Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

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Photo of Dr. John Carosso, Psy.D., Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Dr. John Carosso, Psy.D.
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
Dr. John Carosso is a child psychologist and school psychologist who specializes in the evaluation and treatment of children with ADHD, autism, behavioral and learning issues, anxiety, depression, and trauma. He can be seen in offices in the North Hills and South Hills, Monroeville, Pittsburgh, Greensburg, and surrounding areas. Check out his websites at autismcenterofpittsburgh.com and cpcwecare.com.
Dr. John Carosso is a child psychologist and school psychologist who specializes in the evaluation and treatment of children with ADHD, autism, behavioral and learning issues, anxiety, depression, and trauma. He can be seen in offices in the North Hills and South Hills, Monroeville, Pittsburgh, Greensburg, and surrounding areas. Check out his websites at autismcenterofpittsburgh.com and cpcwecare.com.
(724) 897-6422 View (724) 897-6422
Photo of Julie Barry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Julie Barry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Hey there! Certified in perinatal mental health and deeply passionate about supporting women through all stages of life, including fertility challenges, parenting issues, and navigating racial and workplace trauma. Feeling stuck? Wondering why you keep repeating the same patterns or behaviors? Struggling with troubling memories or barriers that are holding you back from finding stability in relationships? Let's tackle these obstacles together! My goal is to empower you to strengthen your focus and deepen your understanding of yourself. Because once we have that clarity, we can create the life you truly want.
Hey there! Certified in perinatal mental health and deeply passionate about supporting women through all stages of life, including fertility challenges, parenting issues, and navigating racial and workplace trauma. Feeling stuck? Wondering why you keep repeating the same patterns or behaviors? Struggling with troubling memories or barriers that are holding you back from finding stability in relationships? Let's tackle these obstacles together! My goal is to empower you to strengthen your focus and deepen your understanding of yourself. Because once we have that clarity, we can create the life you truly want.
(814) 929-3322 View (814) 929-3322
Photo of Jess Levick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Jess Levick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15208
Waitlist for new clients
We are wired for growth, for healing, and for connection. All of us have an in-built, innate capacity to weather changes, recover from/with pain and loss, and find balance and meaning in our worlds amidst difficulty and change. And still, we can encounter real barriers to living in connection with our strengths. Sometimes habitual thoughts, painful emotions, ineffective patterns of behavior, or stressors, losses and traumas that we meet without the support or stability needed to move through - such challenges can leave us depleted and distrustful of our own capacity for well-being and connection.
We are wired for growth, for healing, and for connection. All of us have an in-built, innate capacity to weather changes, recover from/with pain and loss, and find balance and meaning in our worlds amidst difficulty and change. And still, we can encounter real barriers to living in connection with our strengths. Sometimes habitual thoughts, painful emotions, ineffective patterns of behavior, or stressors, losses and traumas that we meet without the support or stability needed to move through - such challenges can leave us depleted and distrustful of our own capacity for well-being and connection.
(878) 213-4684 View (878) 213-4684
Photo of Dr Laura Kessler Psychologist, LLC, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Dr Laura Kessler Psychologist, LLC
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Waitlist for new clients
I strive to help clients understand their needs, issues, and suffering in the unique context of their lives. One person's symptoms may look and be caused by something very different than another's, requiring a deeper treatment approach than "generic textbook." I help clients to gain insight into the root causes of their distress so that they can work through rather than around their core issues. I help clients to understand what normal and healthy responses are to trauma (e.g., systems of oppression, grief, abuse) so that clients can externalize (e.g., not hold themselves responsible for) what they did not cause.
I strive to help clients understand their needs, issues, and suffering in the unique context of their lives. One person's symptoms may look and be caused by something very different than another's, requiring a deeper treatment approach than "generic textbook." I help clients to gain insight into the root causes of their distress so that they can work through rather than around their core issues. I help clients to understand what normal and healthy responses are to trauma (e.g., systems of oppression, grief, abuse) so that clients can externalize (e.g., not hold themselves responsible for) what they did not cause.
(412) 207-3414 View (412) 207-3414
Photo of Lockard Counseling and Consulting LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Lockard Counseling and Consulting LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, CCMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15241  (Online Only)
That way that you are feeling – overwhelmed, difficulty sleeping, overthinking everything and decreased motivation… I’m happy to tell you, you don’t have to feel that way forever. I want to help you solve your problems and achieve your goals in life in a way that allows you to enjoy the process of becoming and having your voice heard. I understand that the idea of therapy can seem scary and I hope to show you that it doesn’t have to be.
That way that you are feeling – overwhelmed, difficulty sleeping, overthinking everything and decreased motivation… I’m happy to tell you, you don’t have to feel that way forever. I want to help you solve your problems and achieve your goals in life in a way that allows you to enjoy the process of becoming and having your voice heard. I understand that the idea of therapy can seem scary and I hope to show you that it doesn’t have to be.
(412) 313-0958 View (412) 313-0958
Photo of Haley Faragher, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Haley Faragher
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206  (Online Only)
You may have come across my bio as you are considering therapy. It can feel scary and out of our comfort zones to ask for help, but I commend you for doing so. I strive to make therapy a safe space where you feel supported to learn about yourself and grow/heal in any way you find necessary. I like to approach the counseling relationship from a warm, empathetic, non-judgmental, and understanding viewpoint. I understand that trauma impacts us all differently, thus I strive to keep things relaxed and I am mindful to operate through a trauma-informed lens as we all come from different walks of life with various life experiences.
You may have come across my bio as you are considering therapy. It can feel scary and out of our comfort zones to ask for help, but I commend you for doing so. I strive to make therapy a safe space where you feel supported to learn about yourself and grow/heal in any way you find necessary. I like to approach the counseling relationship from a warm, empathetic, non-judgmental, and understanding viewpoint. I understand that trauma impacts us all differently, thus I strive to keep things relaxed and I am mindful to operate through a trauma-informed lens as we all come from different walks of life with various life experiences.
(412) 819-1797 View (412) 819-1797
Photo of Ascend Integrative Counseling & Holistic Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Ascend Integrative Counseling & Holistic Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15212
Things may get overwhelming and a person may need to explore ways to manage a particular stressor. Another may desire to work on long-term challenges, emotions, or relationship concerns. Ascend therapists have worked with children, adolescents, adults and the elderly in both medical and therapeutic settings in the Pittsburgh area, over the past 27 years. We utilize a strength-based perspective that recognizes and seeks to ignite the inner strength that each individual possesses. We customize and personalize your services to facilitate an increase in mood, functioning, and well-being; to take you to a higher level.
Things may get overwhelming and a person may need to explore ways to manage a particular stressor. Another may desire to work on long-term challenges, emotions, or relationship concerns. Ascend therapists have worked with children, adolescents, adults and the elderly in both medical and therapeutic settings in the Pittsburgh area, over the past 27 years. We utilize a strength-based perspective that recognizes and seeks to ignite the inner strength that each individual possesses. We customize and personalize your services to facilitate an increase in mood, functioning, and well-being; to take you to a higher level.
(412) 903-3244 View (412) 903-3244
Photo of Siobhan Sickels: Brainspotting Therapist, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Siobhan Sickels: Brainspotting Therapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Waitlist for new clients
Do you struggle with anxiety or imposter syndrome? Or how about perfectionism or relationship struggles? On the surface, everything seems sound, yet beneath the exterior lies a persistent battle w/ anxiety and self-doubt. Maybe you are unable to articulate emotions, feel a lack of joy despite having a full life. Or maybe you have abandoned self-interests due to helping everyone around you. But you are here because you have reached a pivotal moment of self-awareness and readiness for change. You have a willingness and openness to exploring vulnerability and addressing deep-seated issues, if so- we should talk!
Do you struggle with anxiety or imposter syndrome? Or how about perfectionism or relationship struggles? On the surface, everything seems sound, yet beneath the exterior lies a persistent battle w/ anxiety and self-doubt. Maybe you are unable to articulate emotions, feel a lack of joy despite having a full life. Or maybe you have abandoned self-interests due to helping everyone around you. But you are here because you have reached a pivotal moment of self-awareness and readiness for change. You have a willingness and openness to exploring vulnerability and addressing deep-seated issues, if so- we should talk!
(412) 214-8843 View (412) 214-8843
Photo of Alexandra Mattina, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Alexandra Mattina
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RYT
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
Throughout my 10 years working in mental health, I have learned how important it is to our healing to be connected in heart and body. I believe building a better understanding of this mind-body connection and the impact it can have on both our physical and mental health is critical in symptom management, emotional regulation, stress management, overall health and wellness, and navigating our everyday life in this world.
Throughout my 10 years working in mental health, I have learned how important it is to our healing to be connected in heart and body. I believe building a better understanding of this mind-body connection and the impact it can have on both our physical and mental health is critical in symptom management, emotional regulation, stress management, overall health and wellness, and navigating our everyday life in this world.
(878) 309-6884 View (878) 309-6884
Photo of Lea Denlinger, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Lea Denlinger
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
I am dedicated to helping my clients overcome challenges, find healing, and lead meaningful and satisfying lives through the power of safe connections and therapeutic support. I welcome individuals, couples, and families into my therapy room to help them address difficult patterns and thrive in their lives.
I am dedicated to helping my clients overcome challenges, find healing, and lead meaningful and satisfying lives through the power of safe connections and therapeutic support. I welcome individuals, couples, and families into my therapy room to help them address difficult patterns and thrive in their lives.
(412) 743-9145 View (412) 743-9145
Photo of Michelle B Kassahun, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Michelle B Kassahun
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCBT
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor honored with over 20 years of experience working with individuals with various mood and mental health concerns. I'm trained as a Gestalt and Cognitive Behavior Therapist. Additionally, I hold certifications in both Brainspotting and the Safe and Sound Protocol (Polyvagal theory), which are mindfulness reprocessing tools used to heal trauma and promote emotional regulation. I integrate both evidence-based practice as well as holistic functional care to meet your individual needs and facilitate positive growth. I look forward to hearing from you and supporting you during your healing journey!
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor honored with over 20 years of experience working with individuals with various mood and mental health concerns. I'm trained as a Gestalt and Cognitive Behavior Therapist. Additionally, I hold certifications in both Brainspotting and the Safe and Sound Protocol (Polyvagal theory), which are mindfulness reprocessing tools used to heal trauma and promote emotional regulation. I integrate both evidence-based practice as well as holistic functional care to meet your individual needs and facilitate positive growth. I look forward to hearing from you and supporting you during your healing journey!
(717) 833-6210 View (717) 833-6210
Photo of Mareena Story, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Mareena Story
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Waitlist for new clients
Life is a journey filled with twists and turns, and sometimes we find ourselves facing challenges that seem overwhelming. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I am here to offer you a safe and supportive space where we can explore these challenges together, fostering personal growth and empowerment.
Life is a journey filled with twists and turns, and sometimes we find ourselves facing challenges that seem overwhelming. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I am here to offer you a safe and supportive space where we can explore these challenges together, fostering personal growth and empowerment.
(412) 981-2828 View (412) 981-2828
Photo of Martine Saul (Sheherhers), Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Martine Saul (Sheherhers)
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSCP, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
Martine Saul is a licensed professional counselor with a B.A. in Psychology from Point Park University and a M.S. in Counseling Psychology from Chatham University. Her graduate field placements all took place within hospice and palliative care facilities, and she therefore, has experience and interest working with hospice patients as well doing bereavement, grief and loss counseling with those patients and their loved ones. Martine currently works full-time as a therapist in Private Practice. She has earned her certificate in Gerontology from the University of Pittsburgh. She is also trained in EMDR for trauma-informed care.
Martine Saul is a licensed professional counselor with a B.A. in Psychology from Point Park University and a M.S. in Counseling Psychology from Chatham University. Her graduate field placements all took place within hospice and palliative care facilities, and she therefore, has experience and interest working with hospice patients as well doing bereavement, grief and loss counseling with those patients and their loved ones. Martine currently works full-time as a therapist in Private Practice. She has earned her certificate in Gerontology from the University of Pittsburgh. She is also trained in EMDR for trauma-informed care.
(412) 532-4602 View (412) 532-4602
Photo of Molly Johnston, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Molly Johnston
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15235  (Online Only)
I think that therapy doesn’t have to be complicated. As a client you can expect to highlight your strengths, speak to your individual experience in a non-judgmental environment, receive unconditional support from someone you trust, and learn new ways to lessen your pain. Therapy is a wonderfully transformative venture, where two people collaborate on how to navigate the human experience. My approach is strengths-based, person-first, and multifaceted to meet your specific needs.
I think that therapy doesn’t have to be complicated. As a client you can expect to highlight your strengths, speak to your individual experience in a non-judgmental environment, receive unconditional support from someone you trust, and learn new ways to lessen your pain. Therapy is a wonderfully transformative venture, where two people collaborate on how to navigate the human experience. My approach is strengths-based, person-first, and multifaceted to meet your specific needs.
(412) 946-0951 View (412) 946-0951
Photo of Jeff Johnston, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Jeff Johnston
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Hello! I'm actively looking for clients to encourage and support building a better tomorrow! I want to help YOU invest in YOU! No issues are too big or too small. I'm ready to work with you to find the answer to your questions such as: "How can I be happy?" How do I stop suffering?" "Where do I go from here?"
Hello! I'm actively looking for clients to encourage and support building a better tomorrow! I want to help YOU invest in YOU! No issues are too big or too small. I'm ready to work with you to find the answer to your questions such as: "How can I be happy?" How do I stop suffering?" "Where do I go from here?"
(412) 604-7989 View (412) 604-7989
Photo of Madison Krull, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Madison Krull
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
INSTANT availability for Aetna and self-pay clients! Are the ups and downs of life too much to handle all at once? Are your relationships suffering as a result? I strive to create a comfortable, nonjudgmental, and collaborative space where you can openly be yourself. I will show up to each session exuding curiosity, empathy, respect, and humor. Together we will understand and navigate the struggles or mental health challenges that no longer serve you. In tandem, we will develop insight, strategies, and skills to help you navigate your life with meaning and authenticity.
INSTANT availability for Aetna and self-pay clients! Are the ups and downs of life too much to handle all at once? Are your relationships suffering as a result? I strive to create a comfortable, nonjudgmental, and collaborative space where you can openly be yourself. I will show up to each session exuding curiosity, empathy, respect, and humor. Together we will understand and navigate the struggles or mental health challenges that no longer serve you. In tandem, we will develop insight, strategies, and skills to help you navigate your life with meaning and authenticity.
(412) 910-2994 View (412) 910-2994
Dr. Peggy J. Ott
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15232
The nature of psychological services to you will depend on your needs. First and foremost, it is important to see if we can establish a good working relationship as it is the best predictor of a good outcome. Your treatment will involve a collaborative effort and will require active work from both of us. My general orientation is psychodynamic. In brief, this type of work involves seeing how past family of origin and developmental factors might be affecting the issues that bring you into therapy and be impinging on your ability to have a more satisfying life.
The nature of psychological services to you will depend on your needs. First and foremost, it is important to see if we can establish a good working relationship as it is the best predictor of a good outcome. Your treatment will involve a collaborative effort and will require active work from both of us. My general orientation is psychodynamic. In brief, this type of work involves seeing how past family of origin and developmental factors might be affecting the issues that bring you into therapy and be impinging on your ability to have a more satisfying life.
(412) 693-6394 View (412) 693-6394
Photo of Adrienne Bernardina, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Adrienne Bernardina
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
I have experience working with individual adults, adolescents and children, couples and families. I provide a safe and comfortable environment in which you can explore your feelings and develop self-awareness of your perspectives and insight into your motives and fears. I help you with feelings of depression and anxiety due to relationship issues-between individuals or within a family, life changes or loss. Together we can uncover unresolved issues from past experiences or trauma which often impact present behaviors and feelings.
I have experience working with individual adults, adolescents and children, couples and families. I provide a safe and comfortable environment in which you can explore your feelings and develop self-awareness of your perspectives and insight into your motives and fears. I help you with feelings of depression and anxiety due to relationship issues-between individuals or within a family, life changes or loss. Together we can uncover unresolved issues from past experiences or trauma which often impact present behaviors and feelings.
(412) 228-0368 View (412) 228-0368
Photo of Danny Churchill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Danny Churchill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15241
I am a licensed clinical social worker with my master’s degree in social work from the University of Pittsburgh. I have several years of experience working with teens and adults in both private practice and community settings addressing concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, addiction, and relationship issues. I use an eclectic approach with a blend of techniques from cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and acceptance and commitment therapy. I am also an EMDR-trained provider.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with my master’s degree in social work from the University of Pittsburgh. I have several years of experience working with teens and adults in both private practice and community settings addressing concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, addiction, and relationship issues. I use an eclectic approach with a blend of techniques from cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and acceptance and commitment therapy. I am also an EMDR-trained provider.
(412) 501-4973 View (412) 501-4973
Photo of Erica Vaughn Strasser, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Erica Vaughn Strasser
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15205  (Online Only)
Hello! I am a licensed professional psychotherapist with a specialty in addiction, substance use disorder, codependency, healing after divorce, women's issues, and wellness. I meet my clients where they are and then build on their strengths in order to help them achieve their goals. Healing takes time and patience, but it doesn't need to also be lonely. I am here as your therapist to help you get back on a path to a thriving successful life!
Hello! I am a licensed professional psychotherapist with a specialty in addiction, substance use disorder, codependency, healing after divorce, women's issues, and wellness. I meet my clients where they are and then build on their strengths in order to help them achieve their goals. Healing takes time and patience, but it doesn't need to also be lonely. I am here as your therapist to help you get back on a path to a thriving successful life!
(412) 960-8674 View (412) 960-8674

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.