their mood, motivation, outlook, and relationships. Many of my clients feel overwhelmed by their responsibilities and disconnected from their communities. They strive to develop improved personal insight and coping skills that will allow them to feel more calm, capable, and connected. I prioritize providing a safe, welcoming environment where people can feel comfortable openly expressing themselves and becoming more attuned to their values, needs, and identities.
(872) 985-0386 View (872) 985-0386
Photo of Alayna Samson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Alayna Samson
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
Practicing vulnerability is hard, but having someone with whom you can talk openly, question freely, and collaborate makes it easier. I believe that therapeutic change is nurtured through a relationship that is supportive, compassionate, and non-judgmental. Everyone comes to therapy with unique perspectives and experiences. Together, we can honor the unique lens through which you see the world and collaborate to decide what meaningful change looks like for you.
Practicing vulnerability is hard, but having someone with whom you can talk openly, question freely, and collaborate makes it easier. I believe that therapeutic change is nurtured through a relationship that is supportive, compassionate, and non-judgmental. Everyone comes to therapy with unique perspectives and experiences. Together, we can honor the unique lens through which you see the world and collaborate to decide what meaningful change looks like for you.
(312) 818-1076 View (312) 818-1076
Photo of Shreyas Sundar, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Shreyas Sundar
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603
We often feel misunderstood, which can perpetuate our cycles of suffering and isolate us from others. These cycles make it difficult and complicated to process our own feelings, life experiences, and relationships. Therapy is a useful tool for gaining insight into ourselves and bringing awareness to what lies underneath these cycles.
We often feel misunderstood, which can perpetuate our cycles of suffering and isolate us from others. These cycles make it difficult and complicated to process our own feelings, life experiences, and relationships. Therapy is a useful tool for gaining insight into ourselves and bringing awareness to what lies underneath these cycles.
(773) 736-6912 View (773) 736-6912
Photo of Cindy Recinos, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Cindy Recinos
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
I'm a multicultural, LGBTQIA+ affirming, sex-positive therapist. I have worked with clients to address issues of desire discrepancy, lack of emotional and physical intimacy, difficulties with orgasm, erectile dysfunction, anxiety, mood dysregulation, substance use disorder, chronic pain, somatic symptoms, and trauma-related disorders.
I'm a multicultural, LGBTQIA+ affirming, sex-positive therapist. I have worked with clients to address issues of desire discrepancy, lack of emotional and physical intimacy, difficulties with orgasm, erectile dysfunction, anxiety, mood dysregulation, substance use disorder, chronic pain, somatic symptoms, and trauma-related disorders.
(773) 906-4051 View (773) 906-4051
Photo of Sara Heidbreder (Ogawa), Counselor in Chicago, IL
Sara Heidbreder (Ogawa)
Counselor, MA, LCPC, BC-DMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60641
In a time of struggles or life transition, you may feel stuck, unsure, or overwhelmed. I believe in your resiliency being within you, sitting within your body, and I will guide you in exploring your inner power with compassion, safety, and empowerment. I value cultural humility and believe in a holistic approach that is centered on you and your experiences in our therapy sessions. I integrate collaborative insight-driven discussion and movement-based interventions, which helps me to address both your physical (body) and emotional (mind) needs in a neutral and non-judgmental manner.
In a time of struggles or life transition, you may feel stuck, unsure, or overwhelmed. I believe in your resiliency being within you, sitting within your body, and I will guide you in exploring your inner power with compassion, safety, and empowerment. I value cultural humility and believe in a holistic approach that is centered on you and your experiences in our therapy sessions. I integrate collaborative insight-driven discussion and movement-based interventions, which helps me to address both your physical (body) and emotional (mind) needs in a neutral and non-judgmental manner.
(872) 228-2272 View (872) 228-2272
Photo of Kelly M McCradic, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Kelly M McCradic
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
I utilize a trauma-informed integrated approach that tailors to the needs of each client. I support clients seeking to learn skills to develop inner strength, find self-awareness, and improve mindfulness. We will collaborate on techniques and treatment goals that allow you the freedom to begin the healing process of the body, mind, spirit, and recovery. As a veteran, I also provide support to veterans and first responders. In my experience with addiction, trauma, PTSD, and life transitions, I find that encompassing acceptance, compassion, and autonomy brings healing and improves the quality of life.
I utilize a trauma-informed integrated approach that tailors to the needs of each client. I support clients seeking to learn skills to develop inner strength, find self-awareness, and improve mindfulness. We will collaborate on techniques and treatment goals that allow you the freedom to begin the healing process of the body, mind, spirit, and recovery. As a veteran, I also provide support to veterans and first responders. In my experience with addiction, trauma, PTSD, and life transitions, I find that encompassing acceptance, compassion, and autonomy brings healing and improves the quality of life.
(847) 610-6518 View (847) 610-6518
Photo of Denise J Dozier, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Chicago, IL
Denise J Dozier
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
Life is a process of adapting to new circumstances. I became a therapist to assist people in navigating through life. As we evolve, we will be faced with various obstacles and having a safe place to process those emotions is important. My passion is for couples and teaching them how to communicate what their needs are in a relationship in a compassionate manner. I also, assist those dealing with grief, and helping to build the self esteem of men and women. My style of counseling is one of love, compassion and humor with a direct approach. I believe counseling can be as light or as heavy as you desire.
Life is a process of adapting to new circumstances. I became a therapist to assist people in navigating through life. As we evolve, we will be faced with various obstacles and having a safe place to process those emotions is important. My passion is for couples and teaching them how to communicate what their needs are in a relationship in a compassionate manner. I also, assist those dealing with grief, and helping to build the self esteem of men and women. My style of counseling is one of love, compassion and humor with a direct approach. I believe counseling can be as light or as heavy as you desire.
(312) 376-3264 View (312) 376-3264
Photo of Elizabeth D. Browning, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Elizabeth D. Browning
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60615
I am a licensed clinical social worker with more than 20 years of experience providing counseling and psychotherapy to individuals and couples. My style is interactive, exploratory and collaborative. My goal is to provide a safe and empathic environment that supports growth and change. Those who work with me tend to develop increased insight into their relational patterns and life experiences, a strengthened sense of agency and self, and new approaches to challenges in their personal and professional lives.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with more than 20 years of experience providing counseling and psychotherapy to individuals and couples. My style is interactive, exploratory and collaborative. My goal is to provide a safe and empathic environment that supports growth and change. Those who work with me tend to develop increased insight into their relational patterns and life experiences, a strengthened sense of agency and self, and new approaches to challenges in their personal and professional lives.
(773) 530-3790 View (773) 530-3790
Photo of Frances Mendelsohn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Frances Mendelsohn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60615
I am an LCSW with 27 years of clinical experience. I have worked extensively with children, adolescents and adults whose difficulties have covered the full range of behavioral, emotional and mental health issues. Boys and girls with separation issues for example, school difficulties, sleep disorders, anxiety, defiant behaviors, etc., have been successfully treated, as well as defiant out-of-control adolescents and adults with mood and/or anxiety disorders,impulse-control problems, adjustment disorders, etc. In addition, my clients have come from all ethnic backgrounds and economic levels, and include both men and women.
I am an LCSW with 27 years of clinical experience. I have worked extensively with children, adolescents and adults whose difficulties have covered the full range of behavioral, emotional and mental health issues. Boys and girls with separation issues for example, school difficulties, sleep disorders, anxiety, defiant behaviors, etc., have been successfully treated, as well as defiant out-of-control adolescents and adults with mood and/or anxiety disorders,impulse-control problems, adjustment disorders, etc. In addition, my clients have come from all ethnic backgrounds and economic levels, and include both men and women.
(773) 997-2136 View (773) 997-2136
Photo of Jean Campbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jean Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MEd
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60660
Feeling lost or invisible? Feeling overwhelmed ? Feeling alone and like nobody cares? Your feelings, needs and dreams are of primary importance in the therapeutic process. I believe that the relationship between the therapist and client must be based on mutual respect, trust, and acceptance. I have worked with clients over 20yrs. with issues such as, anxiety, depression, grief, self-identity, and conflicting relationships. I am willing to provide you with a safe, supportive space to help you explore what's meaningful to you, what you want to do with your life and how to have have fulfilling relationships.
Feeling lost or invisible? Feeling overwhelmed ? Feeling alone and like nobody cares? Your feelings, needs and dreams are of primary importance in the therapeutic process. I believe that the relationship between the therapist and client must be based on mutual respect, trust, and acceptance. I have worked with clients over 20yrs. with issues such as, anxiety, depression, grief, self-identity, and conflicting relationships. I am willing to provide you with a safe, supportive space to help you explore what's meaningful to you, what you want to do with your life and how to have have fulfilling relationships.
(224) 302-4973 View (224) 302-4973
Photo of Stephanie DiMaggio in Chicago, IL
Stephanie DiMaggio
LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients as of 01/2024! Feeling like you've been stuck in a hole and can't tell up from down. Maybe you keep telling yourself you can't feel better. Therapy is not about "fixing you." You're not broken. Therapy is a way for one to become a better version of yourself while taking the steps to live a more fulfilling and authentic life. A collaborative approach will help you feel therapy isn’t a one sided relationship because we will walk side by side together. You will be able to make the necessary changes to have a life worth living, while learning to accept yourself the way you are.
Accepting New Clients as of 01/2024! Feeling like you've been stuck in a hole and can't tell up from down. Maybe you keep telling yourself you can't feel better. Therapy is not about "fixing you." You're not broken. Therapy is a way for one to become a better version of yourself while taking the steps to live a more fulfilling and authentic life. A collaborative approach will help you feel therapy isn’t a one sided relationship because we will walk side by side together. You will be able to make the necessary changes to have a life worth living, while learning to accept yourself the way you are.
(872) 274-2797 View (872) 274-2797
Photo of The Family Institute at Northwestern University, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
The Family Institute at Northwestern University
Psychologist
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60603
Through research, education and clinical services, The Family Institute at Northwestern University is one of the nation's leading relationship-based behavioral health organizations committed to strengthening and healing the whole family system by bringing together the right partners to support children, adults, couples and families across the lifespan. As researchers, educators and therapists, we work with our clients and PARTNER TO SEE CHANGE. By weaving together 175 therapists and therapists-in-training, we create a high quality, collaborative system of behavioral health care. One that gets results.
Through research, education and clinical services, The Family Institute at Northwestern University is one of the nation's leading relationship-based behavioral health organizations committed to strengthening and healing the whole family system by bringing together the right partners to support children, adults, couples and families across the lifespan. As researchers, educators and therapists, we work with our clients and PARTNER TO SEE CHANGE. By weaving together 175 therapists and therapists-in-training, we create a high quality, collaborative system of behavioral health care. One that gets results.
(847) 733-4300 x263 View (847) 733-4300 x263
Photo of Kim Trauth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Kim Trauth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60654  (Online Only)
Hi there! My name is Kim and I am a licensed clinical social worker. I have been helping individuals deal with anxiety, mood disorders, addiction, and adjustment issues for about 5 years now. My approach tends to be supportive, empathetic, and respectful. As a counselor, I utilize an integrated approach that brings in interventions from cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness based therapy, and supportive therapy.
Hi there! My name is Kim and I am a licensed clinical social worker. I have been helping individuals deal with anxiety, mood disorders, addiction, and adjustment issues for about 5 years now. My approach tends to be supportive, empathetic, and respectful. As a counselor, I utilize an integrated approach that brings in interventions from cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness based therapy, and supportive therapy.
(815) 893-2443 View (815) 893-2443
Photo of Madeleine Winter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Madeleine Winter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60654
As a therapist, I believe whole-heartedly in the potential of every client, while honoring their unique identity and experiences. I specialize in working with teens and adults, especially those who want to explore and address anxiety, depression, OCD, relationship issues, body image, sexuality, gender, and self-acceptance. Additionally, I am certified in Pain Reprocessing Therapy, which helps to alleviate and eliminate chronic pain.
As a therapist, I believe whole-heartedly in the potential of every client, while honoring their unique identity and experiences. I specialize in working with teens and adults, especially those who want to explore and address anxiety, depression, OCD, relationship issues, body image, sexuality, gender, and self-acceptance. Additionally, I am certified in Pain Reprocessing Therapy, which helps to alleviate and eliminate chronic pain.

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.