Therapists in San Francisco, CA

View neighborhoods in San Francisco
Photo of Karyn Mendoza, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Karyn Mendoza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I came to this work with a deep desire to support others on their journey toward healing and wholehearted living. My approach is a trauma informed lens that affirms client’s culture, gender identity, and strengths. I create safe, inclusive, and warm environments that are uplifting while giving space to address the challenges that are standing in the way of living your best life.
I came to this work with a deep desire to support others on their journey toward healing and wholehearted living. My approach is a trauma informed lens that affirms client’s culture, gender identity, and strengths. I create safe, inclusive, and warm environments that are uplifting while giving space to address the challenges that are standing in the way of living your best life.
(415) 687-5672 View (415) 687-5672
Photo of Atlantide Mangin, Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Atlantide Mangin
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Atlantide Mangin is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California who has been practicing since 2015. She earned her Master of Arts in Counseling at the University of San Diego in California with a specialization in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Atlantide’s undergraduate degree is in Psychology with a minor in Sociology. Atlantide’s counseling experience includes the following specializations: trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and relationship difficulties.
Atlantide Mangin is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California who has been practicing since 2015. She earned her Master of Arts in Counseling at the University of San Diego in California with a specialization in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Atlantide’s undergraduate degree is in Psychology with a minor in Sociology. Atlantide’s counseling experience includes the following specializations: trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and relationship difficulties.
(628) 232-8516 View (628) 232-8516
Photo of Molly Paris, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Molly Paris
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
Sharing our inner experiences with someone can often feel frightening, which is exactly why I place such an importance on connection and acceptance in the therapeutic process. I aim to create a safe environment that will invite my clients to delve deeper into their personal narrative, as I truly believe we are not built to process emotions alone. As humans, we all have a propensity to grow and become our true selves, unfortunately we aren’t always gifted with the circumstances to allow it. I am passionate about creating a space for not only self-discovery and self-acceptance, but to allow clients to feel seen, heard, and valued.
Sharing our inner experiences with someone can often feel frightening, which is exactly why I place such an importance on connection and acceptance in the therapeutic process. I aim to create a safe environment that will invite my clients to delve deeper into their personal narrative, as I truly believe we are not built to process emotions alone. As humans, we all have a propensity to grow and become our true selves, unfortunately we aren’t always gifted with the circumstances to allow it. I am passionate about creating a space for not only self-discovery and self-acceptance, but to allow clients to feel seen, heard, and valued.
(415) 855-3806 View (415) 855-3806
Photo of Bradley Akin, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Bradley Akin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, BS
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Sometimes we feel anxious, depressed, ashamed, disappointed, or just plain numb because we think we should be better, faster, smarter, or simply not have these feelings at all. With the goal of moving forward in a more positive direction, relationship challenges, communication breakdowns, trauma history, substance use dependency, procrastination, fear, isolation, grief, positive expressions of anger, coming out, are just some of the things we work on in therapy. The solutions my clients seek are often found within, and I help them find them with insight, gentle nudging or sometimes with stronger, more direct interventions.
Sometimes we feel anxious, depressed, ashamed, disappointed, or just plain numb because we think we should be better, faster, smarter, or simply not have these feelings at all. With the goal of moving forward in a more positive direction, relationship challenges, communication breakdowns, trauma history, substance use dependency, procrastination, fear, isolation, grief, positive expressions of anger, coming out, are just some of the things we work on in therapy. The solutions my clients seek are often found within, and I help them find them with insight, gentle nudging or sometimes with stronger, more direct interventions.
(415) 818-1436 View (415) 818-1436
Photo of Ashley Witt, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Ashley Witt
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
I am a licensed psychologist specializing in the treatment of anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, sleep difficulties, and body-focused repetitive behaviors such as hair-pulling and skin-picking. I provide treatment approaches that have been supported by research, while tailoring treatment to the unique needs of each client. I believe that therapy works best when it is a collaborative partnership between the client and the therapist, and I work with my clients to clarify their goals and develop an individualized treatment plan.
I am a licensed psychologist specializing in the treatment of anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, sleep difficulties, and body-focused repetitive behaviors such as hair-pulling and skin-picking. I provide treatment approaches that have been supported by research, while tailoring treatment to the unique needs of each client. I believe that therapy works best when it is a collaborative partnership between the client and the therapist, and I work with my clients to clarify their goals and develop an individualized treatment plan.
(415) 741-2231 View (415) 741-2231
Photo of Camille Campbell Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Camille Campbell Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
We all have things that we are uniquely suited to do, innate talents that when developed fulfill our sense of purpose in life. Perhaps you had to bury that purpose long ago. No matter what you've been through or how old you are, transformation is possible. Therapy with me is about figuring out what you truly want to do and overcoming the internal and external obstacles to doing it.
We all have things that we are uniquely suited to do, innate talents that when developed fulfill our sense of purpose in life. Perhaps you had to bury that purpose long ago. No matter what you've been through or how old you are, transformation is possible. Therapy with me is about figuring out what you truly want to do and overcoming the internal and external obstacles to doing it.
(415) 594-4268 View (415) 594-4268
Photo of Eva Kuncewicki, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Eva Kuncewicki
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
I'm a licensed MFT who specializes in trauma, attachment issues, love addiction, and codependent relationships. As a multicultural therapist, I tailor my interventions to help clients develop specific skills to cope with difficult feelings and/or explore obstacles and underlying issues that interfere with personal fulfillment.
I'm a licensed MFT who specializes in trauma, attachment issues, love addiction, and codependent relationships. As a multicultural therapist, I tailor my interventions to help clients develop specific skills to cope with difficult feelings and/or explore obstacles and underlying issues that interfere with personal fulfillment.
(415) 634-3891 View (415) 634-3891
Photo of Dr. JM Licensed Psychologist, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. JM Licensed Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD, MSEd
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I work with unique individuals who are seemingly successful and happy but deep inside feel lost, alone, even if they are in a relationship, and often feel like they don't belong or struggle to be present in life. With expertise gathered from years of experience across borders, time zones and cultures, I dive alongside men and women into the deep ocean of darkness— including all types of diversity, in-between/intersecting identities, worldwide travelers, high-achieving/performing and creative people. I am Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) certified and was formerly a clinical supervisor and psychologist at Johns Hopkins University.
I work with unique individuals who are seemingly successful and happy but deep inside feel lost, alone, even if they are in a relationship, and often feel like they don't belong or struggle to be present in life. With expertise gathered from years of experience across borders, time zones and cultures, I dive alongside men and women into the deep ocean of darkness— including all types of diversity, in-between/intersecting identities, worldwide travelers, high-achieving/performing and creative people. I am Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) certified and was formerly a clinical supervisor and psychologist at Johns Hopkins University.
(714) 464-7616 View (714) 464-7616
Photo of Paul Dubin, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Paul Dubin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
My approach is best described as interactive, personable, nonjudgmental, and aimed at bringing about change that's both meaningful and real. I tend not to view people's issues or concerns as a form of pathology or neurosis, but rather as particular problems in living. I see each person as genuinely unique, and so avoid cookie-cutter approaches. My role is to help individuals and couples work through problems as effectively and efficiently as possible, in a way that builds confidence, self-respect, hope, and, ultimately, a fresh way of living life.
My approach is best described as interactive, personable, nonjudgmental, and aimed at bringing about change that's both meaningful and real. I tend not to view people's issues or concerns as a form of pathology or neurosis, but rather as particular problems in living. I see each person as genuinely unique, and so avoid cookie-cutter approaches. My role is to help individuals and couples work through problems as effectively and efficiently as possible, in a way that builds confidence, self-respect, hope, and, ultimately, a fresh way of living life.
(415) 234-7599 View (415) 234-7599
Photo of Whitney Clarke, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Whitney Clarke
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
It can be a relief to know that the aspects of ourselves that challenge our patience and understanding were once helpful to us; and like many aspects of life, can change and adapt. I am a firm believer that our struggles can, and often are trying to tell us something that deserves our attention and understanding. Therapy can transform our experience of ourselves and of the world we live in; from rigidity to vital resilience in a world that is full of opportunity. A good fit is important, so call for a consultation and we can take it from there.
It can be a relief to know that the aspects of ourselves that challenge our patience and understanding were once helpful to us; and like many aspects of life, can change and adapt. I am a firm believer that our struggles can, and often are trying to tell us something that deserves our attention and understanding. Therapy can transform our experience of ourselves and of the world we live in; from rigidity to vital resilience in a world that is full of opportunity. A good fit is important, so call for a consultation and we can take it from there.
(415) 980-4462 View (415) 980-4462
Photo of Paola Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Paola Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Using the words of a mentor, "Witnessing another is one of the most profound acts of kindness and healing possible." My deep belief, rooted in both my practice as a therapist and in my experience healing my own trauma, is that our brains and bodies have the innate ability to heal from trauma when provided with a safe enough space to connect to and experience our internal world. As human beings, we are neurobiologically wired to be in relationships with others. therapy, I take a person-centered approach—you’ll get a chance to share all of your feelings and be heard and understood.
Using the words of a mentor, "Witnessing another is one of the most profound acts of kindness and healing possible." My deep belief, rooted in both my practice as a therapist and in my experience healing my own trauma, is that our brains and bodies have the innate ability to heal from trauma when provided with a safe enough space to connect to and experience our internal world. As human beings, we are neurobiologically wired to be in relationships with others. therapy, I take a person-centered approach—you’ll get a chance to share all of your feelings and be heard and understood.
(415) 358-1568 View (415) 358-1568
Photo of Hollie Hannan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Hollie Hannan
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
If change were as simple as Cher telling Nicholas Cage in Moonstruck to "Snap out of it!" there would be no need for therapists. While experiencing pain is difficult, it is often a catalyst for growth. As a licensed Therapist for 18 years, I specialize in helping people heal their emotional injuries and move through the "stuck" places that prevent them from living fuller and more meaningful lives. Resilience increases by working through challenges.
If change were as simple as Cher telling Nicholas Cage in Moonstruck to "Snap out of it!" there would be no need for therapists. While experiencing pain is difficult, it is often a catalyst for growth. As a licensed Therapist for 18 years, I specialize in helping people heal their emotional injuries and move through the "stuck" places that prevent them from living fuller and more meaningful lives. Resilience increases by working through challenges.
(415) 800-4665 View (415) 800-4665
Photo of Corey Datz-Greenberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Corey Datz-Greenberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Welcome! I'm always struck by how therapy helps us unstick. It's worth it. We just weren't meant to solve all our problems alone. In our work, I'll meet you where you're at, at your pace. Together, we'll create the space where you feel safe to share, solutions can emerge, and you can know yourself better. The skills I bring help things shift over time, combining present listening with eliciting and sharing insights. And while I'll bring my own perspectives, I also welcome pushback. This is a collaborative project. I work with people 1-3x/week.
Welcome! I'm always struck by how therapy helps us unstick. It's worth it. We just weren't meant to solve all our problems alone. In our work, I'll meet you where you're at, at your pace. Together, we'll create the space where you feel safe to share, solutions can emerge, and you can know yourself better. The skills I bring help things shift over time, combining present listening with eliciting and sharing insights. And while I'll bring my own perspectives, I also welcome pushback. This is a collaborative project. I work with people 1-3x/week.
(415) 301-3508 View (415) 301-3508
Photo of Ghazal Karimpour, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Ghazal Karimpour
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Moving closer to a balanced and whole state of mind is the main goal of talk therapy. In a trusting and collaborative environment, you are given the chance to remove obstacles on the way of reaching your full potential for personal growth and improved mental health. Also, through conversation with an objective and trained individual, you will be able to understand the complexities of your mind, making your unknown known. In addition to working with adults, one of my main focuses is individual and family psychotherapy with adolescents dealing with issues such as identity formation and relationship building.
Moving closer to a balanced and whole state of mind is the main goal of talk therapy. In a trusting and collaborative environment, you are given the chance to remove obstacles on the way of reaching your full potential for personal growth and improved mental health. Also, through conversation with an objective and trained individual, you will be able to understand the complexities of your mind, making your unknown known. In addition to working with adults, one of my main focuses is individual and family psychotherapy with adolescents dealing with issues such as identity formation and relationship building.
(415) 687-3466 View (415) 687-3466
Photo of Cindy Herrera, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Cindy Herrera
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94108
Do you "have it all" but feel unsatisfied? We live in an era where we grew up being told we could have everything we wanted and many of us had the pressure to "succeed" for our parents/families dreams, however, we are quickly realizing that having everything does not bring us lasting joy and instead burns us out. I am here to help individuals minimize their life to invest their time and energy into what truly matters. When working with me, you’ll find that my style is exploratory and extremely action-oriented while being genuine, honest, and humorous.
Do you "have it all" but feel unsatisfied? We live in an era where we grew up being told we could have everything we wanted and many of us had the pressure to "succeed" for our parents/families dreams, however, we are quickly realizing that having everything does not bring us lasting joy and instead burns us out. I am here to help individuals minimize their life to invest their time and energy into what truly matters. When working with me, you’ll find that my style is exploratory and extremely action-oriented while being genuine, honest, and humorous.
(415) 688-6190 View (415) 688-6190
Photo of Tina Smelser MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Tina Smelser MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
Often, much of the suffering a person experiences comes from difficulties in relationships; with others and with oneself. With compassion and understanding, I can help you explore what gets in the way of having satisfying relationships. As part of that process, we can look at ways to communicate more effectively. I have special interest and experience in working with people from different cultural backgrounds, of mixed cultural backgrounds, or in cross-cultural relationships. I have worked with many clients who are adult children of alcoholics, and understand the challenges of such an upbringing. I work with individual adults and couples.
Often, much of the suffering a person experiences comes from difficulties in relationships; with others and with oneself. With compassion and understanding, I can help you explore what gets in the way of having satisfying relationships. As part of that process, we can look at ways to communicate more effectively. I have special interest and experience in working with people from different cultural backgrounds, of mixed cultural backgrounds, or in cross-cultural relationships. I have worked with many clients who are adult children of alcoholics, and understand the challenges of such an upbringing. I work with individual adults and couples.
(415) 663-2971 View (415) 663-2971
Photo of Cherise Arzaga, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Cherise Arzaga
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, 74795
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Are you a driven person yet having difficulties managing your relationships, work stress, and family life? Are you feeling anxious or depressed? Do you need help getting through a traumatic event? Are you feeling like you’ve exhausted all your coping skills and nothing seems to work? From a trauma informed and attachment-based lens we will explore your core issues and help you improve your mental health and emotional well-being. You can heal from past trauma, learn to regulate your emotions, lift your mood, and communicate effectively. Together we'll work through unresolved feelings and patterns to live a more authentic life now.
Are you a driven person yet having difficulties managing your relationships, work stress, and family life? Are you feeling anxious or depressed? Do you need help getting through a traumatic event? Are you feeling like you’ve exhausted all your coping skills and nothing seems to work? From a trauma informed and attachment-based lens we will explore your core issues and help you improve your mental health and emotional well-being. You can heal from past trauma, learn to regulate your emotions, lift your mood, and communicate effectively. Together we'll work through unresolved feelings and patterns to live a more authentic life now.
(415) 619-5433 View (415) 619-5433
Photo of Sarah Dunn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sarah Dunn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
There are many things that draw us to therapy. Some arrive struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or career uncertainty. Others have difficulty managing  the roller coaster of emotions inherent in the journey of becoming a parent, while some experience a more general or vague sense of distress. Whatever your goals and challenges, I welcome the opportunity to see whether I may be a good fit for your journey.
There are many things that draw us to therapy. Some arrive struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or career uncertainty. Others have difficulty managing  the roller coaster of emotions inherent in the journey of becoming a parent, while some experience a more general or vague sense of distress. Whatever your goals and challenges, I welcome the opportunity to see whether I may be a good fit for your journey.
(628) 200-3716 View (628) 200-3716
Photo of Elly Lin, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Elly Lin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
I believe that healing and growth are inherent functions of the psyche. Within the containment of a warm, compassionate and collaborative therapeutic relationship, I encourage and cultivate the emergence of these functions in my clients that can lead to positive change or even profound personal transformation. It is crucial to explore difficult feelings and thoughts in this process. In my experience, while these thoughts and feelings can lead to psychological symptoms when avoided and pushed into the unconscious, they hold great potential for change when experienced, confronted and reflected upon in a safe setting.
I believe that healing and growth are inherent functions of the psyche. Within the containment of a warm, compassionate and collaborative therapeutic relationship, I encourage and cultivate the emergence of these functions in my clients that can lead to positive change or even profound personal transformation. It is crucial to explore difficult feelings and thoughts in this process. In my experience, while these thoughts and feelings can lead to psychological symptoms when avoided and pushed into the unconscious, they hold great potential for change when experienced, confronted and reflected upon in a safe setting.
(415) 868-4849 View (415) 868-4849
Photo of Sonia Bello, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sonia Bello
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
I am a bilingual bicultural Marriage & Family Therapist in the field of mental health for over 13 years. In my practice, I strive to provide a safe, nurturing, and supportive environment for individuals to explore and grow in desired areas. I work from a strength-based approach and I am passionate about empowering individuals and families to reach their full potential.
I am a bilingual bicultural Marriage & Family Therapist in the field of mental health for over 13 years. In my practice, I strive to provide a safe, nurturing, and supportive environment for individuals to explore and grow in desired areas. I work from a strength-based approach and I am passionate about empowering individuals and families to reach their full potential.
(415) 234-1637 View (415) 234-1637

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.