Therapists in Reno, NV

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Photo of Jennifer Grimes-Vawters, Counselor in Reno, NV
Jennifer Grimes-Vawters
Counselor, PhD, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89519
Not accepting new clients
Thank you for visiting my profile! My name is Jennifer Grimes-Vawters Ph.D. and I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor. Change can be difficult for many and having supportive people around as we grow and change is important. I would like to be a support to help you though the process of identifying your struggles and create solutions to get you to where you would like to be.
Thank you for visiting my profile! My name is Jennifer Grimes-Vawters Ph.D. and I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor. Change can be difficult for many and having supportive people around as we grow and change is important. I would like to be a support to help you though the process of identifying your struggles and create solutions to get you to where you would like to be.
(775) 372-4068 View (775) 372-4068
Photo of Xochitl Salinas, Pre-Licensed Professional in Reno, NV
Xochitl Salinas
Pre-Licensed Professional, CSW-I
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89511
As an indigenous woman I have a unique perspective into issues impacting marginalized individuals. I understand the impacts generational traumas, adverse environments, and adverse life experiences can have on mental wellbeing. I can offer a safe space for clients to gain insight into the factors influencing their mental health. I can provide non judgmental support and empathy through the helping process.
As an indigenous woman I have a unique perspective into issues impacting marginalized individuals. I understand the impacts generational traumas, adverse environments, and adverse life experiences can have on mental wellbeing. I can offer a safe space for clients to gain insight into the factors influencing their mental health. I can provide non judgmental support and empathy through the helping process.
(775) 452-4119 View (775) 452-4119
Photo of Colin Chisholm, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Colin Chisholm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MFA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509
The poet Mary Oliver writes, "Tell me, what is it you plan to do with your one wild and precious life?" This comes close to summing up my approach to life and to therapy. People who come to therapy are yearning for real growth and change, and my goal is to help them get there. I use an integrative, mindfulness-based approach to address a wide range of clients and issues. My goal is for every person who walks through my door to leave feeling more whole, hopeful, and healthy than when he or she arrived.
The poet Mary Oliver writes, "Tell me, what is it you plan to do with your one wild and precious life?" This comes close to summing up my approach to life and to therapy. People who come to therapy are yearning for real growth and change, and my goal is to help them get there. I use an integrative, mindfulness-based approach to address a wide range of clients and issues. My goal is for every person who walks through my door to leave feeling more whole, hopeful, and healthy than when he or she arrived.
(775) 835-4828 View (775) 835-4828
Photo of Inner Journeys Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Inner Journeys Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89511
We are all on a journey in life.Family, work, relationships, marriage, kids...need I say more? There are times in life when we feel stressed beyond repair, helpless, maybe even hopeless. During these difficult times it can be hard to ask for help. If you make the first step, I'll come along side of you and aid in your your journey towards health, balance, and happiness. I assist individuals, couples, families, and children through difficult situations with understanding, acceptance, and with genuine caring. I will collaborate with you to help guide your journey, as we work together to find health and wellness.
We are all on a journey in life.Family, work, relationships, marriage, kids...need I say more? There are times in life when we feel stressed beyond repair, helpless, maybe even hopeless. During these difficult times it can be hard to ask for help. If you make the first step, I'll come along side of you and aid in your your journey towards health, balance, and happiness. I assist individuals, couples, families, and children through difficult situations with understanding, acceptance, and with genuine caring. I will collaborate with you to help guide your journey, as we work together to find health and wellness.
(775) 319-4550 View (775) 319-4550
Photo of Melanie Wilkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Melanie Wilkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89511
Welcome and congratulations on taking that very first step in seeking help. In this moment you may be feeling stuck or hopeless, maybe you have tried and tried and just can’t seem to get unstuck. Maybe you just had the same argument with your teenager, partner or coparent for the hundredth time and are feeling discouraged and defeated. Maybe you keep hearing about old trauma on social media and are wondering what that is all about. Maybe you are pregnant or in your first year post partum and are struggling to cope and manage it all. Whatever it is for you, I look forward to collaborating with you to find hope solutions and healing.
Welcome and congratulations on taking that very first step in seeking help. In this moment you may be feeling stuck or hopeless, maybe you have tried and tried and just can’t seem to get unstuck. Maybe you just had the same argument with your teenager, partner or coparent for the hundredth time and are feeling discouraged and defeated. Maybe you keep hearing about old trauma on social media and are wondering what that is all about. Maybe you are pregnant or in your first year post partum and are struggling to cope and manage it all. Whatever it is for you, I look forward to collaborating with you to find hope solutions and healing.
(775) 251-9126 View (775) 251-9126
Photo of Leslie Delacruz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Leslie Delacruz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509
Waitlist for new clients
I've always believed that my own life's journey and experiences have uniquely prepared me in my desire to help others. I am passionate about working with survivors of trauma. I believe each of us has within us, the ability to heal and grow from any difficulty life hands us. Sometimes we just need the guidance of a caring and competent therapist to carry us through. We all desire to feel safe, seen, and supported when we are our most vulnerable selves. My hope is to provide this kind of therapeutic alliance with my clients. One where the client knows best and I am but a trusted ally on their journey toward better health.
I've always believed that my own life's journey and experiences have uniquely prepared me in my desire to help others. I am passionate about working with survivors of trauma. I believe each of us has within us, the ability to heal and grow from any difficulty life hands us. Sometimes we just need the guidance of a caring and competent therapist to carry us through. We all desire to feel safe, seen, and supported when we are our most vulnerable selves. My hope is to provide this kind of therapeutic alliance with my clients. One where the client knows best and I am but a trusted ally on their journey toward better health.
(775) 380-8978 View (775) 380-8978
Photo of Omar Ramirez, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Reno, NV
Omar Ramirez
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MFT-I
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89509
Mental health care can be as simple as having a space to voice your thoughts or can be as complex as engaging in serious trauma work. I want to offer individuals and couples the opportunity to identify strengths and solutions in a safe and comfortable environment while also alleviating any obstacles along the way.
Mental health care can be as simple as having a space to voice your thoughts or can be as complex as engaging in serious trauma work. I want to offer individuals and couples the opportunity to identify strengths and solutions in a safe and comfortable environment while also alleviating any obstacles along the way.
(775) 377-7103 View (775) 377-7103
Photo of Patrick Gregory Tanner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Patrick Gregory Tanner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, MFT , LADC
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89501
We offer SOCIAL DISTANCE THERAPY(nature walk and talk outdoor one-on-one counseling) . Right now, we are missing meaningful social connections and we suffer in isolation . We can always better ourselves. If you have an interest benefiting from a unique counseling that includes processing challenges and brisk exercise walking through the beautiful nature of the Truckee River-walk District, you will enjoy this therapy. Walk and talk therapy is a healthy form of self care that can lead you to balance and equilibrium during these trying times. Together, we can help turn an wicked problem into a manageable challenge.
We offer SOCIAL DISTANCE THERAPY(nature walk and talk outdoor one-on-one counseling) . Right now, we are missing meaningful social connections and we suffer in isolation . We can always better ourselves. If you have an interest benefiting from a unique counseling that includes processing challenges and brisk exercise walking through the beautiful nature of the Truckee River-walk District, you will enjoy this therapy. Walk and talk therapy is a healthy form of self care that can lead you to balance and equilibrium during these trying times. Together, we can help turn an wicked problem into a manageable challenge.
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Photo of Dr. Gabriela Olavarrieta, Psychologist in Reno, NV
Dr. Gabriela Olavarrieta
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89502
I provide psychological services for children and adolescents, such as neuropsychological evaluations for neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., ADHD, Specific Learning Disorders, such as dyslexia) and psychotherapy for trauma, depression, anxiety, behavioral difficulties, and more. I utilize Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) to inform a highly individualized and integrated approach tailored to each child's needs that teaches healthy coping skills (i.e., effective communication skills, relaxation techniques) to replace unhealthy coping skills (i.e., shutting down, screaming) helping them feel in control over their behaviors and feelings.
I provide psychological services for children and adolescents, such as neuropsychological evaluations for neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., ADHD, Specific Learning Disorders, such as dyslexia) and psychotherapy for trauma, depression, anxiety, behavioral difficulties, and more. I utilize Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) to inform a highly individualized and integrated approach tailored to each child's needs that teaches healthy coping skills (i.e., effective communication skills, relaxation techniques) to replace unhealthy coping skills (i.e., shutting down, screaming) helping them feel in control over their behaviors and feelings.
(775) 402-8273 View (775) 402-8273
Photo of Kristin Moore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Kristin Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509
Life isn’t always easy. Sometimes, even the strongest people amongst us need a little bit of help to work through some of life’s more challenging problems. Everyone has battles to fight and hurdles to overcome at some point. Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, or any other issue, you should know that there is hope for a better tomorrow.
Life isn’t always easy. Sometimes, even the strongest people amongst us need a little bit of help to work through some of life’s more challenging problems. Everyone has battles to fight and hurdles to overcome at some point. Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, or any other issue, you should know that there is hope for a better tomorrow.
(775) 204-8541 View (775) 204-8541
Photo of Becky Ermann, Counselor in Reno, NV
Becky Ermann
Counselor, LCPC, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89501
Are you facing difficulties within your family? Struggling to bridge the communication gap between parents and children? I'm here to offer effective solutions. Using the power of play, I guide families through the process of problem-solving and growth, helping you discover new paths toward harmony and understanding. I have experience and training in providing therapy for individuals of all ages who have symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma responses and grief.
Are you facing difficulties within your family? Struggling to bridge the communication gap between parents and children? I'm here to offer effective solutions. Using the power of play, I guide families through the process of problem-solving and growth, helping you discover new paths toward harmony and understanding. I have experience and training in providing therapy for individuals of all ages who have symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma responses and grief.
(775) 258-6801 x11 View (775) 258-6801 x11
Photo of Jen Schafer, Psychologist in Reno, NV
Jen Schafer
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89501  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome to my profile! I received my doctorate in Clinical Psychology in 2005 and I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist in both Illinois & Nevada. I enjoy working with patients to foster personal growth and to help them feel more empowered to overcome life's obstacles. Our collaborative goal working together is to help you gain insight for the future, so you can lead a more fulfilling life. My clinical interests and experience include working with eating and body image struggles, trauma, fertility/pregnancy, and relationship issues, but I also have experiences working with life transitions, depression and anxiety.
Hello and welcome to my profile! I received my doctorate in Clinical Psychology in 2005 and I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist in both Illinois & Nevada. I enjoy working with patients to foster personal growth and to help them feel more empowered to overcome life's obstacles. Our collaborative goal working together is to help you gain insight for the future, so you can lead a more fulfilling life. My clinical interests and experience include working with eating and body image struggles, trauma, fertility/pregnancy, and relationship issues, but I also have experiences working with life transitions, depression and anxiety.
(775) 500-0262 View (775) 500-0262
Photo of Kelsey Klein, Counselor in Reno, NV
Kelsey Klein
Counselor, LCPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89503  (Online Only)
I typically collaborate with adolescents and young adults looking to feel understood and, in turn, better understand themselves. Clients I work with often have high emotional sensitivity and experience depression, anxiety, mood lability, grief, trauma, spirituality issues, and relational conflict. Together, we learn tools to increase self-validation, make behavioral changes, and reenvision life's experiences. Clients find they develop skills to cope with strong emotions, improve their emotional expression with others, and experience genuine, authentic connection.
I typically collaborate with adolescents and young adults looking to feel understood and, in turn, better understand themselves. Clients I work with often have high emotional sensitivity and experience depression, anxiety, mood lability, grief, trauma, spirituality issues, and relational conflict. Together, we learn tools to increase self-validation, make behavioral changes, and reenvision life's experiences. Clients find they develop skills to cope with strong emotions, improve their emotional expression with others, and experience genuine, authentic connection.
(775) 871-1730 View (775) 871-1730
Photo of Vish Durdevic, Counselor in Reno, NV
Vish Durdevic
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89502  (Online Only)
I know it takes courage to seek help during hard times in life and therefore I try to create a safe environment for my clients to explore their thoughts and feelings without fear of judgement. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, depression, trauma, abuse, coping with grief and loss. I utilize strength-based approach to help my clients find their authentic way to being content.
I know it takes courage to seek help during hard times in life and therefore I try to create a safe environment for my clients to explore their thoughts and feelings without fear of judgement. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, depression, trauma, abuse, coping with grief and loss. I utilize strength-based approach to help my clients find their authentic way to being content.
(775) 298-5269 View (775) 298-5269
Photo of Memor Health, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Memor Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89521
Shannon is an experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) specializing in working with adults of all ages. With a compassionate and holistic approach, Shannon is dedicated to supporting her clients in their journey towards emotional healing, personal growth, and overall well-being. Shannon is certified in Somatic Experiencing, an integrative approach that recognizes the profound connection between the mind and body. By incorporating somatic techniques into her therapy sessions, she helps clients access and process stored trauma or stress in their bodies, leading to profound healing and increased resilience.
Shannon is an experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) specializing in working with adults of all ages. With a compassionate and holistic approach, Shannon is dedicated to supporting her clients in their journey towards emotional healing, personal growth, and overall well-being. Shannon is certified in Somatic Experiencing, an integrative approach that recognizes the profound connection between the mind and body. By incorporating somatic techniques into her therapy sessions, she helps clients access and process stored trauma or stress in their bodies, leading to profound healing and increased resilience.
(775) 256-7193 View (775) 256-7193
Photo of Rachel Martinez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Rachel Martinez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89511
My work is fast-paced, to the point, and focused on the issues that cause my clients the most distress. I work with kids, teens, and adults and I use only evidence-based theoretical models that are proven to work through research, such as CBT and DBT. Others describe me as easy to get along with and open up to and I'm hopeful I can meet your expectation when we have the opportunity to connect and work through whatever challenge​ has come your way.
My work is fast-paced, to the point, and focused on the issues that cause my clients the most distress. I work with kids, teens, and adults and I use only evidence-based theoretical models that are proven to work through research, such as CBT and DBT. Others describe me as easy to get along with and open up to and I'm hopeful I can meet your expectation when we have the opportunity to connect and work through whatever challenge​ has come your way.
(775) 431-2314 View (775) 431-2314
Photo of Celia Zisman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Celia Zisman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89502
Welcome to my page and thank you for giving me the privilege of your consideration. I have specific expertise in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Phobic Disorders, Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders and eating disorders. I also am highly skilled in working with anxiety, depression, adjustment issues, life stressors/transitions, and interpersonal dynamics. I have certification in substance use disorder counseling, PMADS, DBT, Cinema Therapy, and Narrative Therapy. I also recently completed Phase 1 Brainspotting for trauma and utilize an attachment lens to explore our unhealed wounds that continue to hurt us and others in our lives.
Welcome to my page and thank you for giving me the privilege of your consideration. I have specific expertise in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Phobic Disorders, Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders and eating disorders. I also am highly skilled in working with anxiety, depression, adjustment issues, life stressors/transitions, and interpersonal dynamics. I have certification in substance use disorder counseling, PMADS, DBT, Cinema Therapy, and Narrative Therapy. I also recently completed Phase 1 Brainspotting for trauma and utilize an attachment lens to explore our unhealed wounds that continue to hurt us and others in our lives.
(775) 242-5319 View (775) 242-5319
Photo of Abbie Smith, Pre-Licensed Professional in Reno, NV
Abbie Smith
Pre-Licensed Professional, CSWI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89503
I have experience working with different types of trauma, anxiety/depression, grief, and self esteem. I have knowledge working with Veterans and first responders who are having trouble adjusting to new environments or traumatic work related crises. Trauma comes in many forms and can make your life feel permanently on hold, but there is hope. I have additional knowledge and training in medical injuries/diagnoses such as, Traumatic Brain Injuries, as well as Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS).
I have experience working with different types of trauma, anxiety/depression, grief, and self esteem. I have knowledge working with Veterans and first responders who are having trouble adjusting to new environments or traumatic work related crises. Trauma comes in many forms and can make your life feel permanently on hold, but there is hope. I have additional knowledge and training in medical injuries/diagnoses such as, Traumatic Brain Injuries, as well as Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS).
(775) 372-3125 View (775) 372-3125
Photo of Ann Edgington, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reno, NV
Ann Edgington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89502
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about supporting adults and couples coping with issues related to anxiety, relationships, trauma, loss, fertility, pregnancy, birth, and parenting. Our generational stories, trauma histories, social and cultural experiences, and personal goals all inform how we find ourselves in times of transition and impact how we cope. Whatever you find yourself carrying, there is time and space for you to pause and fortify before stepping forward on your path. It's an honor to share that space with you.
I am passionate about supporting adults and couples coping with issues related to anxiety, relationships, trauma, loss, fertility, pregnancy, birth, and parenting. Our generational stories, trauma histories, social and cultural experiences, and personal goals all inform how we find ourselves in times of transition and impact how we cope. Whatever you find yourself carrying, there is time and space for you to pause and fortify before stepping forward on your path. It's an honor to share that space with you.
(775) 403-5214 View (775) 403-5214
Photo of Mirit Sloves Meridian Health, Marriage & Family Therapist in Reno, NV
Mirit Sloves Meridian Health
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT, MCHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89502
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I will be helping you gaining insight and understanding of your challenges and finding tools to handle Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, mood disorders, relationship conflicts, marital issues, communication skills, life skills, social emotional skills, personal growth, parenting skills, crisis management as well as self esteem self worth. I am passionate about my job and enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families. I am here to guide and support finding your wellness path which will lead you to a more fulfilled, healthy and meaningful life.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I will be helping you gaining insight and understanding of your challenges and finding tools to handle Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, mood disorders, relationship conflicts, marital issues, communication skills, life skills, social emotional skills, personal growth, parenting skills, crisis management as well as self esteem self worth. I am passionate about my job and enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families. I am here to guide and support finding your wellness path which will lead you to a more fulfilled, healthy and meaningful life.
(775) 209-1044 View (775) 209-1044

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Reno, NV

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Reno, NV who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues
67% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Aetna
62% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% Hometown Health

How Therapists in Reno, NV see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Reno?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.